Download Cold War US/World History II – Unit V outline Essential Questions: 1

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Cold War
US/World History II – Unit V outline
Essential Questions:
1) How did the end of World War II lead to the start of the Cold War?
2) How and why did communism spread around the world?
3) What did the U.S. do to stop the spread of communism?
4) What was the impact of the Cold War on various places around the world?
5) How did the Cold War end?
Homework
Th
5
Winter Break Lore and new Unit
none-get your life together
Fri
6
End of WWII – start of Cold War
10-15 sentences on Cold War
Mon
Tues
Wed
Th
Fri
9
10
11
12
13
U.S. foreign policy - 4 choices
Truman Doctrine
Civil war in China (Late Start)
China – Great Leap
China – Cultural Revolution
Green 932-937, 942-949
Green 1075 – 1079, Intro. Question
none
Mao readings
Blue 662-665
Mon
Tues
Wed
Th
Fri
16
17
18
19
20
NO SCHOOL MLK DAY
Korean War
Korean War
U.S. in the 1950’s: Cold War culture
Space Race
Mon
Tues
Wed
Th
Fri
23
24
25
26
27
Cuban Missile Crisis background
Oct. 1962
Cuban Missile Crisis activity
Vietnam packet: part I
Vietnam: origins – colonialism 1900 – 1954 Vietnam packet: part II
Vietnam: origins – cold war 1954-1965
Vietnam packet: 4 options
Vietnam: 4 choices in 1965
Vietnam packet: part III
Th
Fri
28
29
Vietnam: U.S. fighting 1965-1975
Vietnam packet: parts V, VI,
Cold War examples: Angola, Nicaragua
project step 2 and
Afghanistan begin project step 3
Mon
Tues
Wed
Th
Fri
30
31
1
2
3
Project Work Day
ALL PROJECTS DUE!!!
1989 – dramatic changes (Late Start)
Fall of Soviet Union
Cold War Test
project: step 1
Blue 668-674
Blue 718,725-726
Cold War tensions
project: step 3
Green 977-981
Green 981-986
study for test
study for test
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The Project for Unit 5
Cold War
For this unit project, students will be encouraged to identify and analyze various forms of
propaganda. Our class will consider the use of propaganda during World War I and II as
a means of review and study propaganda during the Cold War as a major tool of foreign
policy and government influence on the society. You must find three examples of
propaganda from these three historical time periods and produce two additional examples
on your own. Your two productions can look like or be modeled after other pieces of
media, but you must construct them with aspects of your own creativity or originality
(they can’t just be copied). For your two examples, you can select any historical time
period in the 20th century and any current topic in the news. Of the five examples for this
project, one must take the form of a visual poster, one will be a written piece and one will
be an example of a video. You will have to do an analysis on each piece of
propaganda!!! (at bottom of page)
Types of propaganda to be analyzed (must have one of each)
Poster/ visual, written work, video-film
Historical time periods that must be covered (must have one of each)
Step one: World War I and World War II (1 piece for WWI and 1 piece for WWII)
Step two: The Cold War (1 piece)
Step three: your choices (must have 2 additional topics or time periods. These can be
either poster/visual, written work, video/film, etc.)
Rubric for unit V project (15 points per example X 5 = 75 points)
______ out of 25 Examples of each piece of propaganda (5 points each)
______ out of 50 Analysis Answer the following questions: (10 points each)
1) What is topic? What is the creator of this piece of propaganda saying about
the topic?
2) What is the message? How did the creator intend to spread this message?
3) Analyze the techniques (see Page 4) observed in this example. Describe
how at least two techniques are used and why they would be used to spread
this message?
________ out of 75 (total of 5 propaganda examples
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Propaganda Overview
pro-pa-gan-da {n}
Congregatio de propaganda fide-
Congregation for propagating the faith established in 1623 by Pope Gregory XV
1. cap: a congregation of the Roman curia having jurisdiction over
missionary territories and related institutions
2. the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of
helping or injuring an instituio, a cause, or a person
3. ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one’s
cause
or damage an opposing cause; a public action to such an
effect.
It seems strange to suggest that the study of propaganda has
relevance to our contemporary world. After all, when most people think
about propaganda, they imagine enormous campaigns that were
generated by Hitler or Stalin or they remember the “Red Scare” of the
1950s in the United States. Since nothing comparable is being
disseminated in our society today, many people assume that propaganda
is no longer an issue.
