Download The American Civil War

The American Civil
War 1861-1865
The 2 sides go by many names
United States
of America
North
Confederate States
of America
South
Union
Confederate
Blue
Gray
Yankees
Rebels
Billy Yank
Johnny Reb
Capitals
Washington, D.C.
Capital of the
United States
Of America
Richmond, VA
Capital of the
Confederate
States
Of America
Prelude to War
Once Abraham Lincoln won the Election of
1860, one by one the Southern States
began to secede, until there was 7 initial
states in the Confederate States of America.
1. Texas
2. Louisiana
3. Mississippi
4. Alabama
5. Georgia
6. South Carolina
7. Florida
The Presidents
Confederate States of
America President
Jefferson Davis
United States President
Abraham Lincoln
The First Shots of the War
April 1861
Confederates fire on and
take control of Fort
Sumter in Charleston, SC
At Fort Sumter
Charleston Harbor
The Bombardment of Fort Sumter
The Rest of the South joins the
Confederate States of America
8. Virginia
9. North Carolina
10. Tennessee
11. Arkansas
BrainPop on the Civil War
United States and Confederates States
Union
1. Maine
2. Vermont
3. New
Hampshire
4. Massachusetts
5. Connecticut
6. Rhode Island
7. New Jersey
8. Pennsylvania
9. New York
10. Ohio
11. Indiana
12. Illinois
13. Michigan
14. Wisconsin
15. Iowa
16. Minnesota
17. Kansas
18. California
19. Oregon
Confederate
1. Florida
2. Texas
3. Louisiana
4. Arkansas
5. Mississippi
6. Alabama
7. Georgia
8. South Carolina
9. North Carolina
10. Tennessee
11. Virginia
Border States were slave states
that never joined the Confederate
States of America.
Missouri
Kentucky Delaware Maryland West Virginia
Advantages/Disadvantages
Union
Confederate
►
Population – 22,700,000
►
Population – 6,500,000
(9,000,000 incl. slaves)
Railroad Miles – 9,000
►
Railroad miles – 21,700
►
►
Owned 80% of the nations
factories and mills to produce
war supplies
►
Had the best military
leadership
►
Had an overwhelmingly
superior navy
►
Had more knowledge of the
land and were fighting to
protect their homes (all but 2
battles were fought in the
South)
Summer 1861
The Union takes control of the border states
and the battle lines were established
The Anaconda Plan
The Union set up a naval blockade of the
Confederate States to prevent the south from
trading with other nations, this is known as the
Anaconda Plan.
July 1861
The first major battle of the Civil War was fought,
the 1st Battle of Bull Run (aka 1st Manassas), and
won by the Confederate States.
The Monitor vs. The Merrimack
Battle of Hampton Road - Wikipedia
In March, 1862, the USS Monitor and the CSS
Virginia (better known as the Merrimack) met in the
Chesapeake Bay, this was the first naval battle
between ironclad ships…They fought to a draw.
Spring/Summer 1862
In the first year of the war,
the Confederate States won
large battles in Northern
Virginia including the Seven
Days Battles near Richmond,
Virginia, and the Battle of 2nd
Bull Run.
Meanwhile on the Western Front, the Union
had success, winning at the Battle of
Shiloh, Tennessee, in New Orleans, and along
the Mississippi River.
September 1862
Confederate General Robert E. Lee invaded
Maryland and fought the Union to a draw at
the Battle of Antietam. Many regard the
battle as a Union victory however because
the Confederacy retreated back into Virginia.
This is the
Confederacy’s
1st attempt
to invade the
North.
There were
23,000 casualties
at Antietam.
The Emancipation Proclamation
After the Battle of
Antietam, President
Lincoln announced
the Emancipation
Proclamation,
freeing all of the
slaves being held in
the Confederacy
(however this did
not apply to the
border states).
October 3, 1862, Lincoln is shown
standing on the Battlefield of Antietam.
President Lincoln
standing with
General McClellan
The following day, October 4, 1862 his
Emancipation Proclamation appeared
for the first time on the pages of
Harper’s Weekly, the most widely
distributed newspaper of the day.
Fall 1862- Spring 1863
After the battle of
Antietam, the
Confederacy
continued its success
in defending
Northern Virginia by
winning large battles
at Fredericksburg
and Chancellorsville.
Fall 1862- Spring 1863
The Union continues
its success in the
Western Theater,
winning battles at
Perryville, KY and
fighting to a draw at
Murfreesboro, TN.
Who is winning in the
Eastern Theater and
Who is winning in the
Western Theater?
July 1863
The Union turns the tide of the war
with 2 crucial victories.
1. The Battle of Gettysburg
In the Eastern Theater,
the Union defeated the
Confederate forces at the
Battle of Gettysburg, PA. in
a 3 day battle that is seen
as the most dramatic of
the American Civil War.
This is the
Confederacy’s
2nd and last
attempt to
invade the north.
There were
51,000 casualties
at Gettysburg
The Gettysburg Address
2. The Siege of Vicksburg
In the Western Theater, the Union captured the
city of Vicksburg, MS, on the Mississippi River after
a 5 month siege of the city. Along with having
control of New Orleans, taking Vicksburg gave the
Union control of the Mississippi River and a huge
advantage in the war.
"Vicksburg is the key.
The war can never be
brought to a close until
the key is in our pocket,“
Abraham Lincoln
"Vicksburg is the nail
head that holds the
South's two halves together,"
Jefferson Davis
Battle of Vicksburg - Classzone
Fall 1863
In 2 important battles in
Southern
Tennessee/Northern Georgia,
the Confederacy won the
battle of Chickamauga but
suffered 18,000 casualties,
then lost the Battle for
Chattanooga soon after.
The Union gained control of
crucial railroad junctions with
this victory crippling the
Confederacy.
Spring 1864
The Confederate Army of
Northern Virginia, though
winning battles began to wear
down and by the summer, the
Union Army is able to march
into the Confederate capital of
Richmond, VA.
Richmond , Virginia
in ruins
Summer 1864
Union General William T. Sherman burned Atlanta,
GA and began his famous “March to the Sea” to
Savannah, GA, destroying plantations and towns
along the way.
Union soldiers destroying railroad in Atlanta
Sherman’s March
After reaching
Savannah,
Sherman
turned north
and drove
through North
Carolina to link
up with Union
General U.S.
Grant in
Virginia.
Battle of Bentonville, March 1865
In North Carolina’s largest civil war battle, the
Union Army with 60,000 soldiers under General
Sherman defeated the Confederate Army of
21,000 soldiers on March 19-21, 1865.
April 1865
Union forces under General Grant catch up to
Confederate General Lee at Appomattox Court
House, VA. General Lee surrenders. The war
ends soon after.
Confederate soldiers
surrendering their artillery
at Appomattox.
Appomattox Court House
Present Day
April 1865
Important Topics of
the Civil War and
North Carolina in the
Civil War
54th Massachusetts Volunteer
Infantry
The 1st union infantry regiment made up of only
African-Americans in the United States Civil War.
54th Massachusetts Volunteer
Infantry
The 54th’s most famous action was the unsuccessful
storming of Fort Wagner near Charleston, S.C.
Colonel
Robert
Gould
Shaw, the
commanding
officer of
The 54th.
The 54th storming Fort Wagner
Blockade Running
Because of the lack of
manufacturing in the
South, the need for war
supplies and the
Anaconda Plan, the
Confederacy had to rely
on fast steamships to
“run the blockade” and
get supplies from
Europe. Wilmington,
N.C. was the
Confederacy’s best
blockade running port.
Union attacks in North Carolina
From 1861 until 1865, all Union attacks in North Carolina
were centered around its coastline, especially the outer
banks which the Confederacy did not try very hard to
protect. However, the Confederacy did protect its supply
lifeline from its best blockade running port to Richmond,
Virginia. What was that supply lifeline?
The Wilmington
and Weldon Railroad
The Albemarle
Like the Monitor and Merrimack, North
Carolina built its own Ironclad ship, known
as “The Albemarle.”
Fort Fisher
Known as the “Gibraltar of the South”, Fort Fisher guarded
the entrance to the Cape Fear River and the Port of
Wilmington. It was made up of “earthworks.” In other
words, it was like a gigantic L shaped sandcastle. Because
it was made up largely of sand, artillery like cannonballs
did little damage to it. The Union did not capture Fort
Fisher until 1865, the last year of the war.
Fort Fisher
North Carolina Civil War Statistics
96% of all North Carolina men
between the age of 20-60 served in
the Confederate Army.
North Carolina troops made up more
than 1/6 of the Confederate Army.
40,000 North Carolinians died in the
Civil War, more than any other state
in the Confederacy.
Civil War Confederate Battle
Deaths
http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm