Download 1. (a) (i) vertebrates 1 (L5) do not accept `vertebrae` (ii) reptiles 1 (L5

1.
(a)
(i)
vertebrates
do not accept ‘vertebrae’
1 (L5)
(ii)
reptiles
1 (L5)
(b)
any one from
 so that it can bend
 to allow movement
1 (L5)
(c)
any one from
 to stop the bones rubbing together accept ‘it reduces friction’
 to stop bones getting worn down
 to cushion the bones
accept ‘it can be squashed’
accept ‘it absorbs shock’
1 (L5)
(d)
the biceps contracts
the triceps relaxes
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L6)
[5]
2.
(a)
(i)
any two from
2 (L3)
• one has spots
accept ‘the spots’ or ‘it has different markings’
• one has upright or floppy or pointy ears
accept ‘the ears’
• one has a straight or curvy or bent snout
accept ‘(longer) nose or snout or face’
accept ‘shape of head’
• different shaped body
accept ‘fatter’ or ‘thinner’
‘different shaped’ or ‘bigger’ are insufficient
• one is darker or lighter
accept ‘they are different colours’
‘skin’ is insufficient
accept ‘length of legs’
(ii)
The Crypt School
• variations
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
1
(b)
any one from
1 (L3)
• upright ears
accept ‘the ears’
accept ‘shape of head or body’
• its snout is longer
accept ‘its snout’
• its legs are longer
accept ‘its legs’
accept ‘thinner’ or ‘it is thin’
‘smaller’ is insufficient
(c)
(i)
• egg cell
1 (L4)
• sperm cell
1 (L4)
if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct one mark for each incorrect
tick minimum mark zero
(ii)
• fertilisation
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
[7]
3.
(a)
any one from
1 (L7)
 has tail or flagellum
 it is streamlined
accept ‘it has a pointed head’
accept ‘it only contains half the number of chromosomes’
(b)
cilia move or push the egg
(c)
any three from
 from the mother’s intestine
accept ‘to waft the egg along’
1 (L7)
3 (L7)
accept ‘through the mother’s gut’
 carried in the mother’s blood
 through the placenta
 into the blood of the foetus
 along the umbilical cord
[5]
The Crypt School
2
4.
accept ‘blood cell’ or ‘erythrocyte’
(a)
red blood cell
(b)
(i)
B
1
(ii)
A
1
(i)
testis or testicle
1
(ii)
leaf
(c)
accept ‘stem’ or ‘sepal’ or ‘stalk’
1
1
or ‘any green part’
[5]
5.
(a)
(i)
• A and C
answers may be in either order
both the letters and the reason are required for the mark
‘A and C are the same’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
any one from
• grass has germinated or grown
accept ‘A and C have hair’
accept ‘something has grown in A and C’
accept ‘they have hair’
accept ‘they have longer or more grass’
• seeds did not germinate or grow in B
accept ‘B has no hair’
‘seeds need water to grow’ is insufficient
(ii)
any one from
1 (L4)
• it would have longer grass
accept ‘it had more grass or more hair’
• the grass would have grown more
accept ‘it grew more or faster’
accept ‘it would have grown less because it was over-watered’
‘it would be greener’ is insufficient
‘it would be healthier’ is insufficient
(b)
any one from
1 (L3)
• it grew towards the light
• that is where the light is coming from
accept ‘it grew towards the Sun’
accept ‘to get light or sunlight’
accept ‘plants or grass need light’
accept ‘to get more Sun’
‘because of the sunlight’ is insufficient
‘to get more heat’ is insufficient
The Crypt School
3
(c)
(i)
• B
1 (L4)
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
(ii)
any two from
2 (L4)
• water
accept ‘moisture’ or ‘dampness’
• oxygen
• minerals
accept a named mineral
accept ‘nutrients’ or ‘salts’
accept, for two marks, two named minerals such as ‘nitrates’ and
‘phosphates’
do not accept ‘plant food’ or ‘food’ or ‘nutrition’
[6]
6.
(a)
(i)
any one from
 it is long and spindly
1 (L3)
accept ‘it is tall’ or ‘it has grown more’
accept ‘it is thinner’ or ‘it is thin’
 the leaves are far apart
 the leaves are white or
pale
(ii)
The Crypt School
accept ‘the leaves are yellow’
accept ‘it is lighter’
accept ‘it has no chlorophyll’
accept ‘its leaves are a different colour’
‘they are shrivelled or crinkled’ is insufficient
any one from
1 (L3)
 it has wilted
accept ‘it is not turgid’
‘it has dried out’ is insufficient
 it has drooped
accept ‘leaves pointing down’
 the leaves are floppy
accept ‘it is floppy’
accept ‘it has shrivelled’
‘it has died’ is insufficient
‘it is discoloured’ is insufficient
4
(b)
any two from
2 (L4)
 water
accept ‘H2O’
accept ‘moisture’
 minerals
accept a named mineral
award two marks for two named minerals
accept ‘nutrients’ or ‘salts’
do not accept ‘food’
 oxygen
[4]
7.
(a)
40
1
(b)
(i)
it had evaporated
(ii)
any two from
 it got warmer
accept ‘had become gas or vapour’
1
2
accept ‘the Sun shone on it’ or ‘it got
hotter’ or ‘it was hot’ or ‘it got warm’
do not accept ‘it was warm’
 there was a breeze
accept ‘it was by an open window’ or ‘the windows were opened’
do not accept ‘it was by a window’
 it got less humid or drier
accept ‘it was not humid’ or ‘it was dry’
[4]
8.
(a)
(i)
magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide
do not accept formulae
(ii)
any one from
do not accept ‘air’ for oxygen
2 (L6)
1 (L6)
 the oxygen had mass
 oxygen was added to the magnesium
accept ‘magnesium has gained an element’
 the magnesium has reacted with oxygen
accept ‘magnesium is now part of a compound’
(b)
oxygen
The Crypt School
accept ‘O2’
1 (L5)
5
(c)
accept ‘ZnO’
zinc oxide
(d)
1 (L6)
1 (L6)
chemical
change
physical
change
A
B
C
all three ticks are required for the mark
[6]
9.
(a)
•
3 (L3)
solid to liquid
evaporating
liquid to gas
melting
gas to liquid
condensing
liquid to solid
freezing
award three marks for all four correct lines
award two marks for any three correct lines
award one mark for any two correct lines
if more than one line is drawn from any change of state, do not credit
that change of state
(b)
• 0 °C
accept ‘zero’
1 (L4)
do not accept ‘nothing’
(c)
• it decreased
accept ‘it got colder’
‘it dropped to below 0°C’ is insufficient
any references to time are insufficient
The Crypt School
1 (L3)
6
(d)
• Sand increases friction between
car tyres and the road.
2 (L4)
• Salt makes ice melt.
if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct a mark for each incorrect
box
minimum of zero
[7]
10.
(a)
(b)
(i)
C
1 (L7)
(ii)
D
1 (L7)
(iii)
A and B
answers may be in either order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L7)
(iv)
A and D
answers may be in either order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L7)
(v)
C
1 (L7)
(i)
the same
(ii)
a random, mixed arrangement of both types of molecule should be
drawn with the molecules not touching each other
accept ‘seven’
1 (L7)
1 (L7)
[7]
11.
(a)
(b)
very high melting point
answers may be in either order
1 (L3)
good conductor of heat
do not accept ‘good conductor’
1 (L3)
(i)
good conductor of electricity
do not accept ‘good conductor’
1 (L3)
(ii)
can be compressed
1 (L4)
[4]
The Crypt School
7
12.
(a)
(i)
helium is less dense than air
accept ‘helium is lighter than air’
1 (L7)
accept ‘the upthrust on the helium balloon is greater than the weight
of the balloon’
(ii)
any one from
1 (L7)
 the air in the balloon is denser than the air in the room
accept ‘the air in the balloon is compressed’
 the rubber has weight
accept ‘rubber is heavier than air’
accept ‘the rubber is denser than air’
accept ‘the upthrust on the air balloon is less than the weight of the
balloon’
(b)
any one from
 air is a mixture
1 (L7)
accept ‘air contains different gases’
 air is not a single element or compound
‘air is not a single substance’ is not sufficient
(c)
(d)
(i)
B
1 (L7)
(ii)
C
1 (L7)
(iii)
G
1 (L7)
(i)
any one from
1 (L7)
 helium particles are smaller
accept ‘molecules’ or ‘atoms’ for particles
 helium particles move faster
(ii)
any one from
1 (L7)
 aluminium particles or atoms are closer together
 rubber particles or molecules are further apart
accept ‘rubber particles or molecules have bigger gaps between them’
[8]
The Crypt School
8
13.
