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Test Ch. 27 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. CATEGORY COLOR SURFACE TEMPERATURE (°C) M K less than 3,500 orange G F 5,000–6,000 yellow-white A B O ____ ____ ____ ____ 3,500–5,000 6,000–7,500 7,500–10,000 blue-white 10,000–30,000 above 30,000 1. The color of a star in category O in the table above would most likely be A. blue. B. blue-white. C. yellow. D. red. 2. A star in category G in the table above would most likely be A. blue. B. blue-white. C. yellow. D. red. 3. A device for separating light into different colors is known as a A. bright-line emission. B. spectroscope. C. Cepheid variable. D. H-R diagram. 4. Starlight passing through a device for separating light produces a display of colors and lines called a(n) A. barred spiral. B. shift. C. open cluster. D. spectrum. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 5. An apparent shift in the wavelength of light emitted by a light source moving toward or away from an observer is known as A. spectrum analysis. B. parallax. C. the Doppler effect. D. a Cepheid variable. 6. A star that has a blue-shifted spectrum is most likely moving A. toward the earth. B. away from the sun. C. around the Milky Way Galaxy. D. toward a black hole. 7. The apparent change in the position of an object resulting from a change in the angle or in the position from which it is viewed is called A. stellar magnitude. B. spectroscopy. C. the Doppler effect. D. parallax. 8. How far is the sun from the earth? A. 4.3 light-minutes B. 8.3 light-minutes C. 9 light-years D. 680 light-years 9. A star that experiences regular changes in brightness over time is called a A. Cepheid variable. B. supernova. C. binary star. D. quasar. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 10. In which region of the diagram does the sun lie? A. A B. B C. C D. D 11. What type of star is generally located in region A of this Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? A. main-sequence B. protostar C. giant D. white dwarf 12. A star with which of the following apparent magnitudes would appear brightest? A. 10 B. 5 C. 1 D. –5 13. The apparent magnitude of a star is a measure of its A. surface temperature and composition. B. distance from the earth. C. brightness as it appears from the earth. D. position on the H-R diagram. 14. Which of the following apparent magnitudes is dimmest? A. 4 B. 2 C. 0 D. –2 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 15. What stage of stellar evolution is the sun experiencing at this time? A. giant B. white dwarf C. protostar D. main-sequence 16. A plot of surface temperatures of stars against their absolute magnitude is called A. an H-R diagram. B. a Cepheid variable. C. a constellation map. D. a spectrum. 17. Which of the following stages is the earliest in the development of a star? A. neutron star B. protostar C. nebula D. giant 18. Nuclear fusion begins when temperatures within a protostar reach over A. 30,000ºC. B. 300,000ºC. C. 10,000,000ºC. D. 150,000,000ºC. 19. Which type of star maintains a stable size because the energy from fusion balances the force of gravity? A. main-sequence B. neutron star C. pulsar D. supergiant 20. Which stage of stellar evolution is characterized by the fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms? A. main-sequence B. neutron star C. nova D. white dwarf 21. Which stage in stellar evolution is the longest? A. supergiant B. neutron star C. black hole D. main-sequence 22. A main-sequence star maintains a stable size as long as it has an ample supply of hydrogen to fuse into A. helium. B. magnesium. C. protactinium. D. iron. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 23. A pulsar is a type of A. protostar. B. neutron star. C. white dwarf. D. supergiant. 24. The end of which stage of stellar evolution is marked by the end of helium fusion? A. protostar B. neutron star C. black dwarf D. red giant 25. In the last stage of stellar evolution following a supernova, stars too massive to form neutron stars may form a A. black dwarf. B. red supergiant. C. white dwarf. D. black hole. 26. In which stage of stellar evolution does combined hydrogen fusion and helium fusion cause a star’s outer shell to expand? A. supernova B. red giant C. main-sequence D. protostar 27. Stars that emit two beams of radiation that can be detected as radio waves are called A. nebulae. B. protostars. C. pulsars. D. supergiants. 28. When a white dwarf star no longer emits energy, it may become a A. black dwarf. B. nova. C. neutron star. D. black hole. ____ ____ ____ 29. What stage in the life of a star 10 times more massive than the sun is missing in this chart? A. supernova B. neutron star C. black hole D. red giant 30. Astronomers label the stars in a constellation according to their A. color. B. apparent magnitude. C. size. D. absolute magnitude. 31. Large-scale groups of stars bound together by gravitational attraction are known as A. galaxies. B. multiple-star systems. C. Cepheids. D. clusters. Completion Complete each statement. Quasars Apparent magnitude(s) Absolute magnitude(s) Galaxies Word Bank Color Doppler Effect Constellations Polaris Parallax Sirius Red Shift 32. The surface temperature of a star is indicated by what physical characteristic? ____________________ 33. The apparent shift in the spectrum of a star as it moves toward or away from the earth is explained by the phenomenon known as the ____________________. 34. To observers in North America, most stars appear to move around the star called ____________________. 35. The only direct method scientists use to measure the distance from the earth to stars is known as ____________________. 36. The H-R diagram plots the surface temperature of stars against their ____________________. 37. The true brightness of a star is called its ____________________. 38. Scientists continue to divide the sky into sectors using star patterns called ____________________. 39. The most distant objects that have been observed from the earth are called ____________________. Essay 40. How do astronomers try to locate black holes? 41. Explain how a nova occurs. Test Ch. 27 Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: ANS: A C B D C A D B A B D D C A D A C C A A D A B D D B C A D B A COMPLETION 32. ANS: color PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: PTS: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PTS: 2 33. ANS: Doppler effect PTS: 2 34. ANS: Polaris PTS: 2 35. ANS: parallax PTS: 2 36. ANS: absolute magnitudes PTS: 2 37. ANS: absolute magnitude PTS: 2 38. ANS: constellations PTS: 2 39. ANS: quasars PTS: 2 ESSAY 40. ANS: Astronomers theorize that a black hole can be located by observing its effect on a companion star. Just before matter from a companion star is pulled into a black hole, it gives off X rays. Astronomers try to locate the black holes by detecting these X rays from the earth. PTS: 5 41. ANS: Astronomers think novas occur in white dwarfs that revolve around a giant or main-sequence star. The white dwarf has a greater surface gravitational attraction because it is denser, and gases from the companion star accumulate on the white dwarf. This causes the pressure in the white dwarf to increase until it explodes, creating a nova. PTS: 5