Download Unit Three Assessment Study Guide

Unit Three Assessment
Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The energy of motion is called
a. kinetic energy.
b. potential energy.
c. thermal energy.
d. work.
____
2. A small 20-kilogram canoe is floating downriver at a speed of 2 m/s. What is the canoe’s kinetic energy?
a. 22 J
c. 80 J
b. 40 J
d. 400 J
____
3. A 13-kg sled is moving at a speed of 3.0 m/s. At which of the following speeds will the sled have twice as
much kinetic energy?
a. 1.5 m/s
c. 6 m/s
b. 4.2 m/s
d. 9 m/s
____
4. Why is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moon’s surface less than its potential
energy 1 meter above Earth’s surface?
a. The object’s mass is less on the moon.
b. The object’s weight is more on the moon.
c. The object’s acceleration due to gravity is less on the moon.
d. both a and c
____
5. A 4-kilogram cat is resting on top of a bookshelf that is 3 meters high. What is the cat’s gravitational potential
energy relative to the floor if the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2?
a. 7 J
c. 29 J
b. 12 J
d. 118 J
____
6. The gravitational potential energy of an object is always measured relative to the
a. location where the object’s kinetic energy is zero.
b. position of maximum mechanical energy.
c. reference level from which the height is measured.
d. surface of Earth.
____
7. Walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy?
a. chemical
c. nuclear
b. electromagnetic
d. thermal
____
8. Solar cells convert what type of energy into electrical energy?
a. chemical
c. nuclear
b. electromagnetic
d. thermal
____
9. Which of the following statements is true according to the law of conservation of energy?
a. Energy cannot be created.
b. Energy cannot be destroyed.
c. Energy can be converted from one form to another.
d. all of the above
____ 10. The mechanical energy of an object equals its
a.
b.
c.
d.
chemical energy plus its nuclear energy.
kinetic energy plus its potential energy.
nuclear energy.
thermal energy.
____ 11. Which of the following statements is a consequence of the equation E = mc2?
a. Energy is released when matter is destroyed.
b. Mass and energy are equivalent.
c. The law of conservation of energy must be modified to state that mass and energy are
conserved in any process.
d. all of the above
____ 12. What is biomass energy?
a. the chemical energy stored in living things
b. the electromagnetic energy stored in living things
c. the nuclear energy stored in living things
d. the thermal energy stored in living things
____ 13. A benefit of a hydrogen fuel cell is that its byproduct is
a. carbon dioxide.
c. water.
b. oxygen.
d. uranium.
____ 14. Based on your knowledge of energy conservation, which of the following statements is true?
a. Manufacturers can increase a light bulb’s energy efficiency by using technology that
increases the amount of electromagnetic energy the bulb converts from a given amount of
electrical energy.
b. Energy can be conserved by turning off lights when they are not in use.
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
____ 15. What property of an object is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in that object?
a. specific heat
c. conductivity
b. mass
d. temperature
____ 16. As the temperature of an object rises, so does the
a. kinetic energy of the object.
b. mass of the object.
c. thermal energy of the object.
d. potential energy of the object.
____ 17. Which of the following devices is based on the property of thermal expansion?
a. balance
c. convection oven
b. calorimeter
d. thermometer
____ 18. In the formula
a. c
b. m
, which quantity represents the specific heat?
c. Q
d. T
____ 19. The specific heat of copper is 0.385 J/g·°C. Which equation would you use to calculate the amount of heat
needed to raise the temperature of 0.75 g of copper from 7°C to 29°C?
a. Q = 0.385 J/g·°C  (29°C – 7°C)
b. Q = 0.75 g  0.385 J/g·°C  29°C
c. Q = 0.75 g  0.385 J/g·°C  22°C
d. Q = 0.75 g  0.385 J/g·°C  7°C
____ 20. What does a calorimeter directly measure?
a. change in temperature
b. kinetic energy
c. specific heat
d. radiation
____ 21. Matter is needed to transfer thermal energy by
a. conduction.
c. radiation.
b. convection.
d. both a and b
____ 22. Disorder in the universe increases because
a. spontaneous changes produce more order in a system.
b. work produces disorder in a system.
c. work produces waste heat, which leaves a system.
d. all of the above
____ 23. One consequence of the third law of thermodynamics is that
a. heat engines have efficiencies less than 100 percent.
b. in some energy conversions, energy is not conserved.
c. engines cannot discharge waste heat.
d. the work a heat engine produces is less than the waste heat it produces.
____ 24. Which of the following happens in a steam engine?
a. Fuel is burned outside the engine.
c. Hot steam pushes a piston.
b. Heat is converted into work.
d. all of the above
____ 25. In most four-stroke internal combustion engines, when does the piston move downward?
a. during the compression stroke only
b. during the compression and exhaust strokes
c. during the intake and exhaust strokes
d. during the power and intake strokes
____ 26. Which central heating system involves a furnace and a blower?
a. electric baseboard
c. hot-water
b. forced-air
d. steam
____ 27. In forced-air heating systems, where are warm-air vents usually located?
a. above windows
c. next to cold-air ducts
b. near the floor
d. under radiators
____ 28. A fluid that vaporizes and condenses inside the tubing of a heat pump is called the
a. compressor.
c. refrigerant.
b. fuel.
d. condenser.
____ 29. Which type of central heating system is often used when heating many buildings from a central location?
a. electric baseboard
c. hot-water
b. forced-air
d. steam
____ 30. Which of the following describes an advantage of radiant heaters?
a. They are portable.
b. They can easily be turned on or off.
c. They direct warm air to where it is needed.
d. all of the above
Unit Three Assessment
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 15.1.2 Relate kinetic energy to mass and speed and calculate these quantities.
2. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.1.2 Relate kinetic energy to mass and speed and calculate these quantities.
3. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.1.2 Relate kinetic energy to mass and speed and calculate these quantities.
4. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.1.3 Analyze how potential energy is related to an object’s position and give examples of
gravitational and elastic potential energy.
5. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 15.1.4 Solve equations that relate an object’s gravitational potential energy to its mass and height.
6. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.1.4 Solve equations that relate an object’s gravitational potential energy to its mass and height.
7. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.2.1 Describe conversions of energy from one form to another.
8. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.2.1 Describe conversions of energy from one form to another.
9. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 15.2.2 State and apply the law of conservation of energy.
10. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 15.2.3 Analyze how energy is conserved in conversions between kinetic energy and potential energy
and solve equations that equate initial energy to final energy.
11. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.2.4 Describe the relationship between energy and mass and calculate how much energy is
equivalent to a given mass.
12. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 15.3.1 Classify energy resources as renewable or nonrenewable.
13. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.3.2 Evaluate benefits and drawbacks of different energy sources.
14. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 15.3.3 Describe ways to conserve energy resources.
15. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.1.2 Relate thermal energy to the motion of particles that make up a material.
16. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 16.1.2 Relate thermal energy to the motion of particles that make up a material.
17. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.1.3 Relate temperature to thermal energy and to thermal expansion.
18. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.1.4 Calculate thermal energy, temperature change, or mass using the specific heat equation.
19. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.1.4 Calculate thermal energy, temperature change, or mass using the specific heat equation.
20. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.1.5 Describe how a calorimeter operates and calculate thermal energy changes or specific heat
using calorimetry measurements.
21. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 16.2.1 Describe conduction, convection, and radiation and identify which of these is occurring in a
given situation.
22. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 16.2.4 Apply the second law of thermodynamics in situations where thermal energy moves from
cooler to warmer objects.
23. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 16.2.5 State the third law of thermodynamics.
24. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.3.1 Describe heat engines and explain how heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical
energy.
25. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 16.3.1 Describe heat engines and explain how heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical
energy.
26. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.3.2 Describe how the different types of heating systems operate.
27. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 16.3.2 Describe how the different types of heating systems operate.
28. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.3.3 Describe how cooling systems, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, operate.
29. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 16.3.4 Evaluate benefits and drawbacks of different heating and cooling systems.
30. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 16.3.4 Evaluate benefits and drawbacks of different heating and cooling systems.