do not accept ‘120’
(a)
121
(b)
(i)
Q
1 (L5)
(ii)
S
1 (L5)
(i)
0 and 5
both stages are required for the mark 1 (L5)
(ii)
10 and 15
both stages are required for the mark 1 (L5)
(c)
1 (L5)
[5]
14.
(a)
The first marking point is for the transfer of energy from water to turbine.
The second marking point is for the transfer of energy from turbine to generator.
The third marking point is for the transfer of energy away from the generator.
any two from
2
 potential energy in the water to kinetic energy in the turbine
accept ‘P.E. to K.E.’
accept ‘transferred from the water to the turbine’
accept ‘K.E. in the water to K.E. in the turbine’
accept ‘P.E. in the water to K.E. in the water’
 kinetic energy in the turbine to kinetic energy in the generator
accept ‘transferred from the turbine to the generator’
 kinetic energy in the generator to electrical energy in the circuit
accept ‘KE. to electrical energy’
accept ‘from the generator to the circuit’
accept ‘transferred from the generator by electricity’
accept ‘KE. in the turbine to electrical energy in the circuit’
accept ‘potential energy in the water to electrical energy in the
circuit’ for both marks
accept ‘P.E. to electrical energy’
or ‘from the water to the circuit’ for one mark
(b)
any one from
1
 because the Moon’s pull or gravity is always there
 because the tides or the water cannot run out or be used up
accept ‘because there are tides every day’
or ‘because there is an endless supply’
(c)
• from wave energy or from the waves
accept ‘Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion’ or ‘OTEC’
do not accept ‘hydro-electric power’
The Crypt School
1
9
(d)
it is easier to control or it can be turned on when it is needed
1
accept ‘the tides only give power at certain times’ or ‘you can build
an oil-fired power station anywhere’ or ‘it is smaller`
any one from
 oil is non-renewable
accept ‘oil will run out’
 it causes pollution
accept ‘it gives out greenhouse gases’
or ‘it can cause oil spills’
[6]
15.
(a)
2 (L3)
air movement
solar cells
chemicals
sunlight
petrol generator
heat
if more than one line is drawn from either method, award no mark for
that method
(b)
(i)
The Crypt School
no light
accept ‘no rays from the Sun’
do not accept ‘no heat from the Sun’
accept ‘no sunshine’
accept ‘not enough light’
accept ‘it is dark’
accept ‘they cannot collect the Sun’s energy at night’
accept ‘because they need light to work’
accept ‘no Sun’
1 (L3)
10
(ii)
it might not be windy
accept ‘no wind’
the wind might not be strong enough
accept ‘needs air movement’ or ‘wind’
accept ‘sometimes the wind is weak’
accept ‘sometimes the wind is stronger’
1 (L3)
[4]
16.
(a)
any two from
 oil
2
accept ‘petrol’ or ‘diesel’ or ‘kerosene’
 coal
(b)
 natural gas
accept ‘peat’ or ‘turf
accept ‘gas’
four or all of them
fossil fuels and wood’
accept ‘water behind dams, the wind,
1
[3]
17.
(a)
(b)
accept ‘they expand’ or ‘they get bigger’
(i)
they increase
(ii)
they will decrease
accept ‘they will get smaller’
or ‘they will shrink’ or ‘they get filled up’
do not accept ‘they get closer together’
1
(iii)
they might bend or crack or break up
1
it can flow when the gaps get smaller or so that the gaps can shrink
accept ‘ it can get squeezed out’ or ‘it can be squashed’
or ‘it can flow’
accept ‘it lets the concrete expand’
or ‘so that the road does not get damaged’
1
1
[4]
The Crypt School
11