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FORENSICS STUDY GUIDE 1ST SEMESTER 2013 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Fingerprints & firearms are classified as what type of evidence? a. biological b. physical c. miscellaneous d. chemical ____ 2. In dealing with firearms evidence, you can pick the gun by the barrel using a pencil or other object. a. true b. false ____ 3. What percent of the population have plain whorls? a. 5 b. 24 c. 35 d. 2 ____ 4. Which of the following is not a duty of the first officer on the scene? a. note any changes to the scene b. detain and separate witnesses c. Assist the victim ____ ____ 5. Which of the following must you prove that a crime occurred? a. Quid Pro Quo b. Modus Operandi c. E Pluribus Unum d. analyze the evidence d. Corpus Delecti 6. Criminalistics is a. studies the crime for motive b. the scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes. interpret the evidence d. both (a) and (b) ____ 7. Digitized DNA results can be entered into the a. USPS b. IBIN c. CODIS d. IAFIS ____ 8. In order to determine if two hair samples match, you must have a hair from a known person. a. true b. false ____ 9. In dealing with firearms evidence, rifles and shotguns should be taken apart to fit in the containers. a. true b. false ____ 10. Seminal stains should be placed in plastic containers. a. true b. false ____ 11. Dactyloscopy is the study of a. people who pick their nose ____ b. fingerprints c. toeprints c. studies the crime to d. people who bite their nails 12. Which search method is illustrated below? a. wheel b. spiral c. grid d. line ____ 13. Choose the category that best matches the detail: remember that our brains tend to fill in gaps in our perceptions a. turn off filters b. document, document, document c. collect information first, interpret data later d. observe systematically ____ 14. Which of the following signifies a fork in the ridge line of a print? a. Island b. Dot c. Ending ridge d. Bifurcation ____ 15. As opposed to a regular witness, an expert witness can give their a. experience b. name c. background d. opinion ____ 16. Which of the following is not used in collecting trace evidence? a. vacuuming b. dusting c. tape lifts d. hand picking ____ 17. The majority of evidence being analyzed by crime labs is related to a. forgery b. drugs c. mail fraud d. child pornography ____ 18. A list of evidence and tests to be done is called a(n) a. test and evidence list b. chain of custody c. evidence submission form d. case form ____ 19. What is the fourth step in how information is processed in our brain? a. perception b. short term memory c. long term memory d. what we pay attention to ____ 20. What percent of the population have a tented arch? a. 2 b. 5 c. 1 d. 4 ____ 21. Which of the following involves reporting & presenting. a. reconstruction b. identification c. individualization e. information from our senses d. recognition ____ 22. In dealing with sex offense cases, the victim can be examined by female police officer or a physician. a. true b. false ____ 23. Who stated the principle “Every contact leaves a trace”? a. Sherlock Holmes b. Leone Lattes c. Hans Gross d. Edmond Locard ____ 24. A secondary duty of the forensic scientist is to provide a. training for lawyers b. expert witness testimony c. motive d. moral support ____ 25. What type of fingerprint develop reacts with water and other fingerprint constituents to form a hard, whitish deposit. a. iodine b. powders c. silver nitrate d. ninhydrin e. super glue ____ 26. Fibers and threads should be placed directly into a mailing envelope. a. true b. false ____ 27. You can use your fingers or tweezers to recover hair specimens. a. true b. false ____ 28. In dealing with controlled substances, prescribed medical drugs should be left in their original container. a. true b. false ____ 29. Choose the term that goes with the following definition: what a person perceives using his or her senses a. deductive reasoning b. logical c. perception d. observation ____ 30. Ridge characteristics can be found in a. fingerprints b. palm prints c. footprints d. all of the above ____ 31. The main forensic laboratory in the United States is located at the a. FBI b. SS c. USPS d. ATF ____ 32. In dealing with tool marks, one should never try to fit tools into questioned tool marks a. true b. false ____ 33. The most common type of fingerprint pattern is the a. loop b. whorl c. delta d. arch ____ 34. How many deltas must a whorl have? a. two b. one c. three d. four ____ 35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of both Forensic Science and all other sciences? a. Competence b. Integrity c. Defensible Technique d. Unreliable methods ____ 36. Eyewitness accounts do not vary due to one’s personal beliefs. a. true b. false ____ 37. Small samples of soil, wood, or cloth should be placed in clean metal cans and sealed immediately. a. true b. false ____ 38. The Innocence Project is an organization that seeks to get convicted killers out of prison. a. true b. false ____ 39. Ink analysis is an expertise of the laboratories at the a. USPS b. ATF c. FBI d. SS ____ 40. In dealing with hair samples, the part of the body from which the hair originated can be always be determined. a. true b. false ____ 41. Gunpowder & ink are classified as what type of evidence? a. chemical b. miscellaneous c. physical d. biological ____ 42. Testimonial evidence is considered _________ evidence. a. Corpus Delecti b. Modus Operandi c. Quid Pro Quo d. Prima Facie ____ 43. Physicists use which of the following to analyze accident scenes? a. Newton’s laws b. conservation of energy c. skid marks d. all of the answer choices ____ 44. This individual developed primary classification scheme based on loops, arches & whorls. a. Henry Faulds b. Juan Vucetich c. Francis Galton d. William Herschel ____ 45. The section of the laboratory that would be responsible for determining the DNA profile of an individual would be the: a. Firearm and Toolmark section ____ b. Biological Section c. Chemical Section 46. Who is known as the father of forensic science? a. Paul Kirk b. Edmond Locard c. Alphonse Bertillon d. Questioned Document Section d. J. Edgar Hoover ____ 47. Choose the term that goes with the following definition: a person who has seen someone or something and can communicate these facts. a. fact b. opinion c. forensic d. eyewitness ____ 48. This individual required Indians put to put their fingerprints on contracts. a. William Herschel b. Juan Vucetich c. Henry Faulds d. Francis Galton ____ 49. The first police crime lab in the U.S. was in a. Evanston, IL b. Los Angeles, CA c. Philadelphia, PA d. Washington, D.C. ____ 50. In dealing with firearms evidence, never submit a loaded gun to the laboratory. a. true b. false ____ 51. Which of the following is not considered conditional evidence? a. the odor of cigar smoke b. is useful in determining a set of circumstances within a particular event specific event d. evidence that is important in crime scene reconstruction ____ c. evidence produced by a 52. Choose the category that best matches the detail: more information yields better interpretations a. document, document, document b. collect information first, interpret data later c. observe systematically d. turn off filters ____ 53. Choose the term that goes with the following definition: relating to the application of scientific knowledge to legal questions a. deductive reasoning b. logical c. perception d. forensic ____ 54. Which of the following do lawyers and forensic scientists have in common? a. legal & financial obligations b. moral & financial obligations. c. legal & moral obligations d. none of the answer choices ____ 55. Large glass fragments should be wrapped in cotton or tissue to prevent breakage. a. true b. false ____ 56. In dealing with firearms evidence, one should clean the bullets before submitting them to the laboratory. a. true b. false ____ 57. What percent of the population have double loops? a. 4 b. 24 c. 2 d. 5 ____ 58. The most important factor in a crime scene investigation is a. establishing credibility of a witness b. if the physical evidence provides a lead. identification of unknown substances. c. linking suspects to a crime. ____ 59. What type of fingerprint develop produces a temporary yellow brown reaction. a. ninhydrin b. silver nitrate c. iodine d. super glue e. powders ____ 60. Eyewitness accounts do not vary due to stress. a. true b. false ____ 61. When collecting flammable fluids, volatile liquids should be placed into a plastic container. a. true b. false ____ 62. Which of the following is not considered pattern evidence? a. Modus Operandi b. tire marks c. broken glass d. fire burn pattern ____ 63. Which search method is illustrated below? d. the a. grid ____ b. zone c. wheel d. line 64. Which section of the laboratory would examine a watermark on a piece of paper? a. Questioned documents b. Biological c. Chemical d. Trace ____ 65. Which of the following does the USPS not investigate? a. mail fraud b. letter bombs c. alcohol d. identity theft ____ 66. Choose the term that goes with the following definition: the ability to identify a concept or problem, to isolate its components parts, to organize information for decision making, to establish criteria for evaluation, & to draw appropriate conclusions a. analytical skills b. deductive reasoning c. logical d. perception ____ 67. The case that decided what evidence is allowed in court depends on what is "generally accepted" by the relevant scientific community was a. Dow v State of Michigan b. Frye v Daubert c. Frye v United States d. none of the answer choices ____ 68. The following print would be classified as a _________________. a. plain whorl ____ b. loop c. plain arch d. double loop e. accidental f. tented arch g. central pocket 69. The section of the laboratory that would analyze a blood sample for the presence of drugs or alcohol would be: a. Latent Prints b. Trace c. DNA d. Toxicology ____ 70. If a forensic scientist can piece together broken pieces of glass from a bottle that was used as a weapon, it has a. identification characteristics b. class characteristics c. individual characteristics d. comparative characteristics ____ 71. In dealing with latent fingerprints, most fingerprints will be on glass, paper, metal or other rough surface objects. a. true b. false ____ 72. Which federal rule of evidence relates to actually proving something? a. probative b. material c. both (a) and (b) d. none of the answer choices ____ 73. The Secret Service was originally formed to a. provide security for foreign nationals b. combat counterfeiting c. protect the president d. to combat aliens ____ 74. You should always wash and dry your knife between each bloodstain recovery a. true b. false ____ 75. The beginning point for obtaining evidence which will be used by the ____________ & the ___________. a. crime scene investigator, medical examiner b. crime scene investigator, forensic expert c. forensic expert, defense attorney d. crime scene investigator, defense attorney ____ 76. To collect hairs from a suspect, the suspect should massage or rub their hands through their hair over a clean sheet of paper. a. true b. false ____ 77. Liquid bloodstain samples should be frozen and used within 48 hours. a. true b. false ____ 78. The court case of Daubert vs Merrell Dow, changed the standard of admission of scientific evidence. The case occurred in the a. 1950's b. 1920's c. 1990's d. 1970's ____ 79. What is used by forensic scientists to connect the crime scene, the victim, & the criminal? a. interrogation b. eyewitnesses c. testimony d. physical evidence ____ 80. There are two preservation methods for collecting a blood sample during an autopsy. a. true b. false ____ 81. When collecting a saliva sample, you can use a plastic container. a. true b. false ____ 82. Choose the term that goes with the following definition: interpreting information received from the senses a. perception b. deductive reasoning c. opinion d. logical ____ 83. Which search method is illustrated below? a. grid b. zone c. line d. wheel ____ 84. Which of the following examples is not considered to be a part of body evidence? a. the position of the body b. blood spatter c. the type of wound d. rigor mortis ____ 85. Forensic scientists are a. can not tell the difference between independent and dependent facts of fact. d. all of the answer choices b. are dependent finders of fact ____ 86. If we remember seeing something happen, we can trust that it happened just as we think it did. a. true b. false ____ 87. Which evidence characteristic can identify a single source? a. class b. individual ____ 88. Fibers and threads can be found in hit and run vehicles. a. true b. false ____ 89. In a hit and run, if paint is found, it will at least show the color of the part responsible. a. true b. false ____ 90. What would be the best way of visualizing a print found on a matchbook? a. dusting and lifting b. it would not be possible to visualize a print on a matchbook ____ 91. When collecting glass evidence, shoes and clothes should be wrapped in paper. a. true b. false ____ 92. The majority of the evidence sent to the chemistry unit is/are a. body fluids. b. involves ink identification c. drug related ____ c. superglue fuming d. carpet fibers 93. What type of minutiae is illustrated below? a. dot b. bridge c. island c. are independent finders d. spur ____ 94. Drug evidence is an expertise of the laboratories at the a. ATF b. FBI c. DEA d. USPS ____ 95. In dealing with firearms evidence, photographs of the gunshot pattern is usually sufficient. a. true b. false ____ 96. What gland secretes fatty or greasy substances? a. apocrine b. eccrine c. sebaceous d. thyroid d. ninhydrin ____ 97. The ________ loop opens up toward the thumb. a. ulnar b. femur c. scapula d. radial ____ 98. Counterfeit money evidence is analyzed by which unit? a. photography b. firearms c. questioned documents ____ d. fingerprints 99. A fingerprint left on a metal surface is composed mostly of a. organic compounds b. amino acids c. water d. salt ____ 100. Which of the following does NOT apply to