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MUSCULAR SYSTEM Chapter 41 Aging and the Muscular/Skeletal System Muscles become weaker with age body decreases in strength and endurance Weakening muscles can cause heart function to decrease More fatigue as you age Cartilage deteriorates with age Stiff joints Aging and the Muscular/Skeletal System Stiff joints increases with age Inactivity and immobility Bones become porous and brittle with age Easier fractures Spinal column changes over time “stooped” posture and loss of height Types of Muscle Cardiac- wall of heart Voluntary- skeletal muscles attached to bone Involuntary/Smooth/Visceralforms wall of organs Key Facts 1. Muscles can only shorten (contract) and lengthen 2. Muscles have 2 points of attachment to bone (origin—proximal insertion—distal) 3. Muscles are not inserted directly into bones. Connected by tendons. 4. As muscles contract, they pull their points of origin and insertion closer together. Key Facts 5. The more muscles are used, the more powerful they become 6. Muscles have very rich blood supply 7. Muscle groups work together to perform functions. 8. The largest muscles groups are the strongest. Muscle Groups • • • • • • • • Flexors Extensors Abductors Adductors Invertors Evertors Scapular Stabilizers Rotaters Immobility-Atrophy-Contractures Process??? Flexion Contractures- permanent bending of joint Foot drop- contracture in foot causing permanent damage Proper alignment- when body is in alignment with the natural lines of bones and joints. In order to maintain this with our immobile, dependent residents, we use: Contractures • Flexion Contracture Foot Drop Supportive Devices 1. Pillows 2. Trochanter roll- rolled up towel or small blanket placed next to the tip of the thigh bone to prevent ABDUCTION of the hip Supportive Devices 3. Wedge- designed to keep thighs apart to maintain proper alignment 4. Splint 5. Handroll 6. Footboard Nursing Interventions/Actions Position in proper alignment Turn q2h ROM exercises Supportive Devices Ambulate when appropriate