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Семестр:
Topographical anatomy and operative surgery of regin and organ of thoracic
cavity.(2c.med.Sem.Contr)
Опис:
Перелік питань:
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
2.
A.
B.
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D.
E. *
3.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
4.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
5.
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B.
C. *
D.
E.
6.
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7.
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B.
C.
The left coronary artery:
Arises from the anterior surface of the aorta
Ordinarily supplies the posterior interventricular branch
Ordinarily supplies the diaphragmatic portion of the right ventricle
All these
None of these
Characteristics of the left lung include which of the following?
It is heavier than the right lung
It is composed of three lobes
The azygos vein arches over its root
It has a horizontal fissure
The cardiac notch is found on its superior lobe
All of the following statements concerning the atrioventricular valves are true, except:
The valves are attached to the anuli fibrosi
The right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve is formed by the posterior, inferior and septal cusps
The left atrioventricular (mitral) valve is formed by the septal and left cusps
Each cusp receives chordae tendinae from more than one papillary muscle
The chordae tendinae of the mitral valve are thicker than those of the tricuspid
The pericardial sinuses areof considerable interest to the cardiac surgeon. When the surgeon’s finger
is in the transverse sinus, which of the following structures is not related to the sinus in the manner
noted? anterior to the sinus
Aorta,
Pulmonary artery, anterior to the sinus
Superior vena cava, anterior to the sinus
Left atrium, posterior to the sinus
Superior left pulmonary vein, posterior to the sinus
The central part of the parietal diaphragmatic pleura is supplied by which of these nerves?
Intercostals
Vagus
Phrenic
Parasympathetics
Sympathetics
On the diaphragmatic surface of the heart, the posterior interventricular sulcus separates which of the
following chambers?
Right ventricle-right atrium
Left ventricle-left atrium
Left atrium-right atrium
Left ventricle-right ventricle
Left ventricle-right atrium
The parietal pleura is described by each of the following terms except:
Diaphragmatic
Cervical
Costal
D.
E. *
8.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
9.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
10.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
11.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
12.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
13.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
14.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mediastinal
Basal
The blood supply to the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum is provided by the:
Marginal branch of the right coronary artery
Marginal branch of the left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular artery
Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
Posterior interventricular artery
Which one of the following structures in the posterior mediastinum is found immediately posterior to
the left atrium and pericardium?
Esophagus
Vagus nerves
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Right pulmonary artery
All of these statements about intercostal arteries are correct except:
The upper two posterior intercostal arteries arise from the supreme intercostal artery
The lower nine posterior intercostal arteries arise from the aorta
The superior epigastric artery supplies anterior intercostal arteries
Intercostal arteries run under the shelter of a costal groove
Intercostal arteries accompany each intercostal nerve
Which of the following structures is not located in the mediastinum?
Heart and pericardium
Trachea
Vessels proceeding to and from the heart
Lungs
Vagus nerves
Which of the following statements concerning intercostals nerves is correct?
They are the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves
There are 11 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves
The thoracic spinal nerves are commonly called subcostal nerves
The ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves supply muscle, bone, joint, and skin of the back
They supply the parietal pleura and are mainly sensory nerves
Which of the following structures passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?
Vagus nerve
Esophagus
Inferior vena cava
Sympathetic trunk
Azygos vein
All of the following veins drain into the coronary sinus except the:
Anterior cardiac veins
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Oblique vein of left atrium
Small cardiac vein
15.
The major venous return system of the heart, the coronary sinus, empties into the:
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
16.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
17.
A.
Inferior vena cava
Left atrium
Right atrium
Superior vena cava
Right ventricle
Which of these statements is true in relation to intercostal nerves?
In the intercostal space, they run between the internal and external intercostals muscles
They are located in the costal groove above the artery and vein
They are all confined to the thorax
They are entirely cutaneous to the thoracic wall
The upper six nerves terminate as anterior cutaneous branches
All the following structures empty into the right atrium of the heart except the:
Coronary sinus
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Anterior cardiac veins
Pulmonary veins
The lateral boundary of the superior mediastinum is the:
Lateral border of the sternum
T-1 to T-4 vertebrae
Sternal angle
Mediastinal pleura
T-2 to T-5 vertebrae
Most of the sternocostal surface of the heart is formed by the:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right auricle
Left atrium
Each of the following arteries is a branch of the internal thoracic except the:
Pericardiophrenic
Superior phrenic
Musculophrenic
Superior epigastric
Anterior intercostals
Which of the following structures passes posterior to the root of the right lung?
Hemiazygos vein
Right vagus nerve
Right phrenic nerve
Thoracic aorta
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Each of the following vessels empties into the coronary sinus except the:
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
B.
C.
D.
E. *
18.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
19.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
20.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
21.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
22.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
23.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
24.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
25.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
26.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
27.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
28.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
29.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
Anterior cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Posterior vein of the left ventricle
Each of the following structures is found in the posterior mediastinum except the:
Vagus nerve
Phrenic nerve
Azygos vein
Descending aorta
Esophagus
The brachiocephalic veins receive venous blood directly from each of the following except the:
Subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
External jugular vein
Inferior thyroid vein
Internal thoracic vein
Each of the following is related to the right ventricle except the:
Interventricular septum
Trabeculae cameae
Bicuspid valve
Anterior papillary muscle
Septomarginal band
The greater splanchnic nerve usually contains nerve fibers derived from each of the following spinal
nerves except:
T-5
T-10
T-9
T-7
T-8
The left coronary artery bifurcates into the circumflex branch and the:
Left marginal branch
Left ventricular branch
Anterior interventricular branch
Right marginal branch
Posterior interventricular branch
The posterior intercostal artery in the fifth intercostal space arises from the
Musculophrenic artery
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
Thoracic aorta
Subclavian artery
All of the following can be found in the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove) except the
Right coronary artery
Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
E.
30.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
31.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
32.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
33.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
34.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
35.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
36.
A. *
B.
C.
Coronary sinus
The most anterior of the following structures in the superior mediastinum is the:
Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic vein
Left common carotid artery
Right common carotid artery
Phrenic nerve
Each of the following arteries is a branch of the descending thoracic aorta except the:
Posterior intercostal
Esophageal
Bronchial
Left subclavian
Pericardial
Within the superior mediastinum, the anterior surface of the esophagus is in contact with the:
Thoracic duct
Anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column
Trachea
Thymus
Arch of the aorta
The thoracic duct is correctly described by each of the following except it:
Is the largest lymphatic channel in the body
Arises in a dilatation known as the cistema chyli within the abdomen
Returns to the bloodstream lymph from all of the body below the diaphragm and from the left half of
the body above the diaphragm
Courses through the posterior mediastinum between the aorta and the azygos vein
Diverges in the superior mediastinum to the right side of the esophagus, towards the right superior
aperture of the neck
Each of the following statements correctly describes the costodiaphragmatic recess except:
It is an inferior extension of the pleural cavity
It represents an area where the costal and diaphragmatic layers of parietal pleura can come into
apposition with each other
It is a sub-compartment of the thoracic cavity
In quiet respiration, it is usually found deep to the eighth and ninth intercostals spaces in the
midaxillary line
It contains a thin film of serous fluid
The most superior structure at the root of the left lung is the:
Pulmonary artery
Superior pulmonary vein
Primary bronchus
Inferior pulmonary vein
Bronchiolar artery
The horizontal fissure of the right lung separates the
Superior and middle lobes
Superior and inferior lobes
Inferior and middle lobes
D.
E.
37.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
38.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
39.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
40.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
41.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
42.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
43.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
44.
Superior lobe from the cardiac notch
Superior lobe and lingula
Each of the following is found at the horizontal plane of the sternal angle except the:
Superior termination of the fibrous pericardium
Intervertebral disk between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae
Beginning and termination of aortic arch
Bifurcation of trachea
Bifurcation of the brachiocephalic artery into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
The part of the rib that articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra is the:
Superior articular facet
Inferior articular facet
Tubercle articular facet
Angle
Neck
The superior vena cava is formed:
Deep to the right first costal cartilage
Deep to the right second costal cartilage
Deep to the right sternoclavicular joint
Deep to the right subclavian artery
Anterior to the aortic arch
Deep to the fourth intercostal space on the right side of the sternum is the:
Superior vena cava
Right brachiocephalic vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
Brachiocephalic trunk
Right atrium
The esophageal hiatus transmits the esophagus and the:
Superior phrenic artery
Thoracic duct
Vagal nerve trunks
Greater splanchnic nerve
Lesser splanchnic nerve
The musculophrenic artery is a branch of which of the following arteries?
Internal thoracic
Inferior epigastric
Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex
Deep external pudendal
The aortic hiatus of the diaphragm is located at the level of which vertebra?
Fourth cervical
Sixth cervical
Fifth thoracic
12th thoracic
Fourth lumbar
The mediastinum contains all the following structures except the:
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
45.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
46.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
47.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
48.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
49.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
50.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
51.
A.
B.
C.
Heart
Lungs
Pulmonary arteries
Trachea
Esophagus
Anatomically components of the proper thoracic wall include the:
Pectoral muscles
Serratus anterior
Trapezius
Intercostal muscles
Latissimus dorsi
The superior thoracic aperture can be described correctly by which of these statements?
It is large and irregular
It is bounded by the third thoracic vertebra
Its plane slopes downward and forward
It includes the costal arch
It involves costal cartilages of the tenth rib
The sternal angle is found at which of these locations?
Jugular notch
Xiphoid process
Level with the fourth costal cartilage
Level with the lower border of the sixth thoracic vertebra
Manubriosternal joint
Ossification of the parts of the body of the sternum usually is complete by age (in years):
One
Three
Six
15
21
Which of the following defines true ribs?
Upper seven pairs
All 12 pairs
Lower five pairs
10th and 11th pairs
12th pair
All the following are correct statements about rib fractures except
Most often they occur just anterior to the costal angle
Most frequently they occur as a result of compression forces on the thorax
Splinting the chest wall is essential treatment
Broken rib ends tend to spring outward
Fractured bone ends may injure the lungs
Which of these statements correctly describes intercostal muscles?
External intercostals begin anteriorly
External intercostal membrane is posterior
Fibers of external intercostals slant upward and backward
D. *
E.
52.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
53.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
54.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
55.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
56.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
57.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
58.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
Fibers of internal intercostals run upward and forward
Innermost intercostals are the best developed of the intercostals
Innervation of the thoracic wall can be described, correctly by all the following statements except:
It receives a nerve supply from spinal nerves T1-12
It receives no nerve supply from cervical nerves
Cutaneous innervation of skin over paravertebral regions of the thorax is provided by dorsal rami of
spinal nerves
Ventral rami of T1-11 are called intercostals nerves
The ventral ramus of T12 is the subcostal nerve
Which of these statements is true in relation to intercostal nerves?
In the intercostal space, they run between the internal and external intercostal muscles
They are located in the costal groove above the artery and vein
They are all confined to the thorax
They are entirely cutaneous to the thoracic wall
The upper six nerves terminate as anterior cutaneous branches
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the blood vessels of the
thoracic wall?
In the intercostal space, the vessels run just below the respective intercostal nerve
Branches of the vessels vary widely from those of the intercostal nerves
Superficial structures of the thorax are served by intercostal vessels
Posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery
Branches of the descending thoracic aorta become anterior intercostal arteries
All the following are true statements about the anterior thoracic artery except:
It is a branch of the arch of the aorta
It descends behind the subclavian vein
It divides into two terminal branches
It gives branches to the mediastinum
The musculophrenic artery is one of its terminal branches
Innervation of pleura can be described correctly by all of these statements except:
Costal pleura is supplied by intercostal nerves
The central portion of diaphragmatic pleura is supplied by the phrenic nerve
Peripheral diaphragmatic pleura is supplied by intercostal nerves
The pain of pleurisy is mediated by autonomic nerves
Mediastinal pleura is supplied by the phrenic nerve
Which of the following statements is correct in relation to internal anatomy of the lung?
Bronchopulmonary segments are the anatomic units
Arteries and veins provide the major lung framework
Bronchi branch symmetrically
Bronchi are hollow tubes without particular wall support
Pulmonary vessels show no particular relationship to bronchial branching
Which of these items is true regarding external anatomy of the lung?
The upper tapered end of the lung is its base
The root of the lung is located at its base
Visceral pleura covers all lung surfaces
Lobes are comparable to bronchopulmonary segments
E.
59.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
60.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
61.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
62.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
63.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
64.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
65.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
66.
A.
Each lung has three lobes
Which of these statements is correct regarding pulmonary circulation of the lung?
It is the main blood supply to the bronchi
It is the main blood supply to the connective tissue of the lung
The pulmonary trunk goes directly to the left lung
Pulmonary veins enter the right atrium of the heart
The pulmonary trunk arises from the right ventricle
The ligamentum arteriosum is located correctly by which of the following?
Between the left pulmonary artery and the aortic arch
Between the ductus arteriosus and the right pulmonary artery
Between the left pulmonary vein and the aorta
Between the right pulmonary vein and the pulmonary trunk
Between the left bronchial artery and the aortic arch
All the following are correct statements about pulmonary veins except:
Two veins pass from the hilum of each lung
Usually they enter the right atrium of the heart
They show more variation than do the pulmonary arteries
They are formed by confluence of capillaries in the lung
Their primary tributaries are related to particular bronchopulmonary segments
The bronchial arteries may arise from all the following except the:
Descending aorta
Right intercostal artery
Arch of the aorta
Subclavian artery
Anterior thoracic artery
Which of the following statements describes nerve supply of the lungs correctly?
Sympathetic fibers in the pulmonary plexus are preganglionic fibers
Vagal fibers in the pulmonary plexus are postganglionic fibers
Visceral afferents from the lung have been demonstrated only in the vagus nerve
The vagus innervates the smooth muscle in walls of pulmonary vessets
Sympathetic fibers control constriction of the bronchi
All of the following statements about the pericardial sac are true except:
The outer layer is fibrous
Epicardium completely invests the heart
The pericardial sac and its contents comprise the middle mediastinum
The fibrous pericardium lubricates the moving surfaces of the heart
The pericardial sac is fused to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Which of these items correctly describes the heart?
All the great veins enter its apex
Its base is made largely of the left atrium and a portion of the right atrium
The apex points forward and toward the right
The diaphragmatic surface is formed largely by the right ventricle and atrium
The coronary sinus occupies the posterior interventricular sulcus
The right atrium includes all of these structures except the:
Tricuspid valve
B.
C.
D.
E. *
67.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
68.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
69.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
70.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
71.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
72.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
73.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
Crista terminalis
Musculi pectinati
Fossa ovalis
Trabeculae cameae
Which of these statements correctly describes the azygos venous system?
Primarily it drains blood from the body wall
Normally it drains into the inferior vena cava
It is located entirely on the right side of the vertebral column
It receives no blood from thoracic viscera
It has a number of valves
All of these items correctly described the thoracic duct except:
It returns lymph from the greater part of the body to the venous system
It is the upward continuation of the cisterna chyli
It ends at the confluence of the right subclavian and brachiocephalic veins
In most of its course it lies behind the esophagus
It contains valves
Which of the following statements is correct in relation to thoracic splanchnic nerves?
Their fibers relay in the sympathetic ganglion chain
They are part of the cardiac plexus
Usually they are five in number
They consist of parasympathetic nerve fibers
They are composed predominantly of preganglionic fibers
Correct description of structure of the sternum includes which of the following statements?
The jugular notch is located at the lower border of the manubrium
The upper border of the body is located at the level of the costal cartilage of the second rib
The sternal angle is located at the articulation of the body and the xiphoid process
The body consists of five fused stemebrae
The xiphoid process consists of bone thicker than that of the body
Ribs may be described correctly by all the following except:
Every rib articulates with the vertebral column
The upper seven pairs of ribs are called vertebrosternal
Ribs 8, 9, and 10 are called vertebrochondral ribs
Floating ribs are the last two pairs
Ribs one through 12 are called true ribs
Which of these facts about ribs is not true?
The typical rib takes an upward slope
The sternal end of each arch lies at a lower level than the vertebral end
Ribs and cartilages increase in length progressively from first to seventh rib
The transverse diameter of the thorax increases progressively from first to eighth rib
The ninth is the most obliquely placed rib
All of the following are parts of the parietal pleura except:
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
Pulmonary
E.
74.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
75.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
76.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
77.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
78.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
79.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
80.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
81.
A.
Cervical
All of these statements describe the aortic arch correctly except:
It lies in the superior mediastinum
It begins at the level of the sternal angle
It gives off the left common carotid artery
It gives off the right subclavian artery
It gives off the right and left coronary arteries
Correct description of the recurrent laryngeal nerves includes which of the following?
