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1. (a) (b) (i) • C accept ‘down’ 1 (L3) (ii) • A accept ‘up’ 1 (L3) (i) • increases if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L3) (ii) any one from 1 (L4) • there are two people on the same or Jo’s trapeze • the weight is greater • there is Sara as well accept ‘Sara is pulling on Jo’ this mark cannot be awarded if the response given conflicts with part (b)(i) ‘the force is greater’ is insufficient ‘it is heavier’ is insufficient as ‘it’ refers to force (c) • it decreases accept ‘it is less’ 1 (L4) accept ‘there is less weight on it’ accept ‘there is no force’ or ‘it becomes zero’ ‘it springs back up’ is insufficient [5] 2. (a) walls 1 (L3) (b) (i) roof 1 (L3) (ii) any one from 1 (L4) • it now loses 700 (J) accept ‘it is only 700’ ‘it is 700’ is insufficient • the energy is less (than before) accept ‘it was 3 400 (J)’ • the energy or heat is different accept ‘it has gone down’ • all the others do not change accept ‘insulation reduces heat loss’ ‘insulation keeps heat in’ is insufficient The Crypt School 1 (c) (i) coal 1 (L4) ‘solid’ is insufficient ‘25 000 J’ is insufficient (ii) it is a gas accept ‘physical state’ 1 (L4) (iii) no sulphur dioxide (is given off) accept ‘it says no in the sulphur dioxide column’ do not accept ‘it has no sulphur dioxide in it’ accept ‘there is no sulphur in it’ 1 (L4) [6] 3. (a) 3 (L3) A the weight of the buggy B the force pulling the buggy along C the friction between the skis and the snow D if more than one line is drawn from any one force award no mark for that force (b) 800 1 (L4) accept ‘80 x 10’ (c) any one from 1 (L4) it weighed more the mass was greater accept ‘it was heavier’ it weighed less at the end accept ‘it only weighed 130 at the end’ accept ‘there was more food or fuel or supplies’ accept ‘more pressure’ The Crypt School 2 (d) any one from they spread out the weight accept ‘wheels sink’ 1 (L4) accept ‘they do not sink into the snow’ they have a bigger surface or area they can slide easily accept ‘they reduce the pressure’ accept ‘less friction’ ‘they are bigger’ is insufficient ‘it can slide’ is insufficient (e) any one from 1 (L4) there is a bigger surface or area there is a bigger force it catches more air or wind do not accept ‘there is more air resistance’ [7] 4. (a) if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L4) (b) an arrow pointing down, labelled F accept a correct arrow without a label 1 (L3) (c) (i) arrow pointing up, labelled M accept a correct arrow without a label 1 (L3) (ii) any one from 1 (L4) an upward force the spring accept ‘tension’ do not accept ‘upthrust’ (d) Air resistance slows it down. award no mark if more than one box is ticked, 1 (L4) [5] 5. (a) (i) 5 1 (L4) (ii) 60 1 (L4) (iii) thermal The Crypt School accept ‘heat’ 1 (L4) 3 (b) radio (c) light bulb 1 (L4) accept ‘bulb’ or ‘light’ or ‘lamp’ 1 (L3) [5] 6. (a) any one from 1 (L5) to see how much the temperature went up to work out the temperature rise (b) do not accept ‘to make it a fair test’ any one from 1 (L5) yes because the smaller the volume the greater the rise in temperature yes because the greater the volume the smaller the rise in temperature (c) any one from 1 (L5) it distributed the hot water throughout the beaker it made sure the water was heated evenly to make sure the temperature of the water was the same throughout do not accept ‘the water heats up more quickly’ (d) The same amount of energy went into all three beakers. if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L6) (e) any one from 1 (L6) it decreased or got less accept ‘it leaked out’ or ‘it was lost’ accept ‘it evaporated some of the water’ it was transferred to the surroundings accept ‘it heated up the air’ [5] 7. (a) answers must give a definition of biomass and not just provide examples material from living things or plant matter (b) the Sun The Crypt School accept ‘sunlight’ or ‘the Big Bang’ do not accept ‘light’ or ‘photosynthesis’ 1 (L6) 1 (L6) 4 (c) coal 1 (L5) oil natural gas or methane answers may be in any order all three fossil fuels are required for the mark accept ‘gas’ for natural gas accept ‘peat’ as one of the three fossil fuels (d) they cannot be replaced or no more can be produced accept ‘they get used up’ do not accept ