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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
1. (a) (i) vertebrates do not accept ‘vertebrae’ 1 (L5) (ii) reptiles 1 (L5) (b) any one from so that it can bend to allow movement 1 (L5) (c) any one from to stop the bones rubbing together accept ‘it reduces friction’ to stop bones getting worn down to cushion the bones accept ‘it can be squashed’ accept ‘it absorbs shock’ 1 (L5) (d) the biceps contracts the triceps relaxes both answers are required for the mark 1 (L6) [5] 2. (a) (i) any two from 2 (L3) • one has spots accept ‘the spots’ or ‘it has different markings’ • one has upright or floppy or pointy ears accept ‘the ears’ • one has a straight or curvy or bent snout accept ‘(longer) nose or snout or face’ accept ‘shape of head’ • different shaped body accept ‘fatter’ or ‘thinner’ ‘different shaped’ or ‘bigger’ are insufficient • one is darker or lighter accept ‘they are different colours’ ‘skin’ is insufficient accept ‘length of legs’ (ii) The Crypt School • variations if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L3) 1 (b) any one from 1 (L3) • upright ears accept ‘the ears’ accept ‘shape of head or body’ • its snout is longer accept ‘its snout’ • its legs are longer accept ‘its legs’ accept ‘thinner’ or ‘it is thin’ ‘smaller’ is insufficient (c) (i) • egg cell 1 (L4) • sperm cell 1 (L4) if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct one mark for each incorrect tick minimum mark zero (ii) • fertilisation if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L4) [7] 3. (a) any one from 1 (L7) has tail or flagellum it is streamlined accept ‘it has a pointed head’ accept ‘it only contains half the number of chromosomes’ (b) cilia move or push the egg (c) any three from from the mother’s intestine accept ‘to waft the egg along’ 1 (L7) 3 (L7) accept ‘through the mother’s gut’ carried in the mother’s blood through the placenta into the blood of the foetus along the umbilical cord [5] The Crypt School 2 4. accept ‘blood cell’ or ‘erythrocyte’ (a) red blood cell (b) (i) B 1 (ii) A 1 (i) testis or testicle 1 (ii) leaf (c) accept ‘stem’ or ‘sepal’ or ‘stalk’ 1 1 or ‘any green part’ [5] 5. (a) (i) • A and C answers may be in either order both the letters and the reason are required for the mark ‘A and C are the same’ is insufficient 1 (L3) any one from • grass has germinated or grown accept ‘A and C have hair’ accept ‘something has grown in A and C’ accept ‘they have hair’ accept ‘they have longer or more grass’ • seeds did not germinate or grow in B accept ‘B has no hair’ ‘seeds need water to grow’ is insufficient (ii) any one from 1 (L4) • it would have longer grass accept ‘it had more grass or more hair’ • the grass would have grown more accept ‘it grew more or faster’ accept ‘it would have grown less because it was over-watered’ ‘it would be greener’ is insufficient ‘it would be healthier’ is insufficient (b) any one from 1 (L3) • it grew towards the light • that is where the light is coming from accept ‘it grew towards the Sun’ accept ‘to get light or sunlight’ accept ‘plants or grass need light’ accept ‘to get more Sun’ ‘because of the sunlight’ is insufficient ‘to get more heat’ is insufficient The Crypt School 3 (c) (i) • B 1 (L4) if more than one box is ticked, award no mark (ii) any two from 2 (L4) • water accept ‘moisture’ or ‘dampness’ • oxygen • minerals accept a named mineral accept ‘nutrients’ or ‘salts’ accept, for two marks, two named minerals such as ‘nitrates’ and ‘phosphates’ do not accept ‘plant food’ or ‘food’ or ‘nutrition’ [6] 6. (a) (i) any one from it is long and spindly 1 (L3) accept ‘it is tall’ or ‘it has grown more’ accept ‘it is thinner’ or ‘it is thin’ the leaves are far apart the leaves are white or pale (ii) The Crypt School accept ‘the leaves are yellow’ accept ‘it is lighter’ accept ‘it has no chlorophyll’ accept ‘its leaves are a different colour’ ‘they are shrivelled or crinkled’ is insufficient any one from 1 (L3) it has wilted accept ‘it is not turgid’ ‘it has dried out’ is insufficient it has drooped accept ‘leaves pointing down’ the leaves are floppy accept ‘it is floppy’ accept ‘it has shrivelled’ ‘it has died’ is insufficient ‘it is discoloured’ is insufficient 4 (b) any two from 2 (L4) water accept ‘H2O’ accept ‘moisture’ minerals accept a named mineral award two marks for two named minerals accept ‘nutrients’ or ‘salts’ do not accept ‘food’ oxygen [4] 7. (a) 40 1 (b) (i) it had evaporated (ii) any two from it got warmer accept ‘had become gas or vapour’ 1 2 accept ‘the Sun shone on it’ or ‘it got hotter’ or ‘it was hot’ or ‘it got warm’ do not accept ‘it was warm’ there was a breeze accept ‘it was by an open window’ or ‘the windows were opened’ do not accept ‘it was by a window’ it got less humid or drier accept ‘it was not humid’ or ‘it was dry’ [4] 8. (a) (i) magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide do not accept formulae (ii) any one from do not accept ‘air’ for oxygen 2 (L6) 1 (L6) the oxygen had mass oxygen was added to the magnesium accept ‘magnesium has gained an element’ the magnesium has reacted with oxygen accept ‘magnesium is now part of a compound’ (b) oxygen The Crypt School accept ‘O2’ 1 (L5) 5 (c) accept ‘ZnO’ zinc oxide (d) 1 (L6) 1 (L6) chemical change physical change A B C all three ticks are required for the mark [6] 9. (a) • 3 (L3) solid to liquid evaporating liquid to gas melting gas to liquid condensing liquid to solid freezing award three marks for all four correct lines award two marks for any three correct lines award one mark for any two correct lines if more than one line is drawn from any change of state, do not credit that change of state (b) • 0 °C accept ‘zero’ 1 (L4) do not accept ‘nothing’ (c) • it decreased accept ‘it got colder’ ‘it dropped to below 0°C’ is insufficient any references to time are insufficient The Crypt School 1 (L3) 6 (d) • Sand increases friction between car tyres and the road. 2 (L4) • Salt makes ice melt. if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct a mark for each incorrect box minimum of zero [7] 10. (a) (b) (i) C 1 (L7) (ii) D 1 (L7) (iii) A and B answers may be in either order both answers are required for the mark 1 (L7) (iv) A and D answers may be in either order both answers are required for the mark 1 (L7) (v) C 1 (L7) (i) the same (ii) a random, mixed arrangement of both types of molecule should be drawn with the molecules not touching each other accept ‘seven’ 1 (L7) 1 (L7) [7] 11. (a) (b) very high melting point answers may be in either order 1 (L3) good conductor of heat do not accept ‘good conductor’ 1 (L3) (i) good conductor of electricity do not accept ‘good conductor’ 1 (L3) (ii) can be compressed 1 (L4) [4] The Crypt School 7 12. (a) (i) helium is less dense than air accept ‘helium is lighter than air’ 1 (L7) accept ‘the upthrust on the helium balloon is greater than the weight of the balloon’ (ii) any one from 1 (L7) the air in the balloon is denser than the air in the room accept ‘the air in the balloon is compressed’ the rubber has weight accept ‘rubber is heavier than air’ accept ‘the rubber is denser than air’ accept ‘the upthrust on the air balloon is less than the weight of the balloon’ (b) any one from air is a mixture 1 (L7) accept ‘air contains different gases’ air is not a single element or compound ‘air is not a single substance’ is not sufficient (c) (d) (i) B 1 (L7) (ii) C 1 (L7) (iii) G 1 (L7) (i) any one from 1 (L7) helium particles are smaller accept ‘molecules’ or ‘atoms’ for particles helium particles move faster (ii) any one from 1 (L7) aluminium particles or atoms are closer together rubber particles or molecules are further apart accept ‘rubber particles or molecules have bigger gaps between them’ [8] The Crypt School 8 13. do not accept ‘120’ (a) 121 (b) (i) Q 1 (L5) (ii) S 1 (L5) (i) 0 and 5 both stages are required for the mark 1 (L5) (ii) 10 and 15 both stages are required for the mark 1 (L5) (c) 1 (L5) [5] 14. (a) The first marking point is for the transfer of energy from water to turbine. The second marking point is for the transfer of energy from turbine to generator. The third marking point is for the transfer of energy away from the generator. any two from 2 potential energy in the water to kinetic energy in the turbine accept ‘P.E. to K.E.’ accept ‘transferred from the water to the turbine’ accept ‘K.E. in the water to K.E. in the turbine’ accept ‘P.E. in the water to K.E. in the water’ kinetic energy in the turbine to kinetic energy in the generator accept ‘transferred from the turbine to the generator’ kinetic energy in the generator to electrical energy in the circuit accept ‘KE. to electrical energy’ accept ‘from the generator to the circuit’ accept ‘transferred from the generator by electricity’ accept ‘KE. in the turbine to electrical energy in the circuit’ accept ‘potential energy in the water to electrical energy in the circuit’ for both marks accept ‘P.E. to electrical energy’ or ‘from the water to the circuit’ for one mark (b) any one from 1 because the Moon’s pull or gravity is always there because the tides or the water cannot run out or be used up accept ‘because there are tides every day’ or ‘because there is an endless supply’ (c) • from wave energy or from the waves accept ‘Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion’ or ‘OTEC’ do not accept ‘hydro-electric power’ The Crypt School 1 9 (d) it is easier to control or it can be turned on when it is needed 1 accept ‘the tides only give power at certain times’ or ‘you can build an oil-fired power station anywhere’ or ‘it is smaller` any one from oil is non-renewable accept ‘oil will run out’ it causes pollution accept ‘it gives out greenhouse gases’ or ‘it can cause oil spills’ [6] 15. (a) 2 (L3) air movement solar cells chemicals sunlight petrol generator heat if more than one line is drawn from either method, award no mark for that method (b) (i) The Crypt School no light accept ‘no rays from the Sun’ do not accept ‘no heat from the Sun’ accept ‘no sunshine’ accept ‘not enough light’ accept ‘it is dark’ accept ‘they cannot collect the Sun’s energy at night’ accept ‘because they need light to work’ accept ‘no Sun’ 1 (L3) 10 (ii) it might not be windy accept ‘no wind’ the wind might not be strong enough accept ‘needs air movement’ or ‘wind’ accept ‘sometimes the wind is weak’ accept ‘sometimes the wind is stronger’ 1 (L3) [4] 16. (a) any two from oil 2 accept ‘petrol’ or ‘diesel’ or ‘kerosene’ coal (b) natural gas accept ‘peat’ or ‘turf accept ‘gas’ four or all of them fossil fuels and wood’ accept ‘water behind dams, the wind, 1 [3] 17. (a) (b) accept ‘they expand’ or ‘they get bigger’ (i) they increase (ii) they will decrease accept ‘they will get smaller’ or ‘they will shrink’ or ‘they get filled up’ do not accept ‘they get closer together’ 1 (iii) they might bend or crack or break up 1 it can flow when the gaps get smaller or so that the gaps can shrink accept ‘ it can get squeezed out’ or ‘it can be squashed’ or ‘it can flow’ accept ‘it lets the concrete expand’ or ‘so that the road does not get damaged’ 1 1 [4] The Crypt School 11