They are branches of the phrenic nerve
They branch from the sympathetic trunk
Their neuronal cell bodies are in the cervical spinal cord
The left nerve recurs around the ligamentum arteriosum
The right nerve recurs around the superior vena cava
Each segmental bronchus together with the portion of lung it supplies is called:
Primary segment
Bronchopulmonary segment
Lobar segment
Epiarterial segment
Alveolar segment
Correct information about bronchial arteries includes all the following items except:
They arise by a stem from the aorta
They supply the pulmonary pleura
They supply the bronchi
The pressure within them is low
They run through the interlobar structures
Nerves of the lungs and pleura include all of these except:
Branches of the vagus contribute to the pulmonary plexus
Efferent vagal fibers are secretomotor
Branches of the thoracic sympathetic ganglia 1 through 5 help to form the pulmonary plexus
Sensory vagal fibers constitute the afferent limb of the respiratory reflex arc
Visceral pleura has many afferent nerves sensitive to mechanical stimulation
The tracheal bifurcation can be seen at which of these levels?
T4-5 in the supine living subject
T8 in the erect subject
T6 during inspiration
T12 during expiration
T2-3 in the supine cadaver
If the phrenic nerve was cut close to its origin, which of these effects could be seen?
Loss of bronchoconstriction
Loss of sensation in the middle diaphragm
Loss of power in intercostal muscles
Difficulty in expiration
Loss of the respiratory reflex arc
The brachiocephalic veins are formed from the union of the:
External jugular and inferior vena cava
B.
C.
D. *
E.
82.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
83.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
84.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
85.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
86.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
87.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
88.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Ductus arteriosum and superior vena cava
Azygos vein and the axillary vein
Internal jugular and subclavian
Pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava
All the following structures empty into the right atrium of the heart except the:
Coronary sinus
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Anterior cardiac veins
Pulmonary veins
In the adult, which of the following structures is not prominent in the anterior mediastinum?
Loose areolar tissue
Fat
Lymph vessels and nodes
Thymus gland
Sternopericardial ligaments
The thoracic aorta gives off all of these branches except:
The first pair of posterior intercostal arteries
Bronchial arteries
Pericardial arteries
Diaphragmatic arteries
One pair of subcostal arteries
Which of these statements correctly describes the position of the esophagus?
It passes anterior to the left principal bronchus
It begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage
It descends on the left of the aortic arch
It runs in the anterior mediastinum
It passes through the hiatus formed by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm
Which of the following statements is true of the trachea?
It descends behind the esophagus
Its posterior surface is convex
It ends at the level of the sternal angle
During inspiration, its bifurcation ascends
It contains 0-shaped bars of cartilage
All of the following statements correctly describe the left vagus nerve except:
It gives off the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Posterior to the left bronchus, it breaks up into the left pulmonary plexus
It supplies the left side of the diaphragm
It forms part of the esophageal plexus
It descends from the neck posterior to the left common carotid artery
Which of the following correctly describes the aortic arch?
It begins posterior to the sternal angle
It passes to the right of the trachea
It receives the ligamentum arteriosum from the right pulmonary artery
It gives off the right subclavian artery
E.
89.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
90.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
91.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
92.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
93.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
94.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
95.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
96.
A.
It gives off the left brachiocephalic trunk
The superior vena cava returns blood from all of these structures except the:
Head
Neck
Upper limb
Lungs
Thoracic wall
All of the following statements correctly describe the brachiocephalic veins except:
Each is formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins
They contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
They unite to form the superior vena cava
Each vein receives the internal thoracic vein
They arise posterior to the medial ends of the clavicle
All of these structures occupy the superior mediastinum except the:
Heart and pericardium
Thymus
Aortic arch
Trachea
Esophagus
Which of the following statements is true regarding the coronary arteries?
Sharp lines of demarcation exist between their distribution to right and left ventricles
Most of the blood in these arteries returns to the left atrium
They arise from the right and left aortic sinuses
Variations of these arteries are uncommon
They are infrequent sites of arteriosclerosis
Which of these statements correctly describes sensation of the heart?
Referred pain from the heart rarely occurs
Heart ischemia rarely results in generation of painful stimuli
Afferent pain fibers from the heart run in the vagus nerve
Usually pain from the heart is felt only in the left chest
The heart is insensitive to cold, heat, and touch
All of the following correctly describe innervation of the heart except:
Sympathetics increase rate of heart beat
Parasympathetics reduce rate and force of heart beat
The impulse conducting system of the heart is controlled by the autonomic nervous system
The parasympathetic cardiac nerves supply three branches to each side
Vagal stimulation dilates coronary arteries
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the left ventricle?
Its wall is much thicker than that of the right ventricle
Its interior is covered by trabeculae cameae
The chordae tendinae of papillary muscles are distributed to cusps of the atrioventricular valve
It forms the base of the heart
The aorta arises from its anterior uppermost part
Characteristics of the left atrium consist of all the following except:
It forms most of the base of the heart
B.
C. *
D.
E.
97.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
98.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
99.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
100.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
101.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
102.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
103.
A.
B.
C.
It contains a few musculi pectinati
It receives the pulmonary arteries
Much of this atrium lies posterior to the right atrium
The auricle overlaps the root of the pulmonary trunk
Which of the following is characteristics of the right ventricle:
It gives origin to the pulmonary trunk
Ussualy it has only two pappilary muscles
It receives blood through the mitral valve
It has internal muscular ridges, the musculi pectinaty
It contains the fossa ovalis
Which of the following correctly describes chambers of the heart:
The coronary sulcus separates the two ventricles
The right ventricle forms the right border of the heart
The valve of the superior vena cava directs blood downward
The superior vena cava opens into the right atrium
The interventricular septum contains the fossa ovalis
Which of the following statements about the pericardial sinuses is untrue?
Only two major vessels, both arteries, lie anterior to an instruments in the transverse sinus
The left atrium lies anterior to an instrument in the oblique sinus
The superior and inferior venae cavae lie in the right wall of the obligue sinus
A sharp instrument passed through the left part of the posterior wall of the transverse sinus could
enter the left atrium
None of these statements is true
The heart may correctly be described by all the following except:
An apex formed by the tip of the left ventricle
A diaphragmatic surface formed by both ventricles
A base formed by the atria
An anterior surface formed mainly by the left atrium
A location in the middle mediastinum
The epicardium receives its arterial blood supply from the:
Pericardiophrenic
Coronary arteries
Musculophrenic
Superior phrenic
Bronchial
Which of these statements is true of the fibrous pericardium?
