Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Infection control wikipedia , lookup
Vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Sociality and disease transmission wikipedia , lookup
Autoimmunity wikipedia , lookup
Eradication of infectious diseases wikipedia , lookup
Neglected tropical diseases wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASE REPORTING: ENSURING TRANSPARENCY Dr Karim Ben Jebara Head Animal Health Information Department OIE TOPICS • INTRODUCTION • LEGAL OBLIGATIONS • GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE SYSTEM IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION SIX-MONTHLY REPORTS ANNUAL REPORTS • WAHIS, WAHID AND WAHIS version 2 • TRACKING OF UNOFFICIAL DISEASE INFORMATION • OIE REGIONAL CORE (e.g. OIE/NACA) • TRANSPARENCY INTRODUCTION • Since 1924 • 178 Members • Objectives: • Transparency of the animal disease situation worldwide • Scientific information to help Member Countries to improve the methods used to control and eradicate diseases • Safety of international trade of animals and animal products • International support to developing countries and the role played by Veterinary Services • Food safety and animal welfare LEGAL OBLIGATIONS • Since its creation in 1924, both the OIE and its Members have unconditional duties to disclose all relevant information on animal diseases The OIE Organic Statutes (since 1924) The OIE Codes (updated annually) LEGAL OBLIGATIONS OIE Organic Statutes • Article 4: OIE task is the collection of all facts and documents about the spread of diseases, their control measures and their notification to the government or veterinary authorities • Article 5: OIE Members shall send to the OIE HQ notification of occurrence of animal diseases • Article 9: OIE is required to inform its Members automatically, on any information collected by the OIE, via bulletin or special notification. In urgent situations this information must be provided immediately LEGAL OBLIGATIONS The OIE Codes • Chapter 1.1 of the OIE’s Terrestrial and Aquatic Codes • “Notification of Diseases and Epidemiological Information” • Article 1.1.2 in the two Codes: “Members shall make available to other Members, through the OIE, whatever information is necessary to minimise the spread of important animal diseases and to assist in achieving better worldwide control of these diseases. OIE’S LIST OF DISEASES Chapter 1.3. of the Aquatic Code Changes to the list enter into force the 1st of January following the adoption of the amended Chapter (Resolution XXIX adopted on 25 May 2005) OIE’S LIST OF DISEASES Listing criteria Significant production losses Likely to negatively affect wild aquatic animal populations OR OR The agent is of public health concern AND Infectious aetiology proven OR An infectious agent is strongly associated with the disease, but the aetiology is not yet known AND Potential for international spread AND Several countries or zones may be declared free of the disease AND A repeatable and robust means of detection/diagnosis exists Inclusion of the disease in the list Article 1.2.1. OIE’S LIST OF DISEASES Listing criteria - emerging disease Infectious aetiology of the disease is proven OR An infectious agent strongly associated with the disease, but the aetiology is not yet known AND The agent is of public health concern OR Significant spread in naive populations of wild or cultured aquatic animals Inclusion of the disease in the list Article 1.2.2. WHAT DOES NOTIFICATION MEAN? Means the procedure by which: - Veterinary Authority informs OIE Headquarters - OIE Headquarters informs Veterinary Authorities of the occurrence of an outbreak of disease or infection according to the provisions of the Chapters 1.1. of OIE’s Codes Each Veterinary Authority OIE Headquarters All Members’ Veterinary Authorities GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE SYSTEM Immediate notifications and Follows-ups OIE’s early warning system International alert messages Rapid response Regular information through six-monthly and annual reports OIE’s monitoring system To monitor OIE Listed diseases (presence or absence) over time TYPES OF REPORTS Immediate notification of disease, infection or unusual epidemiological events Weekly reports: Follow-ups to the immediate notification early warning Final report : - if the outbreaks have ended - if the situation becomes endemic Six-monthly report Annual report monitoring IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATIONS OIE’S EARLY WARNING SYSTEM Immediate notification Follow-up report within 24 hours weekly report Follow-up to the immediate notification to inform on changes in the epidemiological situation Final report REASONS FOR IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION WITHIN 24 HOURS • the first occurrence of a listed disease and/or infection in a country or zone/compartment • the re-occurrence of a listed disease and/or infection in a country or zone/compartment REASONS FOR IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION WITHIN 24 HOURS • for diseases listed by the OIE, if the disease has occurred in a new host species; or • for diseases listed by the OIE, if the disease has occurred with a new pathogen strain or in a new disease manifestation; or REASONS FOR IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATION WITHIN 24 HOURS • for diseases listed by the OIE, if the disease has a newly recognised zoonotic potential; or • for diseases not listed by the OIE, if there is a case of an emerging disease or pathogenic agent should there be findings that are of epidemiological significance to other countries. SINCE 2005 SPECIFIC NEW IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATON/FOLLOWUP REPORTING FORMS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO COLLECT DATA FOR AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASES OIE IMMEDIATE NOTIFICATIONS IN distributed by the OIE 2005-2010 250 200 150 100 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 SIX-MONTHLY REPORTS OIE’S MONITORING SYSTEM Six-monthly report on the absence or presence of listed diseases Part 1: Qualitative information • disease occurrence; • control, prophylaxis and prevention measures; • indication of the type of template to use to notify diseases or infections/infestations present in the country (=> part 2). OIE’S MONITORING SYSTEM Six-monthly report on the absence or presence of OIE listed diseases Part 2: Quantitative information • • • • Template 1: By first administrative division and by month; Template 2: For the whole country by month; Template 3: By first administrative division for the six months period; Template 4: For the whole country for the six-months period. SINCE 2005 MONTHLY INFORMATION CAN BE PROVIDED FOR AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASES ANNUAL REPORTS OIE’S MONITORING SYSTEM Annual report The sum of information of the tow six-monthly reports of a given year and: • Non OIE-listed diseases; • Human resources in Veterinary Services; • National Reference Laboratories; • Animal population/production for aquatic animals (by first administrative division); • Zoonoses (human cases and deaths); • Production of vaccines. WORLD ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM (WAHIS) WAHIS, is the new OIE’s world animal health information system. An access (login, password) is given to each Delegate. He/she has the possibility to create an access to his/her nominees. Address: www.oie.int/wahis PUBLIC INTERFACE: WAHID http://www.oie.int/wahid WORLD ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION DATABASE (WAHID) The international community can explore available information: • by country (or group of countries), regions • by disease, • focusing on control measures WORLD ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION DATABASE (WAHID) WORLD ANIMAL HEALTH INFORMATION DATABASE (WAHID) WAHID differentiates outbreaks between domestic and wild species Example: Epizootic ulcerative syndrome South Africa December 2010 First occurrence of a listed disease NEW VERSION OF WAHIS – WAHIS 2 SCREENSHOT SOME NEW FUNCTIONALITIES OF WAHIS 2 • Differentiated registration and display for the occurrence code when relevant between domestic and wild animals (already implemented starting from 2009) • Two completely separate six-monthly reports one for terrestrial and one for aquatic animals (Members can provide available information without blocking the submission process) • Improvement of the management of periodicity of reporting diseases within the sixmonthly period (for an on-going six-month period): send monthly information for a selected number of diseases that are known to be present, which could be validated and made public on monthly basis, without submitting the whole report (the rest of the report will be completed at the end of the period) TRACKING AND VERIFICATION OF UNOFFICIAL INFORMATION * An average of 2 IN related to an aquatic animal disease are obtained each year thanks to this activity. *2011 up to 30/05/2011 TRACKING AND VERIFICATION OF UNOFFICIAL INFORMATION six-monthly reports tracking results for aquatic animal diseases in 2010 Disease Crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci) Epizootic ulcerative syndrome Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaris) Infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection with Bonamia exitiosa Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia answer yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes • In 2010, a verification of information on aquatic animal diseases was requested from 11 countries, all of them have answered; • Most of the countries accepted to modify their six‐monthly reports according to the OIE brought evidence of the occurrence or suspected occurrence of certain aquatic animal diseases; • One verified information has led to an immediate notification. WAHIS - REGIONAL CORE • The OIE Regional Core strategy: to help OIE Members meet their regional requirements and their obligations to notify diseases to the OIE, while avoiding duplication and discrepancies. • For aquatic animal diseases, the OIE has signed an agreement with the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA). • The development of this Regional Core has been included as a component of the Development of WAHIS 2 and tests are in the final stage. WAHIS 2- Administrator: RC creation Possibility to add a Regional programme The level of details are outbreak by outbreak or by month WAHIS 2 Administrator Version – RC - countries participating Possibility to add countries participating to a regional programme WAHIS 2 Administrator Version - RC - diseases of interest Possibility to add diseases of interest to a region OIE/NACA - WAHIS - REGIONAL CORE Data Transfer for OIE/NACA Database of OIE/NACA WAHIS Regional Core (specific tables) Monthly reports Transfer of data on OIE-listed diseases (and OIE validation) Extraction of data on non OIE-listed diseases Extraction of data on OIE-listed disease Regional Websites: OIE Asia- Pacific & NACA OIE/NACA WAHIS Interfaces OIE WAHIS Database OIE Website WAHID Interface TRANSPARENCY In 2010, 191 IN were made by Members including 13 on an aquatic animal disease Aquatic IN received in 2010 3 2 1 0 TRANSPARENCY World Animal Health Coverage by WAHIS for Terrestrial and Aquatic Animal Diseases in 2009 170 Members provided an annual animal health report, 68% from them where for terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases. TRANSPARENCY World Animal Health Coverage by WAHIS for Terrestrial and Aquatic Animal Diseases in 2010 150 Members provided an annual animal health report, 78.7% from them where for terrestrial and aquatic animal diseases (updated up to 23 June 2011) Conclusions • The establishment of a single list of diseases by the OIE since 2005 has benefited for aquatic animal diseases since specific forms were designed for Immediate notification and follow-up reports and are in place; • Monthly information on aquatic animal diseases could be provided since 2005 compared to annual information without geographical location that were given for former List B diseases, in which all aquatic animal diseases were included; • There is an increase in the worldwide coverage of animal health situation on aquatic animal diseases/health, as shown by the number of immediate notifications and annual animal health reports on OIE-listed aquatic animal diseases; • The establishment of OIE/NACA WAHIS Regional Core will avoid duplication of data processing by participating Members, and improve the quality of animal health information provided by Members of this region, which will benefit to increase the worldwide coverage of animal health information on aquatic animal diseases of WAHID. Thank you! Have you subscribed to the OIE-Info distribution list? If not, you can do it from the OIE website: http://www.oie.int/ You can choose to receive alert messages on aquatic animal diseases only