Download 8th Grade End of Year Study Exam Study Guide

8th Grade End of Year Study Exam Study Guide
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____
1. The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the lower its energy. _________________________
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2. Oil will float on water because oil is less dense than water. _________________________
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3. A description of an object based on what you observe with your senses includes physical properties.
_________________________
____
4. Density is an example of a characteristic property. _________________________
____
5. The ability of a match to burn is an example of a chemical change. _________________________
____
6. The hertz is the unit to measure the intensity of a sound. _________________________
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7. Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space. _________________________
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8. Microwaves are used for cooking. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
9. Matter that has the same composition and properties throughout is called a(n) ____.
a. substance
c. atom
b. mixture
d. isotope
____ 10. How many atoms of calcium are in a unit of calcium phosphate whose formula is Ca3(PO4)2?
a. one
c. three
b. two
d. four
____ 11. When Rutherford performed his metal foil experiment, he was surprised that most of the alpha particles ____.
a. were deflected by the foil
c. were absorbed by the foil
b. bounced back from the foil
d. passed straight through the foil
____ 12. The millions of compounds that exist are made from approximately ____ elements.
a. 50
c. 115
b. 75
d. 150
____ 13. Most of the mass of an atom is found in its ____.
a. nucleus
c. atomic number
b. electron cloud
d. mass number
____ 14. Vegetable soup is an example of a ____.
a. homogeneous mixture
b. heterogeneous mixture
c. compound
d. pure substance
____ 15. When someone stirs cocoa powder into hot water or hot milk, the cocoa changes from a ____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
homogeneous mixture into a compound
homogeneous mixture into a non-uniform mixture
compound into a heterogeneous mixture
heterogeneous mixture into a homogeneous mixture
____ 16. ____ has mass and takes up space.
a. Thought
b. Light
c. Air
d. Emotion
____ 17. The ____ is a unit of force.
a. pascal
b. atmosphere
c. newton
d. kilopascal
____ 18. As a sample of matter is cooled, which property of its particles increases?
a. average kinetic energy
c. buoyancy
b. pressure
d. cohesive forces
____ 19. Kinetic energy is the ____ of motion.
a. temperature
b. energy
c. heat
d. state
____ 20. Which of these objects is least like a crystalline solid?
a. a pillowcase full of Halloween candy
c. a checkerboard
b. a spider web
d. a chain-link fence
____ 21. The following are examples of physical properties EXCEPT ____.
a. density
c. color
b. shape
d. ability to react with oxygen
____ 22. Density is an example of a ____.
a. chemical property
b. chemical change
c. physical property
d. physical change
____ 23. Density is equal to ____.
a. volume times mass
b. mass times volume
c. volume divided by mass
d. mass divided by volume
____ 24. A neutral sample has a pH ____.
a. between 0 and 7
b. between 7 and 14
c. of exactly 7
d. of exactly 0
____ 25. The particles that make up an atom are ____.
a. electrons, protons, and nuclei
b. elements, protons, and electrons
c. protons, neutrons, and nuclei
d. protons, neutrons, and electrons
____ 26. The energy levels of an atom are occupied by ____.
a. electrons
c. neutrons
b. protons
d. ions
____ 27. The maximum number of electrons in the second energy level of an atom is ____.
a. two
c. eight
b. four
d. ten
____ 28. In the compound, H2O, the electrons in the bonds are unequally shared between oxygen and hydrogen,
forming ____.
a. cations
c. nonpolar molecules
b. ionic bonds
d. polar bonds
____ 29. Alkali metals tend to lose one electron per atom in forming bonds. What family of elements will form ionic
bonds with alkali metals, in a 2-to-1 ratio, alkali metal to other element?
a. alkaline earth elements
c. halogens
b. oxygen family
d. noble gases
____ 30. What is the group number for elements that have a stable number of electrons in their outer energy level?
a. 18
c. 2
b. 17
d. 1
____ 31. What is the name given to the units that make up covalently bonded compounds?
a. molecules
c. electrons
b. ions
d. energy levels
____ 32. Which of the following statements about the atom is false?
a. Each atom has a tiny nucleus at its center.
b. All the protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus.
c. Electrons travel in definite circular pathways around the nucleus.
d. All atomic nuclei are positively charged.
____ 33. Which of the following changes is chemical rather than physical?
a. Water is boiled.
c. Glass is shattered.
b. Aluminum foil is crumpled.
d. Wood is burned.
____ 34. According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction
compare to the mass of the reactants?
a. There is no relationship.
b. The mass of products is sometimes greater.
c. The mass of reactants is greater.
d. The masses are always equal.
____ 35. Which chemical equation is balanced?
a. Na + O2  Na2O
b. 2Na2 + O2  2Na2O
c. 2Na + 2O2  2Na2O
d. 4Na + O2  2Na2O
____ 36. The substance being dissolved to form a solution is the ____.
a. solvent
c. precipitate
b. solute
d. mixture
____ 37. The atmosphere of Earth is an example of a ____ solution.
a. liquid-liquid
c. gas-gas
b. gas-liquid
d. solid-liquid
____ 38. A solution that contains all the solute it can hold under the given conditions is ____.
a. saturated
c. dilute
b. unsaturated
d. supersaturated
____ 39. Which of the following will cause a greater amount of oxygen to dissolve in 100 g of water?
a. Heat the water.
b. Decrease the oxygen gas pressure.
c. Increase the oxygen gas pressure.
d. all of the above
____ 40. Which of the following mixtures is NOT an example of a substance?
a. drinking water
c. brass
b. air
d. pizza
____ 41. Stainless steel is an example of a ____ solution.
a. liquid-solid
c. solid-solid
b. solid-liquid
d. gas-solid
____ 42. How does a solution with a pH of 2 compare to a solution with a pH of 1?
a. The pH 2 solution is two times more acidic than that with a pH of 1.
b. The pH 1 solution is ten times more acidic than that with a pH of 2.
c. The pH 1 solution is two times more basic than that with a pH of 2.
d. The pH 2 solution is ten times more acidic than that with a pH of 1.
____ 43. Tsunamis have a large amount of energy because of their large ____.
a. wavelength
c. frequency
b. amplitude
d. diffraction
____ 44. Which one of the following determines the color of a light wave?
a. amplitude only
c. wavelength and frequency
b. wavelength and amplitude
d. interference patterns
____ 45. A place where molecules are far apart is a ____.
a. refraction
c. rarefaction
b. reflection
d. compression
____ 46. The speed of sound through air is about ____.
a. 340 m/s
c. 3,000,000 m/s
b. 2,000,000 m/s
d. 3,000,000 m/hour
____ 47. In which one of the following cases will refraction occur?
a. light traveling from air to glass
b. light reflecting off of a mirror
c. light bending around the corner of a door
d. green light interfering with blue light
____ 48. To produce sound, an object must be ____.
a. moving toward the listener
b. heated
c. in a gas
d. vibrating
____ 49. You produce speech by vibration of the ____.
a. lips
c. skin
b. vocal cords
d. throat bones
____ 50. ____ is the human perception of the energy a wave carries.
a. Loudness
c. Wavelength
b. Pitch
d. Amplitude
____ 51. Hearing damage begins to occur at sound levels of about ____ decibels.
a. 50
c. 98
b. 85
d. 110
____ 52. ____ are used for medical imaging.
a. Ultraviolet waves
b. Infrared ways
c. X rays
d. Gamma rays
____ 53. Television uses ____ to transmit signals.
a. microwaves
b. radio waves
c. ultraviolet waves
d. inferred waves
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 54. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons.
____ 55. Most of an atom is empty space.
____ 56. The energy of an electron varies depending upon which energy level that electron occupies.
____ 57. According to the law of conservation of mass, three atoms of calcium can react to produce six atoms of
calcium.
____ 58. A chemical reaction in which more energy is absorbed than is released is endothermic.
____ 59. All chemical reactions occur at the same rate.
____ 60. Exothermic reactions do not require any activation energy.
____ 61. A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
____ 62. Solutes can be separated from the their solvents by physical means.
____ 63. All aqueous solutions contain water.
____ 64. Indicators can be used to find out how acidic or basic a solution is.
____ 65. A solution is neutral if it has more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions.
____ 66. An antacid has a pH greater than seven.
____ 67. Acids give soaps their useful properties.
____ 68. Water waves can move a piece of cork floating on top of the water only in an up and down motion.
____ 69. In general, the more energy a wave has the greater its amplitude.
____ 70. Refraction occurs when the amplitude of a wave changes as it goes from one medium to another.