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Christ The King School (b) Give two structures a bacterial cell may have that a white blood cell does not have. 1 ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ 2 ..................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ (2) Q2. Different cells in the body have different functions. (a) Some white blood cells are phagocytic. Describe how these phagocytic white blood cells destroy bacteria. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (Extra space) ............................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... (4) (b Page 1 Christ The King School Q3. (a) Describe how each of the following parts of the body is protected to prevent microorganisms entering living cells. (i) Skin ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (1) (ii) Lungs ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (1) (iii) Eyes ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (1) (b) Describe how macrophages help to prevent the spread of microorganisms that enter the blood and other tissues. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... (2) (Total 5 marks) Page 2 Christ The King School (b) Two suitable structures;; Examples, 1. Cell wall; 2. Capsule / slime layer; 3. Circular DNA; Reject “circular chromosome” 4. Naked DNA / DNA without histones; 5. Flagellum; 6. Plasmid; 7. Pilus; 8. 70s / smaller ribosomes; 9. Mesosome; 2 max [5] M2. (a) 1. Phagocyte attracted to bacteria by chemicals / recognise antigens on bacteria as foreign; 2. Engulf / ingest bacteria; 3. Bacteria in vacuole / vesicle; 4. Lysosome fuses with / empties enzymes into vacuole; 5. Bacteria digested / hydrolysed; 1. Accept names chemical e.g. toxin 2. Allow description of engulfing 3. Accept: bacteria in phagosome 5. Neutral: Break down 5. Accept digestive enzymes destroy bacteria 5. Do not accept “destroy bacteria” as it is in question stem 4 max [10] Page 3 Christ The King School M3. (a) (i) dead cells / keratin as barrier; (sweat and sebum neutral) (accept (commensal) skin flora kill / compete with microbe) (accept skin acidity kills microbes) 1 (ii) mucus traps microorganisms; (cilia neutral) 1 (iii) tears contain lysozyme / contain enzymes which kill microbes; (accept bactericide) 1 (b) move to site of infection; phagocytosis / engulf bacteria; (digest neutral) stimulate (T)-lymphocytes / B cells / T cells; 2 max [5] Page 4