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1. Introduction to Christiantiy A. Jesus (4? BC – AD 33?) Christology Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) B. Branches of Christianity 1. Nestorians “Church of the East” Council of Ephesus (431) Nestorius (d. 451) “Theotokos” 2. Monophysites “Oriental Orthodox” (Coptic, Armenian, Syrian, Ethiopian) Council of Chalcedon (451) monos [one] physis [nature] 3. [Eastern] Orthodox Church Points of dispute filioque Schism (1054) patriarch Michael Cerularius in 1054 Orthodox ecclesiology autocephalous vs. autonomous Constantinople 4. Uniate (“Eastern Catholic” or “Eastern-rite Catholic”) 5. Protestant sola fide (by faith alone), sola scriptura (by scriptures alone) C. The Seven Sacraments “sacramentum” Augustine (354-413 AD) Peter Lombard matter + form + intent valid valid + intent efficactious 1. Baptism 2. Confirmation 3. Eucharist [=Lord’s Supper, Mass] “Thanksgiving” Catholic transubstantiation vs. Lutheran consubtantiation vs. Calvinist virtualism 4. Penance 5. Extreme Unction 6. Ordination 7. Matrimony D. The Bible biblia “books” 1. Development Old Testament and New Testament 2. Authority Hermeneutics John Cassian (360-435) Littera gesta docet Quid credas allegoria Moralis quid agas Quo tendas anagogia The letter (= “literal”) teaches what happened, the allegorical what to believe, The moral what to do, the anagogical toward what to aspire. e.g. Matthew 1:1 “(The) book of generation of Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham”