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Respiratory System Chapter 46 Section 3 46.3 A Internal and External Respiration • External Respiration- __________ __ __________ between atmosphere and blood in the lungs • • • Internal Respiration-exchange of gases between the _________ ___ _____ ____ Why? Because of cellular respiration, where cells use the oxygen to ________ ______ from sugar and the by products are CO2 and water. • • • • 46.3 B Nose Nose- Air enters through the nostrils and then moves back into the nasal passages. The nasal passages ________ ______ ____ ________ the air. _________ line the passages to collect dust, bacteria and other pollutants. _________is also created to help moisten the air passages and aid ___________ _________. 46.3 C Pharynx • ___________- also called the _____________, air moves down through the throat • The _______________ cover the wind pipe when food and drink is consumed. 46.3 D Larynx ________-also called the ____ ____, air moves over 2 pairs of tight ____________ that ____________ and allow for sound. 46.3 E Trachea • ___________-also called the ___________. • Cilia and mucus also coat the trachea, they move any pollutants from the wind pipe up into the pharynx where they can be ________________. • The trachea connects to the lungs. 46.3 F Bronchi • The trachea divides into two large lungs, the __________ branch out into the lungs like tree limbs. • The Lungs are found in the ___________ cavity. • Lining the cavity is a thin tissue called __________ which is like a sac with fluid in it. Reduces friction. 46.3 G Bronchioles • ___________- smaller pieces off of the bronchi that continue to branch and divide into tiny tubes. 46.3 H Alveoli • ___________-found at the very end of a bronchiole. They are tiny air sacs. This is where the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide actually takes place. • __________ of the substances is because of movement from high concentration to low concentration. • ___________ a protein in the blood cells helps to carry more oxygen than if it was just dissolved in the plasma. 1 • Each alveoli is surrounded by ___________ They are very tiny, about 1 cell thick. 46.3 I Diaphragm • The ___________, located below the lungs, is the major ___________ of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, ______________. 46.3 J Mechanism of Breathing • Upon ______________, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity ______________. This contraction creates a _________, which pulls air into the lungs. • Upon ___________, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is _______ out of the lungs. 46.3 K Control of Breathing • The control of breathing is done by the __________. • Sensors in the blood stream sense high concentrations of ________ and then send signals to the diaphragm to increase breathing. • You can ____________ stop your own breathing by thinking about it but normal control happens when you stop thinking about it. 46.3 L Asthma • Asthma- ______________ of the airways to the lungs 46.3 M Asthma cont. • Asthma is usually due to an ________ ________ ___________ to allergens or chemicals in the environment. One major environmental cause can be _______ ______ ________. Another cause can be can be pollutants in the air and then trying to exercise on top of that. 46.3 Respiratory System Vocabulary 1. Nose 2. Epiglottis 3. Pharynx 4. Larynx 5. Trachea 6. Bronchioles 7. Alveoli (alveolus) 8. Epiglottis 9. cilia ___Small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place ___Voice box ___Throat ___Hairs in the respiratory system which trap foreign material and push it back to the throat to be swallowed. ___Tube lower than the throat but below the voice box ___First branch which goes into the lungs from the bronchi ___This covers the opening to the lungs when food or drink is consumed ___First place air goes toward the lung and where air gets moistened and particles get trapped 2 46.3 Respiratory Vocabulary cont 1. Hemoglobin 2. Pleura 3. Bronchioles 4. Inspiration 5. Expiration 6. Bronchus 7. External respiration 8. Internal respiration 9. mucus __Breathing in __Breathing out __One of two main branches of the tubes of respiration __Thick fluid found in the throat and lungs used to trap bacteria __A protein molecule that helps to carry oxygen in the blood cells __The lining of the lung cavity which produces fluid to reduce friction __Exchange of gases between the air and the blood __Exchange of gases between the blood and the cells 46.3 Objectives (full sentence complete answers) 1. List the structures involved in external respiration AND THEIR MAIN ROLE IN RESPIRATION. B C D E F G H I 2. Explain the mechanism of breathing- (this will be on the quiz as an essay) 3. Contrast the differences between external respiration and cellular respiration(this one will also be on the quiz as an essay) 4. What is Asthma? – 5. What causes Asthma? 3