Daubert v Dow? a. whether rate of error is acceptable. b. judge decides if evidence can be entered into trial. c. scientific evidence is allowed in courtroom if it is generally accepted by the scientific community. d. whether the theory can be tested. ____ 101. In dealing with firearms evidence, gunshot residue is extremely fragile evidence. a. true b. false ____ 102. Forensic scientists may examine evidence concerning a. civil cases b. both civil and criminal cases c. criminal cases d. none of the answer choices ____ 103. In dealing with latent fingerprints, fingerprints on paper or documents should be placed individually in cellophane or manilla envelopes. a. true b. false ____ 104. Shoeprints & typewriting are classified as what type of evidence? a. chemical b. biological c. physical d. miscellaneous ____ 105. A brain requiring an alcohol level analysis would be sent to which of the following units? a. physics b. biosciences c. chemical d. toxicology ____ 106. The __________ unit can analyze ink, handwriting and obliterations. a. toxicology b. chemistry c. trace evidence d. questioned documents ____ 107. Three types of fingerprints were discussed in class. Which of the following is not a type of fingerprint? a. impression b. characteristic c. visible d. latent ____ 108. Cartridge case evidence is analyzed by which unit? a. firearms b. photography c. fingerprints d. questioned documents ____ 109. Evidence is defined as: a. Information gathered that satisfies the Federal and State rules of evidence b. Any materials gathered from a crime scene c. Information only used by prosecution to convict a guilty person d. A and C e. A, B and C ____ 110. A gas chromatography mass spectrometer would be most likely found in which unit? a. chemical b. physics c. biosciences d. toxicology ____ 111. Arson evidence is an expertise of the laboratories at the a. FBI b. USPS c. ATF d. DEA ____ 112. When obtaining samples for comparison, you should collect all layers down to the metal. a. true b. false ____ 113. In dealing with latent fingerprints, lifted or developed fingerprints should be marked and sealed in an envelope. a. true b. false ____ 114. Which search method is most effective in houses or buildings? a. zone b. spiral c. grid d. strip ____ 115. In dealing with seminal stains, undergarments can be placed in the same bag. a. true b. false ____ 116. In dealing with firearms evidence, one can fire the weapon before it is sent to the laboratory. a. true b. false ____ 117. In dealing with controlled substances, each sample recovered should be placed in a paper container. a. true b. false ____ 118. Dusting is a technique used by which unit? a. chemical b. firearms c. fingerprints d. toxicology ____ 119. Small glass samples should be placed into plastic containers first. a. true b. false ____ 120. What type of minutiae is illustrated below? a. bridge ____ b. spur c. island d. dot 121. Evidence is a. anything found at a crime scene. b. anything that tends to establish or disprove a fact. d. something that can only be determined by the arresting officer. ____ 122. In dealing with firearms evidence, serial numbers can be duplicated on guns. a. true b. false ____ 123. What type of pattern is not covered by other categories? a. central pocket b. plain c. accidental d. loop ____ 124. Fingerprints are developed a. after you're born ____ b. around age 2 c. early in fetal development c. anything that is admissible in court. d. During birth 125. This section of the laboratory might examine counterfeit money. a. Chemical b. Biological c. Questioned documents d. Chemical ____ 126. When recovering bloodstain samples from large, solid objects, your should first place scraping onto a clean sheet of paper and then seal in an envelope. a. true b. false ____ 127. A fingerprint is considered a(n) ___________ characteristic. a. individual b. class ____ 128. When collecting pubic hairs, a range of 30-60 hairs should be collected. a. true b. false ____ 129. If evidence has class characteristics a. it has more probative value than direct evidence student d. it can exonerate innocent suspects b. it can link a suspect to a crime with certainty c. it must have come from a ____ 130. When collecting a liquid bloodstain sample, you can place more than one sample in a container. a. true b. false ____ 131. Seminal stains should be packaged immediately even when damp. a. true b. false ____ 132. Samples of flammable fluids found in the possession of suspects should be collected and compared. a. true b. false ____ 133. In order to have a representative sample from the head, somewhere between 50-100 hairs is desired. a. true b. false ____ 134. The term “Reason” that means the harmony of emotions and cognitive abilities comes from the ancient a. Latin b. Greek c. Arabic d. Chinese ____ 135. In what year did Frye v United States occur? a. 1923 b. 1919 c. 1993 d. 1932 ____ 136. What type of fingerprint does NOT have type lines, deltas, or cores. a. loop b. arch c. whorls d. radial arch ____ 137. When there is a hit and run, you should collect the glass from the different locations in different containers. a. true b. false ____ 138. Which search method is illustrated below? a. grid b. zone c. line d. wheel ____ 139. Evidence from a bomb sent through the mail is handled by the a. ATF b. SS c. USPS d. FBI ____ 140. What type of fingerprint must have one or more ridges entering & exiting from the same side. a. whorls b. radial arch c. arch d. loop ____ 141. Semen would be analyzed by this section to determine a profile based on DNA. a. Biological ____ b. Impression d. Chemical 142. Fingerprints that are actual indentions left is some soft material such as clay or putty are referred to as a. Patent fingerprints ____ c. Toxicology b. Impression fingerprints c. Latent fingerprints d. Rugged fingerprints 143. What type of minutiae is illustrated below? a. island b. spur c. bridge d. dot ____ 144. A modern crime laboratory is separated by specialization into a. units b. families c. sections d. groups ____ 145. Plastic & fertilizer are classified as what type of evidence? a. biological b. physical c. chemical d. miscellaneous ____ 146. Which of the following is not an example of transient evidence? a. blood spatter b. the temperature of a car hood c. bullets d. urine smell ____ 147. Using the _________, you can investigate counterfeiting. a. NIBIN b. SS c. IAFIS d. CODIS ____ 148. What type of fingerprint would be placed on skin? a. visible b. fingerprints cannot be placed on skin ____ c. plastic d. latent 149. What type of minutiae is illustrated below? a. bifurcation b. trifurcation c. double bifurcation d. island ____ 150. Crime scene documentation consists of all the following except a. Collecting evidence b. Sketching c. Taking notes d. Videotaping ____ 151. Accreditation is good for how many years: a. 3 ____ ____ b. 8 c. 6 d. 5 152. Choose the category that best matches the detail: do not assume you will remember everything a. document, document, document b. collect information first, interpret data later c. observe systematically 153. In dealing with firearms evidence, wrapping each cartridge prevents damage to the breech block or firing pin. a. true b. false d. turn off filters ____ 154. Locard’s exchange principle implies all of the following except a. Cat hair can be transferred to your pants. b. Soil samples can be carried from the yard into your home. transferred from one person to another. d. Blood spatter can be used to determine a DNA profile. ____ 155. Which of the following involves collection. a. individualization b. reconstruction c. identification d. recognition ____ 156. A fingerprint pattern that has at least one ridge entering one side and exiting the same side is called a(n) a. whorl b. loop c. delta d. arch ____ 157. Our state of mind affects how we observe our surroundings. What mental state is the best for observing? a. excited b. happy c. relaxed d. nervous ____ 158. Paint, soil and fibers would be analyzed by this section of the lab: a. Firearm and Toolmark b. Impression evidence c. Fibers can be c. Questioned documents d. Trace ____ 159. Observations are affected by one’s emotional state a. true b. false ____ 160. Using the _________, you can compare ballistics with a gun. a. NIBIN b. CODIS c. IAFIS d. USPS ____ 161. Fibers and threads can be picked up with tape only if the jurisdiction allows it. a. true b. false ____ 162. How can class evidence be used to narrow a field of suspects? a. the probabilities can be multiplied together to provide stronger evidence b. the more class evidence that exists, the stronger the case c. class evidence can never be used to narrow a field of suspects d. both a and b ____ 163. Where are all forensic standards kept? a. state crime labs b. regional crime labs c. FBI crime lab d. none of the answer choices ____ 164. When collecting paint samples involving a burglary, the tool should be directly placed into a paper bag. a. true b. false ____ 165. A paint chip that has several layers has great evidential value. a. true b. false ____ 166. Eyewitness accounts vary due to a lapse in time since the event. a. true b. false ____ 167. In dealing with seminal stains, the garments should be handled as little as possible. a. true b. false ____ 168. Which search method is double line search? a. zone b. strip c. spiral d. grid ____ 169. In dealing with firearms evidence, one should never mark the bullets. a. true b. false ____ 170. The foundation of the criminal justice system is to: a. Provide entertainment b. Protect the innocent c. Bring to trial all the suspects takes d. Prosecute the criminals, no matter what it ____ 171. A hackle mark is a name given to a window that is broken or cracked. a. true b. false ____ 172. In dealing with questioned documents, charred documents can crumble easily. a. true b. false ____ 173. A________________________ crime scene is possibly composed of many crime scenes. a. secondary b. primary c. macroscopic d. microscopic ____ 174. In dealing with questioned documents, it is important to request samples during a suspects first interview. a. true b. false ____ 175. Which of the following is not a purpose of a walk through of a crime scene? a. arrest the perpetrator b. note points of entry of exit c. mentally prepare a reconstruction theory ____ 176. In a hit and run, paint may be transferred to the clothing of the pedestrian. a. true b. false ____ 177. The Secret Service investigates which of the following. a. drugs b. arson c. explosives d. questioned documents ____ 178. Credibility must be established in which of the following: a. victims b. suspects c. witnesses d. all of the answer choices ____ 179. What is the second step in how information is processed in our brain? a. perception b. short term memory c. information from our senses d. what we pay attention to d. note weather conditions e. long term memory ____ 180. Which search method allows you to move in either an inward or outward direction? a. zone b. spiral c. ray d. grid ____ 181. All of the following are ways to improve our observational skills except a. write down and photograph everything you find b. when collecting evidence, record only those things that you are sure are important c. be sure to look at the entire area, not just the body, weapons, or signs of break-in d. observe everything no matter how big or small ____ 182. When developing prints, several methods may be used. Which of the following is NOT a physical or chemical method used? a. dusting powder ____ b. Ninhydrin c. brentamine fast blue d. Iodine fuming 183. Which of the following is not an abbreviation of one of our governmental laboratories: a. DEA b. BDF c. ATF d. USPS ____ 184. What gland secretes mostly water with inorganic and organic compounds? a. eccrine b. sebaceous c. thyroid d. apocrine ____ 185. A questioned or unknown sample a. comes from an unknown suspect b. comes from the crime scene c. both a and b d. neither a or b ____ 186. Choose the category that best matches the detail: do not pay attention to just what you think is important a. document, document, document b. collect information first, interpret data later c. turn off filters d. observe systematically ____ 187. The following print would be classified as a _________________. a. plain arch b. Loop c. central pocket d. plain whorl e. tented arch f. accidental ____ 188. In dealing with questioned documents, they should be placed in paper envelopes. a. true b. false ____ 189. A saliva sample should be refrigerated. a. true b. false ____ 190. What are the functions of a forensic scientist? a. to train or oversee others in collecting evidence at a crime scene. a crime scene. d. all of the answer choices ____ 191. Which search method is best on small, circular crime scenes? g. double loop b. to provide expert testimony c. to examine evidence found at a. grid b. spiral c. ray d. zone ____ 192. If you discover small, solid bloodstained object, you should collect the whole object. a. true b. false ____ 193. In dealing with controlled substances, all drug samples should be in unsealed packages. a. true b. false ____ 194. Laundry marks & photography are classified as what type of evidence? a. chemical b. physical c. miscellaneous d. biological ____ 195. Most secretions for fingerprints come from how many glands? a. one b. four c. three d. two ____ 196. Insects & fungi are classified as what type of evidence? a. miscellaneous b. chemical c. biological d. physical ____ 197. This individual developed a fingerprint classification based on Galton’s that is used in Spanish-speaking countries. a. William Herschel b. Francis Galton c. Edward Richard Henry d. Juan Vucetich ____ 198. The word forensic refers to the application of scientific knowledge to legal questions. a. true b. false ____ 199. Some common types of physical evidence are a. fiber, soil, glass, bones, DNA b. toolmarks, drugs, documents, glass, soil b but not c ____ c. testimony, eyewitness accounts, hearsay 200. Which federal rule of evidence relates to address an issue that is relevant to a particular crime? a. probative b. material c. both (a) and (b) d. none of the answer choices d. a and