However, propaganda can be as blatant as a swastika or as subtle
as a joke. Its persuasive techniques are regularly applies by politicians,
advertisers, journalists, radio personalities, and others who are interested
in influencing human behavior. Some people get paid a lot of money to
change the way we think! Propaganda messages can be used to
accomplish positive social ends, as campaigns to reduce drunk driving,
but they are also used to win elections and sell malt liquor.
Propagandists love short cuts – particularly those which evade
rational though. They encourage this by agitating emotions, exploiting
insecurities, capitalizing on the ambiguity of language and by bending
the roles of logic. As history shows, they can be quite successful. With the
growth of communication tools like the Internet, the flow of persuasive
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messages has been accelerated, while the time for intellectual thought,
analysis and judgment has been reduced.
“Every day we are bombarded by one persuasive communication
after another. These appeals persuade not through the give-and-take of
argument and debate, but through the manipulation of symbols and of
our most basic human emotions. For better or worse, our information age
is an age of propaganda.”
-Pratkanis and Aronson, Media Wars
Propaganda Techniques (Pages 4 and 5)
Word Games
1) Name calling- intends to imply a rejection or
condemnation
ex:
commie, fascist, pig, yuppie, counterculture
2) Euphemisms- makes an unpleasant reality more
acceptable
ex:
War Department now called Department of
Defense
MX-Missile was renamed “The Peacekeeper”
dead civilians are referred to as “collateral
damage”
3) Glittering Generalities- seeks to make us accept and
approve the
ex:
broad notion
Fight the Good Fight for Freedom
For the good of science
Operation Enduring Freedom
False Connections
1) Transfer- when something we respect and revere is
carried on to
ex:
something else
Jeep commercial landing on Normandy Beach
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images of U.S. flag and Uncle Sam to sell
anything
2) Testimonial- individuals not qualified to make
judgments about an
ex:
issue
Michael Jordan says Wheaties is good for you
Richard Gere protests for a Free Tibet
Bono wants to save Africa
Special Appeal
1) Plain Folks- association with the common, convince us
that their
ideas are ours
ex:
Ron Paul – “Wake Up America!”
Rosie the Riveter: “We Can Do it!”
2) Bandwagon- everyone else is doing it, so should you
ex:
Red
“Join your fellow Americans in donating to the
Cross Disaster Relief Fund”
“Join millions of Americans who have already
switched
to Verizon Wireless”
3) Fear- appeal to basic human fear
ex:
commercial for seat belts showing car crashes
“Stop the Huns from invading with War Bonds”
Logical Fallacies
1) Poor Logic- drawing illogical conclusions from statements
of fact
ex:
Barack Obama supported legalized health care
in 2008.
All socialist regimes in the 21st Century legalize
health
care.
Barack Obama is a socialist.
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2) Unwarranted Extrapolation- making huge conclusions or
predictions based on a small amount of
information
ex:
New airport rules will take away our human
rights
“Donate scrap and we’ll kill a Jap”
World War I Propaganda
Britain and the U.S.
Soon after the outbreak of World War I, the British government set up the British
War Propaganda Bureau, as a means of competing with a similar German propaganda
agency, which was disseminating false information about the war. To support British
interests in the war, twenty-five well-known British writers such as Arthur Conan Doyle,
Thomas Hardy, Rudyard Kipling, and H.G. Wells were organized in secrecy to write
pamphlets and books, which could promote the governments’ ideas about the war.
Photographers and cartoonists were later added to increase the information as the war
dragged on.
History books, war images, newspaper articles and international wire
services were all part of the British means of promoting information, encouraging morale
at home and demonizing the enemy.
The absence of public unity was a major concern when the U.S. entered the war.
National support was obviously crucial and Woodrow Wilson wanted to ensure complete
cooperation back at home. On April 13, 1917, (just 7 days after entering the conflict),
Wilson created the Committee on Public Information to promote the war domestically
while publicizing American war aims abroad.
The CPI blended advertising techniques
with a sophisticated understanding of human psychology, and its efforts represent the
first time that a modern government disseminated propaganda on such a large scale. It is
interesting to note that phenomenon, often linked with totalitarian regimes, emerged in
democratic states.
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Triumph of the Will
“The most awesome, frightening, and powerful film ever
made”
according to the International Society of Historical Films
The subject of the documentary is the 1934 session of the Nazi Party Congress
and the enormous rallies involving thousands of German followers. Included are
unbelievable scenes depicting the Nuremberg rallies and exclusive speeches by Adolph
Hitler. The film is an extraordinary blend of inspired art, direction, and may have been
designed the most effective propaganda machine, convincing millions of educated
Germans to follow their inhumane cause of death and persecution.