It has no close relationship with the central tendon of the diaphragm
It extends upward to the level of the sternal angle
It moves freely within the thoracic cavity
Its base is pierced by the aorta
It has no attachment to the sternum
Which of these statements correctly describes lymphatic drainage of the lungs?
Usually both bronchomediastinal lymph trunks terminate in the thoracic duct
Only one lymphatic plexus is involved in this drainage
Little transfer of lymph drainage from side to side occurs
D. *
E.
104.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
105.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
106.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
107.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
108.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
109.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
110.
A.
B. *
C.
No lymph vessels are located in the walls of the pulmonary alveoli
Rarely is this lymph drainage responsible for transfer of cancer cells to other organs
In what way does the root of the right lung differ from that of the left lung?
In numbers of pulmonary arteries
In numbers of pulmonary veins
In numbers of primary bronchi
In the presence of a pulmonary plexus of nerves
In numbers of bronchial veins
During cardiac surgery, which of the following vessels could be compressed between a finger placed
in the transverse sinus and an anteriorly placed thumb?
The superior vena cava
The inferior vena cava
The descending aorta
The right pulmonary vein
The pulmonary artery
The chamber contributing most to the anterior (ventral) aspect of the heart is the:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
All four chambers contribute about equally
The right border of the heart is formed by the:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Right and left atria
Right atrium and right ventricle
Which of the following is in direct posterior relation to the left atrium?
The right atrium
The trachea
The esophagus
The aorta
The transverse pericardial sinus
The base of the heart corresponds to the:
Diaphragmatic surface of the heart
Left ventricle and left atrium
Right ventricle and right atrium
Left and right atria
None of these
A physician has detected something while examining a patient’s heart. He is now listening carefully
over the fourth intercostal space immediately to the left of the sternum. His suspicion has evidently
been directed toward the:
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
D.
E.
111.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
112.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
113.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
114.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
115.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
116.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
117.
A. *
B.
Pulmonic valve
Valve of the coronary sinus
During a surgical procedure involving the coronary arteries, you would find the circumflex artery in
the:
Anterior atrioventricular groove
Posterior interventricular groove
Right atrioventricular sulcus
Left atrioventricular sulcus
Posterior interatrial sulcus
A man past 50 years old suddenly collapsed and died while shoveling snow. A massive area of
necrotic heart muscle was found over the anterior wall of the right ventricle with the involvement of
the anterior wall of the left ventricle as well. Assuming that this was the result of acute coronary
arterial occlusion, the occlusion was probably of the:
Left coronary artery
Anterior interventricular artery
Circumflex branch
Right coronary artery
Coronary sinus
You hear a loud systolic murmur (i.e., while the ventricles are contracting) most clearly over the right
second chondrosternal junction. You suspect:
Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve)
Aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve)
Mitral stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve)
Tricuspid stenosis (narrowing of the tricuspid valve)
A patent ductus arteriosus
The artery of the sinuatrial node is usually a branch of the:
Posterior interventricular artery
Anterior interventricular artery
Anterior ventricular artery
Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery
The coronary sinus receives blood from the veins listed below, except the:
Small cardiac vein
Anterior cardiac veins
Middle cardiac vein
Oblique vein of the left atrium
Great cardiac vein
All of the following arteries are branches of the right coronary artery, except the:
Nodal branch
Anterior ventricular branches
Anterior interventricular branch
Posterior interventricular branch
Right marginal branch
The apex of the heart usually receives most of its blood supply from the:
Anterior interventricular artery
Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
C.
D.
E.
118.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
120.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
121.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
122.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
123.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
Posterior interventricular artery
Marginal branch of the right coronary artery
Main division of the right coronary artery
The great cardiac vein contributes to the drainage of all of the chambers of the heart except the:
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
It contributes to the drainage of all of the chambers
Which of the following is usually a branch of the left coronary artery?
Nodal branch
Anterior ventricular branches
Anterior interventricular branch
Posterior interventricular branch
Right marginal branch
The following statements concerning an intercostal space are correct except which?
The anterior intercostals arteries of the lower five intercostals spaces are branches of the
musculophrenic artery
The sensory fibers in the lower five intercostals nerves supply the skin of lateral thoracic and anterior
abdominal walls
The posterior intercostals arteries of the lower nine spaces are branches of the thoracic aorta
Throughout an intercostals space, the intercostals nerves and blood vessels lie close to the upper
border of the lower rib
The intercostals nerves and blood vessels run between the internal and the innermost intercostals
muscles.
The vein which can be seen in the anterior interventricular sulcus with the interventricular branch of
the left coronary artery is the:
Anterior cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Left marginal vein
Great cardiac vein
The following statements concerning the structure of the heart are correct except which?
The trabeculae carneae are internal surface structures of both the left and the right ventricles
The pericardial cavity is the potential space between the fibrous and the serous pericardia
The coronary arteries are functional end arteries
The sinuatrial node is supplied by the right and sometimes the left coronary artery
The four pulmonary veins open through the posterior wall of the left atrium and there are no valves.
The following statements regarding the innervation of thoracic structures are correct except which?
The lung and visceral pleura are innervated by the autonomic nerves and are not sensitive to
sensation of temperature, touch, and pressure
The motor innervation of the diaphragm is provided by the third, fourth, and fifth cervical spinal
nerves and by the lower six intercostals nerves
The sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the lower part of the trachea is from the vagus
and the recurrent laryngeal nerves
The nerve supply of the pericardium is the phrenic nerves
E.
