Download Energy and Forces Mark Scheme - crypt

1.
(a)
(b)
(i)
• C
accept ‘down’
1 (L3)
(ii)
• A
accept ‘up’
1 (L3)
(i)
• increases
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
(ii)
any one from
1 (L4)
• there are two people on the same or Jo’s trapeze
• the weight is greater
• there is Sara as well
accept ‘Sara is pulling on Jo’
this mark cannot be awarded if the response given conflicts with part
(b)(i)
‘the force is greater’ is insufficient
‘it is heavier’ is insufficient as ‘it’ refers to force
(c)
• it decreases
accept ‘it is less’
1 (L4)
accept ‘there is less weight on it’
accept ‘there is no force’ or ‘it becomes zero’
‘it springs back up’ is insufficient
[5]
2.
(a)
walls
1 (L3)
(b)
(i)
roof
1 (L3)
(ii)
any one from
1 (L4)
• it now loses 700 (J)
accept ‘it is only 700’
‘it is 700’ is insufficient
• the energy is less (than before)
accept ‘it was 3 400 (J)’
• the energy or heat is different
accept ‘it has gone down’
• all the others do not change
accept ‘insulation reduces heat loss’
‘insulation keeps heat in’ is insufficient
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(c)
(i)
coal
1 (L4)
‘solid’ is insufficient
‘25 000 J’ is insufficient
(ii)
it is a gas
accept ‘physical state’
1 (L4)
(iii)
no sulphur dioxide (is given off)
accept ‘it says no in the sulphur dioxide column’
do not accept ‘it has no sulphur dioxide in it’
accept ‘there is no sulphur in it’
1 (L4)
[6]
3.
(a)
3 (L3)
A
the weight of the
buggy
B
the force pulling the
buggy along
C
the friction between the
skis and the snow
D
if more than one line is drawn from any one force award no mark for
that force
(b)
800
1 (L4)
accept ‘80 x 10’
(c)
any one from
1 (L4)
 it weighed more
 the mass was greater
accept ‘it was heavier’
 it weighed less at the end
accept ‘it only weighed 130 at the end’
accept ‘there was more food or fuel or supplies’
accept ‘more pressure’
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2
(d)
any one from
 they spread out the weight
accept ‘wheels sink’
1 (L4)
accept ‘they do not sink into the snow’
 they have a bigger surface or area
 they can slide easily
accept ‘they reduce the pressure’
accept ‘less friction’
‘they are bigger’ is insufficient
‘it can slide’ is insufficient
(e)
any one from
1 (L4)
 there is a bigger surface or area
 there is a bigger force
 it catches more air or wind
do not accept ‘there is more air resistance’
[7]
4.
(a)

if more than one box is ticked,
award no mark
1 (L4)
(b)
an arrow pointing down, labelled F
accept a correct arrow without a
label
1 (L3)
(c)
(i)
arrow pointing up, labelled M accept a correct arrow without a
label
1 (L3)
(ii)
any one from
1 (L4)
 an upward force
 the spring
accept ‘tension’
do not accept ‘upthrust’
(d)
Air resistance slows it down. 
award no mark
if more than one box is ticked,
1 (L4)
[5]
5.
(a)
(i)
5
1 (L4)
(ii)
60
1 (L4)
(iii)
thermal
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accept ‘heat’
1 (L4)
3
(b)
radio
(c)
light bulb
1 (L4)
accept ‘bulb’ or ‘light’ or ‘lamp’
1 (L3)
[5]
6.
(a)
any one from
1 (L5)
 to see how much the temperature went up
 to work out the temperature rise
(b)
do not accept ‘to make it a fair test’
any one from
1 (L5)
 yes because the smaller the volume the greater the rise in temperature
 yes because the greater the volume the smaller the rise in temperature
(c)
any one from
1 (L5)
 it distributed the hot water throughout the beaker
 it made sure the water was heated evenly
 to make sure the temperature of the water was the same throughout
do not accept ‘the water heats up more quickly’
(d)
The same amount of energy went into all three beakers. 
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)
(e)
any one from
1 (L6)
 it decreased or got less
accept ‘it leaked out’ or ‘it was lost’
accept ‘it evaporated some of the water’
 it was transferred to the surroundings
accept ‘it heated up the air’
[5]
7.
(a)
answers must give a definition of biomass and not just provide examples
material from living things or plant matter
(b)
the Sun
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accept ‘sunlight’ or ‘the Big Bang’
do not accept ‘light’ or ‘photosynthesis’
1 (L6)
1 (L6)
4
(c)
coal
1 (L5)
oil
natural gas or methane
answers may be in any order
all three fossil fuels are required for the mark accept ‘gas’
for natural gas
accept ‘peat’ as one of the three fossil fuels
(d)
they cannot be replaced or no more can be produced
accept ‘they get used up’
do not accept ‘they cannot be used again’
1 (L6)
(e)
(i)
1 (L6)
any one from
 it is renewable
 it is widely available
accept ‘you can grow more of it’
accept ‘it will conserve fossil fuels’
do not accept ‘it is cheaper to produce’
(ii)
any one from
1 (L6)
 it takes up less space
 it is more suitable for use in vehicles
 it contains more energy per unit mass
accept ‘it is more concentrated’
accept ‘it can be transported more easily’
(iii)
any one from
1 (L6)
 pollution
 they release greenhouse gases
accept a specific example of a pollutant eg. ’carbon dioxide is
released’
[7]
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8.
(a)
The first marking point is for the transfer of energy from water to turbine.
The second marking point is for the transfer of energy from turbine to generator.
The third marking point is for the transfer of energy away from the generator.
any two from
2
 potential energy in the water to kinetic energy in the turbine
accept ‘P.E. to K.E.’
accept ‘transferred from the water to the turbine’
accept ‘K.E. in the water to K.E. in the turbine’
accept ‘P.E. in the water to K.E. in the water’
 kinetic energy in the turbine to kinetic energy in the generator
accept ‘transferred from the turbine to the generator’
 kinetic energy in the generator to electrical energy in the circuit
accept ‘KE. to electrical energy’
accept ‘from the generator to the circuit’
accept ‘transferred from the generator by electricity’
accept ‘KE. in the turbine to electrical energy in the circuit’
accept ‘potential energy in the water to electrical energy in the
circuit’ for both marks
accept ‘P.E. to electrical energy’
or ‘from the water to the circuit’ for one mark
(b)
any one from
1
 because the Moon’s pull or gravity is always there
 because the tides or the water cannot run out or be used up
accept ‘because there are tides every day’
or ‘because there is an endless supply’
(c)
• from wave energy or from the waves
accept ‘Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion’ or ‘OTEC’
do not accept ‘hydro-electric power’
(d)
it is easier to control or it can be turned on when it is needed
1
accept ‘the tides only give power at certain times’ or ‘you can build
an oil-fired power station anywhere’ or ‘it is smaller`
1
any one from
 oil is non-renewable
accept ‘oil will run out’
 it causes pollution
accept ‘it gives out greenhouse gases’
or ‘it can cause oil spills’
[6]
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9.
(a)
(b)
(i)
chemical
muscles
1 (L6)
1 (L6)
(ii)
as gravitational potential energy
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)
(i)
potential or stored to kinetic both parts are required for the mark 1 (L6)
accept ‘movement’ for kinetic
(ii)
kinetic to thermal or sound or elastic
both parts are required for the mark
accept ‘heat’ for thermal energy
accept ‘movement’ for kinetic
1 (L6)
[5]
10.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
A and F
answers may be in either order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L6)
(ii)
A
1 (L6)
(iii)
E
1 (L6)
(i)
gravity or gravitational force
(ii)
any one from
 friction
 drag
 water resistance
accept ‘weight’
1 (L6)
1 (L5)
accept ‘air resistance’
kinetic
1 (L5)
the last two answers may be in either order
sound
thermal
accept ‘heat’
1 (L5)
1 (L5)
[8]
11.
(a)
(i)
electrical
1 (L5)
(ii)
kinetic
accept ‘movement’
1 (L6)
(iii)
 gravitational potential
accept ‘gravitational’ or ‘potential’
1 (L6)
 kinetic or sound or thermal
accept ‘heat’ for thermal
accept for two marks ‘kinetic into sound’ or ’kinetic into thermal’
answers must be in the correct order
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1
7
(b)
advantage
1 (L5)
 the energy will always be replaced
accept ‘it will not run out’
 it is renewable
accept ‘it does not use fuel or mains
electricity’
 it is free to run
accept ‘it is cheap’
 a battery might leak
accept ‘no pollution with a solar cell’
disadvantage
1 (L5)
 if the Sun goes in the pump will stop
 it will not work at night or in the dark
accept ‘it must be in the Sun to work’
accept ‘it is not sunny all the time’
do not accept ‘can be used again’
[6]
12.
(a)
the spokes make it vibrate
accept ‘it vibrates’
accept ‘the spokes hit it many times each second’
1
(b)
(i)
kinetic energy in the wheel is transferred to the surroundings
by sound or heat
accept ‘K.E. to sound or heat’
or ‘from the wheel to the surroundings’
1
(ii)
it will get lower
accept ‘it will get flatter or deeper’
1
because the spokes do not hit the card so fast or so often or so frequently
accept ‘because there is a lower frequency of vibration’
1
[4]
13.
(a)
chemical
1 (L6)
accept ‘potential’
accept ‘kinetic or movement’
(b)
(i)
The Crypt School
50 J
1 (L7)
8
(ii)
any one from
accept ‘some energy or heat or sound is wasted’
‘heat or sound or friction’ are insufficient
1 (L7)
• energy is transferred as heat
‘some of the energy is lost’ is insufficient
• energy is transferred as sound
• friction or air resistance slows it down
accept ‘as it is still falling, some is still gravitational’
(c)
any two from
2 (L7)
• lift it to a greater height
accept ‘make the rod longer’
‘change the height or mass’ is insufficient
• make the mass more streamlined or aerodynamic
‘make the rod bigger’ is insufficient
‘drop it faster’ is insufficient
• push the mass down
accept ‘push it’
‘push the rod down’ is insufficient
• put grease or oil on the rod (to decrease friction)
accept ‘make the rod smoother’
‘use more force’ is insufficient
‘make the rod thinner’ is insufficient
accept ‘increase the mass’
(d)
A
1 (L7)
both blade A, and the correct explanation are required for the mark
if you divide the force by a smaller area, the pressure will be larger
accept ‘it has a smaller area (at that point)’
‘it is more pointed’ or ‘is it sharper’ are insufficient
‘force is more concentrated’ is insufficient
accept ‘the force is more concentrated on a smaller area’
do not accept ‘there will be more force’
do not accept responses that refer to ‘concentrated pressure’
[6]
14.
(a)
as kinetic energy
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
The Crypt School
1 (L6)
9
(b)
(i)
both the place and the method by which energy is lost are required
for each mark
answers may be in either order
 from the axle or bearings by heat or sound
accept ‘from the bearing by friction’ or ‘the bearings get hot
or ‘from the axle when it squeaks’
1 (L7)
 from the wires by heat
accept ‘the wires get hot’
1 (L7)
accept ‘from the dynamo as heat or sound’ or ‘from the dynamo when
it gets hot or squeaks’
do not accept ‘goes into the air as heat or sound’
(ii)
it slows down more quickly
accept ‘it rotates for a shorter time’
do not accept ‘it slows down’
1 (L7)
because it transfers energy to the bulb more quickly
accept ‘because it transfers more energy to the bulb’
do not accept ‘because it transfers energy to the bulb’
1 (L7)
[5]
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