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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Chapter 41
Aging and the Muscular/Skeletal
System
Muscles become weaker with age
body decreases in strength and
endurance
Weakening muscles can cause heart function to
decrease
More fatigue as you age
Cartilage deteriorates with age
Stiff joints
Aging and the Muscular/Skeletal
System
Stiff joints increases with age
Inactivity and immobility
Bones become porous and brittle with age
Easier fractures
Spinal column changes over time
“stooped” posture and loss of height
Types of Muscle
Cardiac- wall of heart
Voluntary- skeletal muscles
attached to bone
Involuntary/Smooth/Visceralforms wall of organs
Key Facts
1. Muscles can only shorten (contract) and
lengthen
2. Muscles have 2 points of attachment to bone
(origin—proximal insertion—distal)
3. Muscles are not inserted directly into bones.
Connected by tendons.
4. As muscles contract, they pull their points of
origin and insertion closer together.
Key Facts
5. The more muscles are used, the more
powerful they become
6. Muscles have very rich blood supply
7. Muscle groups work together to perform
functions.
8. The largest muscles groups are the
strongest.
Muscle Groups
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Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Adductors
Invertors
Evertors
Scapular Stabilizers
Rotaters
Immobility-Atrophy-Contractures
Process???
Flexion Contractures- permanent bending of joint
Foot drop- contracture in foot causing permanent
damage
Proper alignment- when body is in alignment with
the natural lines of bones and joints. In order to
maintain this with our immobile, dependent
residents, we use:
Contractures
• Flexion Contracture
Foot Drop
Supportive Devices
1. Pillows
2. Trochanter roll- rolled up towel or small
blanket placed next to the tip of the thigh
bone to prevent ABDUCTION of the hip
Supportive Devices
3. Wedge- designed to keep thighs apart to
maintain proper alignment
4. Splint
5. Handroll
6. Footboard
Nursing Interventions/Actions
Position in proper alignment
Turn q2h
ROM exercises
Supportive Devices
Ambulate when appropriate