Download Blood Vessels: biology homework revision questions

5. Blood Vessels
1.
(a)
Blood moves towards the heart in veins. Describe how blood is moved through veins.
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(3)
(b)
Capillaries are involved in the exchange of materials between the blood and the
surrounding body tissues. Give two structural features of a capillary that enable it to
exchange materials rapidly between the blood and the surrounding body tissues.
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(Total 6 marks)
2.
The diagram below shows cross-sections of three different types of blood vessel, A, B and C.
A
B
5 mm
(a)
C
5 mm
0.005 mm
Name the blood vessels A and B.
A ...............................................................................................................................
B ...............................................................................................................................
(1)
AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk
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5. Blood Vessels
(b)
State two ways in which blood vessel C is adapted to enable the formation of tissue fluid.
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(2)
(c)
Give one function of tissue fluid.
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(1)
(d)
When tissue fluid is not efficiently reabsorbed, it collects in tissues causing swelling
(oedema). Suggest one factor that could cause oedema.
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
3.
(a)
Describe three structural differences between arteries and veins.
Arteries
Veins
1
2
3
(3)
(b)
Suggest why arteries are more likely than veins to develop atherosclerosis.
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(1)
AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk
2
5. Blood Vessels
(c)
The diagram below shows how tissue fluid is formed from blood plasma.
Describe and explain how fluid is forced out of the capillaries to form tissue fluid at the arterial
end of the capillary.
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(2)
(d)
(i)
Give one reason why fluid might accumulate within the tissues and cause swelling.
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(1)
(ii)
Name this type of swelling in the tissues.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk
3
5. Blood Vessels
4.
(a)
Blood vessels can be distinguished by their structure. The table shows some structural
features for three blood vessels P, Q and R.
Structural feature
P
Q
R
Endothelium present
Small lumen relative to the thickness
of the walls
Many elastic fibres present
Valves present
Identify the blood vessels P, Q and R.
P ..................................................................................................................................
Q ..................................................................................................................................
R ..................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
The diagram below shows changes in blood pressure as blood flows from the arteries to
the veins.
12
A
Blood pressure / kPa
10
8
6
4
B
2
0
ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES CAPILLARIES
VENULES
VEINS
direction of blood flow through circulation
The blood pressure at point A is 10.5 kPa and the blood pressure at point B is 2.5 kPa.
Calculate the percentage decrease in the pressure as blood flows from A to B.
Answer ............................ kPa
(2)
AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk
4
5. Blood Vessels
(c)
Explain the changes in blood pressure
(i)
in the arteries
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(ii)
in the capillaries.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
5.
The diagram below shows a transverse section of a blood vessel, as seen using low
magnification of a light microscope.
A
(a)
Name the type of blood vessel shown in the diagram.
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(1)
(b)
The layer labelled A contains smooth muscle fibres, collagen and elastic fibres.
(i)
Name layer A.
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(1)
AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk
5
5. Blood Vessels
(ii)
Describe the function of the collagen fibres.
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(2)
(c)
The diagrams below show the single blood circulatory system of a fish and the double
circulatory system of a mammal.
Mammal
Lungs
Fish
Tissues
Gills
Heart
Tissues
Heart
KEY
Deoxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood
Suggest why a double circulatory system is an advantage to a mammal.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk
6