Download Exam 7 Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice

Exam 7 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. viruses are protected inside their host cells. b. viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics. c. antibiotics interfere with
metabolic processes that viruses do not perform. d. viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus.
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2.
Bacterial cells have
a. a cell wall only. b. a cell membrane only. c. both a cell membrane and an outer cell wall. d. a cell wall inside their cell
membrane.
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3.
The protozoan that causes malaria reproduces in the
a. intestine of a human. b. red blood cells of a mosquito. c. red blood cells of a human. d. stinger of a mosquito.
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4.
You have been given an unknown organism to identify. You find that it is unicellular and has a cell wall. Which of the following must
it also have?
a. chloroplasts b. asexual reproduction c. pseudopodia d. one or more flagella
____
5.
Cholera is usually transmitted by
a. insects. b. sexual contact. c. contaminated water. d. airborne water droplets.
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6.
The study of viruses is a part of biology because
a. they belong to the kingdom Monera. b. they are about to become extinct. c. they are living organisms. d. they are active inside
living cells.
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7.
Escherichia coli is an example of a bacterium that has short, thin, hairlike projections called
a. pili. b. cilia. c. cocci. d. ribosomes.
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8.
Biologists now know that viruses
a. are the smallest organisms. b. consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic acid coat. c. contain RNA or DNA in a protein coat.
d. all form the same crystalline shape.
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9.
The individual filaments that make up the body of a fungus are called
a. vascular tissue. b. hyphae. c. rhizoids. d. stem cells.
____
10.
Alexander Fleming, a British bacteriologist, is credited with the discovery of
a. photosynthetic bacteria. b. antibodies. c. tuberculosis. d. penicillin.
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11.
An example of a fungus is
a. a mushroom. b. a bread mold. c. a yeast. d. All of the above
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12.
Eukaryotes that lack the features of animals, plants, or fungi are placed in the kingdom
a. Archaebacteria. b. Plantae. c. Protista. d. Animalia.
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13.
Antibiotics
a. include penicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. b. may prevent bacteria from making new cell walls. c. are effective
treatments for bacterial diseases. d. All of the above
____
14.
We know viruses are not alive because
a. they are not cellular. b. they cannot make proteins. c. they cannot use energy. d. All of the above
____
15.
Fungi are important to an ecosystem as
a. producers. b. regulators. c. decomposers. d. controllers.
____
16.
Pseudopodia are used for
a. Paramecium conjugation. b. movement by amoebas. c. Euglena reproduction. d. Paramecium mitosis.
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17.
Viruses are
a. photosynthetic. b. chemosynthetic. c. parasitic. d. All of the above
____
18.
Amoebas capture food by
a. engulfing it. b. using cilia. c. trapping it with flagella. d. taking it into a gullet.
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19.
Euglena is an example of a protist that
a. is both autotrophic and heterotrophic. b. is only a parasitic heterotroph. c. is always autotrophic. d. swims away from light.
____
20.
Mycorrhizae
a. aid in the transfer of minerals from the soil to a plant. b. cause a variety of plant diseases. c. aid in the transfer of minerals to
fungi. d. are only found on aquatic fungi.
____
21.
One difference between the cells in a human body and bacterial cells is that bacterial cells have
a. an outer cell wall made up of lipids. b. an outer cell wall made up of polysaccharides and proteins. c. no DNA. d. no ribosomes.
____
22.
Structures found in eukaryotic cells but not in a bacterial cells are
a. nuclei. b. linear chromosomes. c. membrane-bound organelles. d. All of the above
____
23.
Fungi
a. do not contain chlorophyll. b. have cell walls that contain chitin. c. do not produce their own food. d. All of the above
____
24.
The kingdom Protista includes
a. most of the single-celled eukaryotes. b. slime and water molds. c. multicellular seaweed. d. All of the above
____
25.
It is important to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in diagnosing a bacterial infection because
a. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria differ in their response to different antibiotics. b. Gram-positive bacteria never cause
fatal diseases. c. Gram-positive bacteria destroy antibiotics, preventing them from working. d. Gram-positive bacteria do not
respond to many antibiotics.
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26.
A protist may be
a. unicellular and heterotrophic. b. unicellular and autotrophic. c. multicellular and autotrophic. d. All of the above
____
27.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure represents RNA?
a. structure B b. structure C c. structure D d. structure E
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28.
Giardiasis is a disease that is spread
a. by direct person-to-person contact. b. through the air. c. through contaminated food and water. d. by the Anopheles mosquito.
____
29.
Cell organelles that Escherichia coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes are
a. chloroplasts. b. mitochondria. c. nuclei. d. ribosomes.
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30.
Fungi obtain food by
a. photosynthesis. b. the nitrogen fixation process in their hyphae. c. digesting food externally before absorbing it. d. None of the
above
____
31.
Kinetoplastids
a. reproduce sexually and asexually. b. are unicellular. c. can cause diseases in humans. d. All of the above
____
32.
Malaria is caused by several species of
a. Toxoplasma. b. Phytophthora. c. Giardia. d. Plasmodium.
____
33.
A bacterial disease carried from rodents to humans by fleas is
a. tuberculosis. b. bubonic plague. c. cholera. d. Lyme disease.
____
34.
Most fungal spores are formed by
a. the fusing of hyphae. b. the fusing of asci. c. mitosis. d. None of the above
____
35.
The symptoms of malaria
a. include delirium and sweating. b. follow a cycle. c. include severe chills and fever. d. All of the above
____
36.
When an individual diatom gets too small because of repeated division, it
a. grows to full size in its existing shell. b. slips out of its shell, grows to full size, and regenerates a new shell. c. slips out of its shell,
grows to full size, and reinhabits its old shell. d. slips out of its shell and lives the rest of its life without a shell.
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37.
All viruses have
a. cytoplasm. b. ribosomes. c. mitochondria. d. None of the above
____
38.
The group of fungi that includes the molds that often grow on bread is the
a. ascomycetes. b. basidiomycetes. c. zygomycetes. d. deuteromycetes.
____
39.
A membranous envelope surrounding some viruses may be composed of
a. lipids. b. proteins. c. glycoproteins. d. All of the above
____
40.
An animal virus enters its host cell by
a. being injected into the cell. b. penetrating a rip in the cell wall. c. punching a hole in the cell membrane. d. endocytosis across
the cell membrane.
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41.
A lichen
a. consists of a fungus and an alga in a symbiotic relationship. b. is a fungus clump. c. is found only in temperate climates. d. is a
mold found on the shady side of trees.
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42.
Algae are
a. sometimes heterotrophic. b. always microscopic in size. c. found in both fresh water and salt water. d. found only in fresh
water.
____
43.
The capsid of a virus is the
a. protective outer coat. b. cell membrane. c. nucleus. d. cell wall and membrane complex.
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44.
Mushrooms and toadstools are members of the phylum
a. Ascomycota. b. Basidiomycota. c. Zygomycota. d. Deuteromycota.
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45.
Protists are found almost everywhere there is
a. water. b. carbon monoxide. c. methane. d. ammonia.
____
46.
Fungi digest food
a. through photosynthesis. b. outside their bodies. c. inside their bodies. d. All of the above
____
47.
The haploid, gamete-producing phase in the life cycle of some protists is known as the
a. zygospore generation. b. gametophyte generation. c. conjugation generation. d. sporophyte generation.
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48.
Bacterial cells such as Escherichia coli transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called
a. binary fission. b. mitosis. c. conjugation. d. sexual reproduction.
____
49.
A typical virus consists of
a. a protein coat and a cytoplasm core. b. a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core. c. a protein coat and a nucleic acid core.
d. a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core.
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50.
In a symbiotic association, such as a lichen, a fungus provides mineral nutrients to a(n)
a. animal. b. heterotrophic bacterium. c. photosynthetic partner. d. None of the above
____
51.
HIV can be transmitted
a. through sexual contact. b. through the sharing of nonsterile needles. c. to infants during pregnancy or through breast milk.
d. All of the above
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52.
Which of the following might be found in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell?
a. chloroplasts b. Golgi bodies c. mitochondria d. None of the above
____
53.
Fungi obtain energy
a. directly from the sun. b. from inorganic material in their environment. c. by absorbing organic molecules. d. from nuclear
fusion.
____
54.
Bacteria that cause botulism may survive in canned food for a long time because
a. the can was left open. b. some cans may contain viruses that protect the bacteria. c. the bacteria may form endospores.
d. sterilized cans do not have enough oxygen to harm the bacteria.
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55.
A hypha is a long string of cells divided by
a. spindle fibers b. an ascus c. mycorrhizae d. walls
____
56.
Which of the following are human diseases caused by protists?
a. amebic dysentery b. toxoplasmosis c. malaria d. All of the above
____
57.
The cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction is called the
a. lysogenic cycle. b. metabolic cycle. c. lytic cycle. d. None of the above
____
58.
A pathogen is an agent that is
a. beneficial to humans. b. harmful only to plants. c. harmful to living organisms. d. nearly extinct.
____
59.
Viruses
a. are cellular organisms. b. reproduce only in living cells. c. have nuclei and organelles. d. are surrounded by a polysaccharide
coat.
____
60.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
a. repair nitrogen-damaged legume roots. b. damage the environment by using atmospheric oxygen to produce toxic nitrogen
compounds. c. convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. d. convert ammonia in the soil into nitrogen gas.
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
61.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in B moves by means of ____________________.
62.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in C moves by means of ____________________.
63.
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in A moves by means of ____________________.
64.
Certain fungi play important roles in the nutrition of vascular plants by forming symbiotic associations with their roots, which are
called ____________________.
65.
Spiral bacteria are called ____________________.
66.
The typical fungus is a eukaryotic heterotroph that has a body consisting of many slender filaments called ____________________.
67.
Most protists are made up of ____________________ cell(s).
68.
Bacterial viruses with a polyhedral head attached to a helical tail are ____________________.
69.
The virus that causes AIDS is called ____________________ ____________________ ____________________.
70.
Two important features that evolved in the protists were sexual reproduction and ____________________.
71.
Some protists have ____________________ that contain light-sensitive pigments.
72.
A disease of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is ____________________.
73.
Two of the most important features that evolved among the protists are ____________________ reproduction and
____________________.
74.
Microscopic, nucleic acid-containing particles that invade cells of organisms in order to reproduce, and often destroy the cells in the
process, are called ____________________.
75.
A fungal ____________________ is a haploid reproductive cell that is capable of developing into a new organism.
76.
Unlike plants, fungi lack ____________________ and cannot carry out photosynthesis.
77.
Mildews and yeasts are examples of ____________________.
78.
Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.
79.
One of the greatest effects that protists have on humans is that protists cause ____________________.
80.
Diatoms exhibit either radial or ____________________ symmetry.
81.
Fungi form symbiotic relationships with a(n) ____________________, such as a plant or an alga.
82.
Fungi obtain food by ____________________ organic matter.
83.
The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________.
84.
Protists that are strict phototrophs are called ____________________.
85.
Round bacteria are called ____________________.