124.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
125.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
126.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
127.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
128.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
129.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
130.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
The sinuatrial node is supplied by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves via the cardiac plexuses.
The following statements concerning thoracic structures are correct except which?
The carina is the name given to the site of bifurcation of the trachea
The ligamentum arteriosum is the remains of the ductus arteriosus
The ductus arteriosus is formed from the sixth left pharyngeal arch
The thymus lies in the middle mediastinum
The thymus receives its arterial supply mainly from the internal thoracic artery.
The following events occur on inhalation except which?
The diaphragm descends
The external intercostals muscles contract
The abdominal muscles contract and push the abdominal viscera cranially
The ribs are raised
The vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity increases.
When passing a needle through the chest wall and into the pleural cavity in the midaxillary line, the
following structures will be pierced except which?
The external intercostal muscle
The skin
The parietal pleura
The levator costarum
The internal intercostal muscle.
The following statements concerning the bronchopulmonary segments are correct except which?
It is a subdivision of a lung lobe
It is pyramidal in shape, with its apex toward the lung surface
It is surrounded by connective tissue
It has a segmental bronchus, a segmental artery, lymph vessels, and autonomic nerves
When diseased, it can be removed surgically as a structural unit.
The following statements concerning the main bronchi are correct except which?
The right main bronchus is wider than the left main bronchus
The right main bronchus is shorter than the left main bronchus
The right main bronchus is longer than the left main bronchus
The left main bronchus passes to the left in front of the esophagus
The left main bronchus gives off the superior lobar bronchus before entering the hilum of the lung.
The following structures open into the right atrium except which?
The superior vena cava
The coronary sinus
The anterior cardiac vein
The inferior vena cava
The right pulmonary veins.
The conducting system of the heart is composed of the following structures except which?
The Purkinje plexus
The deep cardiac plexus
The sinuatrial node
The atrioventricular bundle
The atrioventricular node.
131.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
132.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
133.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
134.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
135.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
136.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
137.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
138.
In repairing a patent interventricular septum, a cardiac surgeon must beware of catching the stem of
the atrioventricular bundle in his stitches. The most dangerous area is _________ to the septal defect.
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
The atrioventricular bundle is not near the septal defect
All of the following structures are anterior to the pericardium except the:
Thymus
Sternal lymph nodes
Phrenic nerve
Internal thoracic artery
Transversus thoracis muscle
The only one of the following structures which lies in contact with the fibrous pericardium is the:
Azygos vein
Phrenic nerve
Thoracic sympathetic ganglia
Thoracic duct
Bodies of the thoracic vertebrae
An aneurysm (sac-like dilatation) on the ascending aorta also involves the anterior sinus. Which of
the following is anatomically unlikely?
Erosion into the pulmonary artery
Involvement of the right coronary artery
Rupture into the pericardium
Pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve causing hoarseness
Extension forward to erode the sternum
The right ventricle includes all of the structures listed below, except the:
Conus arteriosus pulmonaris
Aortic ostium
Trabeculae carneae
Anterior, septal and posterior papillary muscles
Crista supraventricularis
All of the following are closely applied to the anterior surface of the esophagus except the:
Trachea
Left bronchus
Pericardium
Diaphragm
All of these are closely applied to its anterior surface
The sternal angle serves as a landmark for locating the:
First rib
Second rib
Third rib
Fourth rib
None of the ribs
All of the following are useful surface landmarks for thoracic structures except the:
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
139.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
140.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
141.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
142.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
143.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
144.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
Sternal angle
Suprasternal notch
Nipple in the female
Anterior axillary fold
Xiphisternal junction
A stab wound with a two inch blade in the left fifth interspace close to the edge of the sternum would
most likely penetrate the:
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Liver
A stab wound just lateral to and at the level of the right nipple, passing six inches straight posteriorly
would penetrate all of the following except the:
Pectoralis major muscle
Pectoralis minor muscle
Right lobe of the liver
Middle lobe of the right lung
Lower lobe of the right lung
A perforating wound involving the pleural cavity is likely to result in a pneumothorax. The right
pleural sac could be punctured by a stab wound in any of the following places except the:
Ninth intercostal space – midaxillary line
Ninth intercostal space – midclavicular line
Level of the sternal angle at right border of the sternum
Ninth intercostal space – midscapular line
Anterior part of the posterior triangle of the neck an inch above the clavicle
A man was shot with a 22 caliber rifle. The bullet entered his chest through the right fourth
intercostal space in the midclavicular line and emerged at the inferior angle of his right scapula. He
can be expected to have:
Hemorrhage into his pericardium
Horner’s syndrome from injury to his right sympathetic chain
A traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta
Collapse of the right lung
Perforation of the diaphragm with injurry to the liver
A bullet entering the chest in the midline at the sternal angle and striking the disc between the fourt
and fifth thoracic vertebrae would be expected to perforate which of the following last?
The ascending aorta
The bifurcation of the trachea
The thymus
The esophagus
None of these would be perforated
The apex of the heart is located in the left:
Third interspace
Fourth interspace
Fifth interspace
Sixth interspace
E.
145.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
146.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
147.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
148.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
149.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
150.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
151.
None of these
If, during quiet breathing, you locate the inferior border of the right lung at the eighth rib in the
midaxillary line, the border is:
Two spaces lower than normal
One space lower than normal
In normal position
One space higher than normal
Two spaces higher than normal
During a sternal marrow puncture in the lower half of the manubrium the needle inadvertently was
inserted too far and produced 20 ml of blood. The source of the blood was probably the:
Aorta
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Azygos vein
Right atrium
A horizontal anteroposterior bullet wound at the left edge of the sternum in the fifth interspace would
most likely penetrate the:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
It would be unlikely to perforate any of these
A patient with a wound from a 22 caliber bullet in the tenth intercostal space in the right midaxillary
line was X-rayed and the bullet was found to have penetrated medially about two inch inches. It is
almost certain that the bullet was lodged in the:
Costophrenic recess
Right lung
Posterior mediastinum
Liver
Right atrium
A physician wishes to drain fluid from a pleural recess on the right side. With the patient in
maximum expiration he can place his needle at the lateral border of the erector spinae in the:
Eighth intercostal space
Ninth intercostal space
Eleventh intercostal space
Subcostal space
Cannot be done from behind
A horizontal anteroposterior bullet wound at the right edge of the sternum in the fifth interspace
would most likely penetrate the:
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
It would be unlikely to perforate any of these
A physician wishing to drain fluid from the pericardial cavity by approaching from the front must be
careful to avoid all but which one of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
152.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
153.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
154.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
155.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
156.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
157.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
158.
The pleura
The internal thoracic vessels
The intercostal vessels
The phrenic nerve
All of these are at risk and must be carefully avoided
All of the following are located partly or entirely above the level of the sternal angle (Louis) except
the:
Arch of the aorta
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Left brachiocephalic vein
Pulmonary valve
Remains of the thymus gland
All of the following are related to the sternal angle, except the:
Termination of the hemiazygos vein
Bifurcation of the trachea
Arch of the aorta
Attachment of the second rib to the sternum
Termination of the azygos vein
A chest X-ray of a one-year-old child shows a broad shadow occupying the superior mediastinum.
The child is free from any symptoms of disease. The shadow is probably that of:
His noncalcified sternum
His thymus
His congenitally abnormal heart
His double aortic arch
A tumor
All of the following structures are located in the superior mediastinum, except the:
Thymus
Aortic arch
Thoracic duct
Azygos vein
Esophagus
The density of the shadow of the superior mediastinum on a chest x-ray is determined by the size of
all but which one of the following structures in the normal adult?
The superior vena cava
The brachiocephalic artery
The left common carotid artery
The left subclavian artery
All of these contribute to the shadow
If the intercostal muscles are paralyzed, the most obvious effect which can be observed by a
physician in the living subject is that:
Breathing is impossible
Breathing is obviously extremely difficult
The intercostal spaces move in during inspiration
Movement of the liver in respiration is decreased
Expiration, but not inspiration, is impaired
The volume of the thorax is increased through the action of all of the following muscles except the:
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
159.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
160.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
161.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
162.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
163.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
164.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
External intercostals
Levator costarum
Diaphragm
Rectus abdominis
Serratus anterior
Inspiration is accomplished by all of the following except:
Elevation of the rib cage with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the thoracic cavity
Contraction of the diaphragm
The fact that the pleural cavities are completely closed and contain no air
Contraction of the abdominal wall musculature
Atmospheric pressure
All of the following muscles can be involved in respiratory movements except the:
Psoas major
Serratus anterior
Scalenus anterior
Subcostals
Transversus thoracis
In several clinical condition, patients use all the major and accessory muscles of respiration. Which
of the following is not a muscle of inspiration?
Pectoralis major
Scalenus anterior
Erector spinae
Serratus anterior
All of these can assist in inspiration
Which of the following muscles is not used in forced respiration?
Scalenus anterior
Sternomastoid
Rectus abdominis
Serratus anterior
All of these are used
In a case where the eleventh rib on the left side was fractured by a blow, what critical situation might
arise?
Torn diaphragm
Punctured pleura
Punctured spleen
Punctured kidney
All of these may arise
Which of the following structures is adjacent to the left lung?
The superior vena cava
The inferior vena cava
The arch of azygos vein
The right phrenic nerve
None of these
165.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
166.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
167.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
168.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
169.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
170.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
171.
A.
B.
C. *
If you were to open the right pleural cavity by a vartical incision parallel to the border of the sternum,
and slide your hand in dorsally between the mediastinal pleura and the medial surface of the lung
below the right pulmonary veins, you would be stopped by encountering the:
Vertebral column
Diaphragm
Pulmonary ligament
Thymus gland
Aorta
The two pleural cavities are in contact:
Behind the sternal angle
Above the aortic arch
Behind the left atrium
Underneath the aortic arch (“the aortic window”)
They are not in contact
The trachea bifurcates at the level of the _________ vertebral body:
Seventh cervical
Second thoracic
Fourth thoracic
Sixth thoracic
Eighth thoracic
If you were to explore the interval between the mediastinal pleura and the fibrous pericardium
anterior (ventral) to the root of the lung, the only one of the following structures you would expect to
encounter would be the:
Greater splanchnic nerve
Phrenic nerve
Inferior vena cava
Internal thoracic artery
Deep cardiac plexus
Which of the following structures is least likely to be involved in the local spread of a carcinoma of
the apex of the right lung?
The vagus nerve
The right phrenic nerve
The right sympathetic trunk
The first thoracic nerve to the brachial plexus
The thoracic duct
The right lung:
Is smaller than the left lung
Has a lingula which is homologous to the middle lobe of the left lung
Has an epiarterial bronchus
Has a cardiac notch in addition to an impression
Lies adjacent to the aorta near the hilus
In lung surgery which of the following may be of use as guide to distinguish the line of separation
between adjacent bronchopulmonary segments?
the pulmonary arteries and the bronchi
the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins
the pulmonary veins and the connective tissue septa
D.
E.
172.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
173.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
174.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
175.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
176.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
177.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
178.
A.