Directed by Leni Riefenstahl, a German woman who claimed to be unassociated
with the Nazi party, it is considered by some historians to be the greatest feat of Nazi
propaganda. Riefenstahl was haunted by the powerful work after the world became aware
of the holocaust during World War II and never directed another documentary. The film
was banned in Europe and the United States for more than thirty years.
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German and American Propaganda
Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany from their control of power in 1933 until
the end of the WWII and the downfall of the Fascist regime in May 1945.
Propaganda within Nazi Germany was taken to a new and perverse level toward
German citizens, minorities who were not considered “Aryan” or “pure,” and enemy
nations. Hitler was very aware of the value of good propaganda and did everything
in his power to promote the Nazi beliefs. The first poster caption reads: "30 January
1933-1943. One Battle! One Victory!" The theme is a takeoff on one of the Nazi’s pre1933 posters. This poster was withdrawn after the Battle of Stalingrad. The second
1938 poster was issued shortly after the Anschluss with Austria. The caption: "One
People, One Reich, One Fuehrer." The third poster is from later in the war when
Allied bombers were constantly over Germany. The text translates as: "The enemy
sees your light! Black out!"
As we briefly saw in our WWII lesson over women and propaganda the US produced
a wide range of posters in more styles and in greater numbers that any other
country in WWII. There are quite literally, thousands of WWII posters that range
from the home-front economy to fighting the Japanese in the Pacific. As the war
began in earnest, America increased the flood of propaganda, utilizing especially the
radio and visual media, most specifically posters. German propaganda borrowed
the American technique of relying, not so much on words, but on images alone:
pictures of handsome German soldiers, sturdy peasants in native costume, and the
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like. Both sides relied on propaganda to help their respected citizens win not only
the war abroad, but the war on the home front as well.
Homework Questions
10 – 15 sentences from Identifying the Cold War and “We Didn’t Start the Fire”
In your own words – What was the Cold War?
Green 932-937
1) How did the end of World War II lead to the start of the Cold War?
2) What were the results of meetings at Yalta? At Potsdam?
Green 942-949
1) What country is to blame for the start of the Cold War?
2) Define the Truman doctrine.
3) What was the Marshall Plan?
4) Explain how the policy of containment would be used in the Cold War.
5) How did the U.S. respond to the blockade of Berlin?
6) Define mutual deterrence.
7) How did the Korean War begin?
Green 1075 – 1079
1) Describe the 2 Chinese governments at the end of World War II.
2) Why did the communists get so much support at this time?
3) What was the Great Leap Forward?
4) What was the goal of the Cultural Revolution?
AND
Intro. Question
1) Of the twelve issues affecting U.S. – Soviet Relations in 1946, which three
do you think are the most important? Why?
Mao Zedong Readings
1) What does Mao say about revolution?
2) What insights does Mao give us about war?
3) Does May feel like the peasants are “going too far”?
4) Explain the quote: “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun”.
5) What is your reaction to the poem in reading #5?
Blue 662-665
1) Who was Mao Zedong?
2) Where did the Chinese Nationalists flee to?
3) How was Korea divided at the end of World War II?
4) Did the U.N. support the U.S. side in the Korean War?
5) How did this conflict end? What was the result?
Blue 668-674
1) What was the new Red Scare?
2) Who was J. Edgar Hoover?
3) Who was Alger Hiss?
4) What did the Rosenbergs do?
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5) Why is Joseph McCarthy so famous in U.S. history?
Blue 718, 725-726
1) Who was elected president in 1960? How was he different from
Eisenhower?
2) What were the main issues of the 1960 election?
3) Define the Kennedy Mystique.
4) What was the Sputnik crisis?
5) What is the space race?
6) What happened on July 20, 1969?
Cold War Tensions
1) What two policies were the basis for the Truman Doctrine
2) What was the purpose of the Rio Pact?
3) Why was Cuba a major concern for the US in the 1950s?
4) Who was Fulgencio Batista?
5) What was the Bay of Pigs invasion?
6) Why did Cuba and the Soviet Union think the US would invade Cuba?
October 1962
1) What did the US leaders think Soviet intentions were?
2) Where were U.S. Jupiter Missiles installed?
3) What is “ExComm”?
4) Pick one of the three choices-why do you think this would be the choice?
Vietnam packet – all questions provided
Green 977 – 981
1) Define détente.
2) What were the foreign policy goals of the Carter administration?
3) How did Reagan have a new approach to the Cold War.
4) List 3-4 ideas that describe the Brezhnev Era in Soviet history.
5) Define perestroika, glasnost.
Green 981 – 986
1) Briefly describe what happened after the decline of the Soviet Union in
each of these following countries: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Yugoslavia.