Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
By Peggy Kusi and Mercy Frimpong 1 Cancer is the loss of ability of the body’s cells to regulate controlled and orderly growth. Breast Cancer is the formation of abnormal cells in the breast tissue. Normal(left) cancerous 2 A health disparity is a health condition or disease that is higher for one group than the general population. What is a disparity? African American women have higher mortality rate than other women of different races. In other words African American women die more from breast cancer. Why is breast cancer a disparity? 3 “Studies suggest that this disparity is due to African American women being diagnosed with breast cancer at a later stage, and receiving treatment later after diagnosis” (http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/healthdisparities/what_cdc_ is_doing/aamm.htm) Black women are more likely to die from this cancer more than other races. Breast cancer is mostly common in White women but African Americans tend to die more from it more. Black women have a 37% higher death rate than white women. The five-year survival rate for breast cancer is 90% in white women and only 77% for black women. 4 Age Weight Diet and lifestyle Menstrual and Reproductive Family and personal history Nipple discharge Bone pain Breast pain and discomfort Skin ulcers Swelling of the arm with the side of the developing cancer Weight loss 5 stage Size of tumor Lymph nodes have cancer Metastases 0 In situ No No I <2cm No No IIA 2 to 5cm Possible No IIB 2 to 5 cm >5cm Yes No No IIIA >5 cm but hasn’t reached the chest wall Yes No IIIB >5cm and may have reached the chest wall or skin Yes No IV Any size Yes Yes 6 7 8 Mammogram Ultrasound Fine-needle aspiration Core needle biopsy Fine-needle aspiration Excisional biopsy Incisional biopsy 9 The graph shows that White women have a higher screening percentage than Black, Asian, Hispanic. 10 Female Breast Cancer Mortality Rates by Race and Ethnicity in Massachusetts:2003-2005 √ The graph shows the mortality rate √ In African Americans/Black of female breast cancer. 11 12 Lack of medical coverage Barriers to early detection and screening Unequal access to improvements in cancer treatment may contribute to the survival rate between African American women and White women. 13 Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Surgery to remove the tumor from the affected site 14 Eating a healthy diet Losing extra weight Regular exercise Reducing alcohol use Quitting smoking 15 Increasing knowledge about breast cancer and mammography. Increasing awareness Increasing awareness of the low or no-cost mammogram services. Increasing the number of women who get a mammogram. 16 17 In conclusion African American women have a higher mortality rate than the general population mainly because of late prognosis Ways to help the African American community is to educate to community about the awareness of breast cancer and the importance of examinations. 18 http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/nbccedp/data/sum maries/massachusetts.htm http://www.statehealthfacts.org/ http://www.mass.gov/dph/masschip http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/AboutBreast-Cancer/Stages.aspx http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19320967 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/ disparities/cancer-health-disparities http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/de tailedguide/breast-cancer-what-is-breast-cancer 19 http://komen.healthology.com/breastcancer/article3490.htm http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/healthdisparities/w hat_cdc_is_doing/aamm.htm http://fbhc.org/Patients/BetterHealth/BreastCa ncer/home.html http://www.bestiary.com/ibc/ http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/genetics/sect2d. htm http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/bre astcancer.htm 20