B.
the pulmonary arteries and the connective tissue septa
there is no line of separation, adjacent bronchopulmonary segments merely diffuse into one another
Diseases of the lungs sometimes lead to involvement of the structures in contact with them. Which of
the following structures is not adjacent to the right lung?
the superior vena cava
the inferior vena cava
the arch of azygos vein
the right phrenic nerve
all of these are adjacent to the right lung
Structures which are in contact with, and groove, the left lung include all of the following except the:
aortic arch
left subclavian artery
esophagus
inferior vena cava
all of these are in contact with the left lung
The mediastinal surface of the right lung presents impressions corresponding to all of the following
structures except the:
esophagus
right brachiocephalic vein
azygos vein
superior vena cava
all of these make impressions on the right lung
An infant is brought to you having “swallowed” an open safety pin. Respiratory distress suggests to
you that it may have entered the trachea. this is a dangerous situation because of the close
relationship between the trachea and all but which one of the following?
the arch of the aorta
the brachiocephalic artery
the esophagus
the superior vena cava
all of these are closely related
The thoracic duct:
is without valves
is thick walled
lies to the left of the aorta at the level of T8
lies deep to the lateral arcuate ligament
passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm
Which of the following lymph nodes are most likely to compress the left recurrent laryngeal nerve if
they become involved in malignant disease?
posterior thoracic
retrosternal
infraclavicular
tracheobronchial or paratracheal
broncho-pulmonary
The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the:
ascending aorta
descending aorta
C.
184.
superior epigastric artery
internal thoracic artery
lateral thoracic artery
The drainage of the superior vena cava includes blood from the:
second intercostals space
right quadratus lumborum
left lung
trachea
all of these
The vessels with the shortest intrathoracic course is the:
superior vena cava
ascending aorta
azygos vein
left brachiocephalic vein
inferior vena cava
The concavity of the arch of the aorta is in close or direct relationship with all of the following except
the:
right pulmonary artery
left bronchus
right superior pulmonary vein
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
ligamentum arteriosum
Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital constriction which usually occurs just distal to the
ligamentum arteriosum. Which of the following findings would you expect in such a case?
blood pressure unequal in the two arms
blood pressure higher in the right arm and leg than in the left arm and leg
blood pressure higher in the legs than in the arms
blood pressure higher in the arms than in the legs
blood pressure equal wherever taken
An aneurysm of the arch of the aorta could produce all of the following except:
hoarseness
sternal erosion
dullness to percussion in the second intercostals space on the left side of the sternum
dyspnoea (difficulty in breathing)
it could produce any or all of the above
Branches of the internal thoracic artery furnish blood supply to the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
185.
A.
B.
C. *
breast
pericardium
diaphragm
abdominal muscles
all are correct
The vagus nerve supplies fibers to each of the plexus below except the:
cardiac plexus
pharyngeal plexus
brachial plexus
D. *
E.
179.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
180.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
181.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
182.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
183.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
D.
E.
186.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
187.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
188.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
189.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
190.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
191.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
192.
A.
B. *
pulmonary plexus
esophageal plexus
From your knowledge of the sensory innervation of the pericardium, you might expect pain from the
pericardium to be referred to the area of skin which has the same segmental innervation. This is
predominantly the:
external auditory canal
side of the neck and upper shoulder
medial side of the arm and forearm
epigastrium
there is no sensory innervation of the pericardium
The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk becomes involved in many disease processes. To which
of the structures listed below is it not closely related?
the neck of the first rib
the second thoracic nerve
the posterior intercostals arteries
the esophagus
the parietal pleura
The heart receives parasympathetic innervation by way of the:
hypoglossal nerve
greater splanchnic nerve
phrenic nerve
superior cardiac nerves
vagus nerve
Which branch of which vagus nerve hooks around the aortic arch adjacent to the ligamentum
arteriosum?
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve
The left superior laryngeal nerve
The anterior vagal trunk
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve
The vagal cardiac branches
The nerve passing anterior to the root of the left lung is the:
Vagus nerve
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phrenic nerve
Sympathetic trunk
None of these is anterior to the lung root
The pain accompanying episodes of pleurisy arises from nerve endings in the:
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Pulmonary ligament
All of these
Surgical treatment of patient ductus arteriosus involves closure of the ductus. Of the following, the
structure nearest to the operative field is the:
Greater splanchnic nerve
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
C.
D.
E.
193.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
194.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
195.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
196.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
197.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
198.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
199.
A.
B.
Phrenic nerve
Sympathetic trunk
None of these is near the ductus arteriosus
Which of the following nerves is not related to the arch of the aorta?
The left vagus
The left cervical cardiac branches of the vagus
The left cervical cardiac branches of the sympathetic plexus
The left phrenic nerve
The left greater splanchnic nerve
A patient whom you believe to have a cancer of the lung because of the finding of cancer cells in the
sputum, complains of pain over the left shoulder. This would lead you to suspect invasion of the
mediastinum immediately:
Above the root of the left lung
Below the root of the left lung
Anterior to the root of the left lung
All of these
None of these
During unaccustomed exercise, pain may be produced in the diaphragm. The innervation of the
peripheral margin of the diaphragm from which this pain may be felt is by the:
Phrenic nerves
Intercostal nerves
Splanchnic nerves
Vagus nerves
All of these nerves
All of the following levels for opening in the diaphragm are correct except the:
Esophageal hiatus (T10)
Inferior vena cava (T12)
Aortic hiatus (T12)
Thoracic duct (T12)
All of these are true
The central tendon of the diaphragm is pierced by the:
Aorta
Right greater splanchnic nerve
Esophagus
Right vagus nerve
Inferior vena cava
Which of the following statements in regard to the diaphragm are true?
It has attachments to the sternum
It has attachments to the lower six ribs
It has attachments to the bodies to the first three lumbar vertebrae
The pericardium is fused to its superior surface
All of these are true
Which of the following are in contact with the diaphragm?
The middle lobe of the right lung
The lingula
C.
D.
E. *
200.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
The right ventricle
The left ventricle
All of these are in contact with the diaphragm
A horizontal stab wound with a short blade in the left second intercostal space close to the sternum is
most likely to injure the:
Aorta
Left brachiocephalic vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle