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PSY110 Psychology
Chapter 3 Study Guide
Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
Module 8
1. The process by which the sense organs receive information from the environment is
known as
A) sensation.
B) perception.
C) evaluation.
D) intuition.
2. When the brain organizes, interprets, and analyzes information from the environment,
______ occurs.
A) sensation
B) perception
C) thinking
D) intuition
3. Which of the following are subdivisions of the sense of vision?
A) day vision
B) day and night vision
C) night and peripheral vision
D) day, night, and peripheral vision
4. Dr. Levine is interested in how physical aspects of stimuli affect a group's psychological
experiences with them. Dr. Levine is probably a
A) motivational psychologist.
B) social psychologist.
C) psychophysicist.
D) cognitive psychologist.
5. Paul turns on the radio in his car, and he slowly increases the volume until he can just
hear the music. The point at which he first detects the music is the
A) stimulus adjustment level.
B) auditory differential.
C) absolute threshold.
D) difference threshold.
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6. The absolute threshold refers to the
A) smallest intensity of a stimulus that can be detected.
B) strongest intensity of a stimulus that people can withstand without pain.
C) moment at which sensation ends and perception begins.
D) minimum increase in stimulation that is required to detect a change in stimulation.
7. One type of difference threshold refers to the
A) smallest intensity of a stimulus that can be detected.
B) strongest intensity of a stimulus that people can withstand without pain.
C) moment at which sensation ends and perception begins.
D) minimum increase in stimulation that is required to detect a change in stimulation.
8. If you are continuously exposed to a stimulus that does not vary in intensity, you are
likely to experience
A) adaptation.
B) assimilation.
C) the Weber effect.
D) the stimulation overload effect.
Module 9
9. The ______ refracts light as it reaches the eye so that the light is more sharply focused.
A) retina
B) cornea
C) fovea
D) lens
10. Light receptor cells that have a thin, cylindrical appearance and that are concentrated
outside the fovea are known as
A) optic nerves.
B) rods.
C) cones.
D) color cells.
11. The greatest concentration of cones can be found in the eye's
A) cornea.
B) optic nerve.
C) lens.
D) fovea.
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12. Imagine that you visit a haunted house that contains many rooms. The first room is very
bright and has many lamps so that you can read warning signs on the wall. As you enter
the next room, you realize that there are no lights now and you can't see very well. Only
after being in this new room for a few minutes do you begin to notice details of the
room. You are experiencing the phenomenon known as
A) dark adaptation.
B) peripheral vision.
C) cone deprivation.
D) fear constriction.
13. According to research, the rate at which light adaptation occurs is _____ the rate at
which dark adaptation occurs.
A) equivalent to
B) slower than
C) faster than
D) cannot say; the processes rely on different parts of the eye and thus should not be
compared.
14. Rods contain the chemical ______, and its properties change when it is stimulated by
light.
A) oxytocin
B) occipital acid
C) rhodopsin
D) quinpirole
15. The optic nerve is a structure that is composed of _____ cells.
A) bipolar
B) ganglion
C) corneal
D) foveal
16. Because there are no rods and cones in the opening for the optic nerve, there is a hole in
the field of vision. This hole is often referred to as the
A) visual vacuum.
B) blind spot.
C) optic chiasm
D) peripheral vision.
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17. The theory that offers the most plausible explanation for why people experience
afterimages is
A) opponent-process theory.
B) trichromatic theory of color vision.
C) color-blindness theory.
D) occipital sensation theory.
Module 10
18. The ear plays an important role in which of the following phenomena?
A) hearing
B) hearing and motion
C) motion and balance
D) hearing, motion, and balance
19. The ______ divides the cochlea into an upper and lower chamber, and it is lined with
hair cells that respond to sound vibrations.
A) anvil
B) basilar membrane
C) auditory ridge
D) hammer
20. The number of sound wave cycles that occur each second is called
A) amplitude.
B) volume.
C) wavelength.
D) frequency.
21. The idea that different areas of the basilar membrane are sensitive to different
frequencies is reflected in
A) frequency theory of hearing.
B) place theory of hearing.
C) auditory gradient theory.
D) inner ear discrepancy theory.
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22. Tiny crystals in the semicircular canals that help regulate motion and balance are called
A) motion receptors.
B) otoliths.
C) umami.
D) follicular cells.
23. Research tends to suggest that
A) men have a keener sense of smell than women.
B) women have a keener sense of smell than men.
C) there are no differences between men's and women's sense of smell.
D) men are better than women at detecting pheromones.
24. ____ are chemicals that are secreted into the environment to produce reactions
(sometimes sexual) in other members of the same species.
A) Lipoids
B) Pheromones
C) Hormones
D) Sexual receptors
25. Psychologists have identified ___ basic receptor cells that are associated with taste.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
26. Ted drinks a cup of hot coffee and scorches several of his taste buds. On average, how
long will Ted have to wait for new taste buds to appear?
A) 10 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 10 days
D) 24 days
27. Which of the following are considered the basic skin senses?
A) touch
B) touch and pressure
C) pressure and temperature
D) touch, pressure, and temperature
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28. The chemical that transmits pain messages to the brain is known as
A) amino acid.
B) oxytocin.
C) quinpirole.
D) substance P.
Module 11
29. You see a picture of 5 people standing together in front of a small pond. As a part of the
_____, the people likely grab your immediate attention; the features surrounding them,
like the pond, would be considered the ____.
A) midpoint; noise
B) figure; ground
C) noise; ground
D) midpoint; figure
30. When perception is influenced by knowledge, experience, and expectations, what type
of processing occurs?
A) syllogistic
B) reductionistic
C) bottom-up
D) top-down
31. When a person's perceptions are based on an analysis of the individual parts of some
stimulus, then _____ processing occurs.
A) bottom-up
B) top-down
C) syllogistic
D) wholistic
32. Perceptual constancy has been observed with which of the following features?
A) size
B) size and color
C) shape and color
D) size, color, and shape
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33. You can see your friend who is standing about 100 yards from you, and you can also see
your psychology professor who is standing 5 feet from you. Your ability to detect such
distances is due to
A) stimulus variability.
B) perceptual constancy.
C) depth perception.
D) two-dimensional processing.
34. Which of the following is considered a monocular cue?
A) motion parallax
B) motion parallax and relative size
C) relative size and texture gradient
D) motion parallax, relative size, and texture gradient
35. If you judge how far an object is from you by evaluating the distinctiveness of its
features, then you are relying on
A) motion parallax.
B) relative size.
C) texture gradient.
D) binocular cues.
36. Your roommate throws a pillow at you. As the pillow moves away from your roommate
and closer to you,
A) the image on the retina will become larger.
B) the image on the retina will become smaller.
C) the fovea will constrict.
D) the fovea will round.
37. A physical stimulus that reliably produces an error in perception is a(n)
A) optical chiasm.
B) hypnotic state.
C) visual illusion.
D) hallucination.
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38. The president of your school wants to make the campus a safer place by encouraging
student drivers to travel at slow speeds. What visual illusion could the president use to
achieve this goal?
A) Make sure the campus buildings along the roads have a curved roof.
B) Paint white stripes along the roads through the campus.
C) Change the color of road signs, so that red is not used only for stop-signs.
D) Avoid creating streets that intersect at right-angles.
39. If a person perceives a message without being aware of it, then
A) subliminal perception has occurred.
B) visual illusions have occurred.
C) explicit processing has occurred.
D) the person would be considered intellectually gifted.
40. Most psychologists once believed that extrasensory perception did not exist. However,
some psychologists are reconsidering their position as a result of research on
A) subliminal perception.
B) psi.
C) the psyche.
D) EEGs.
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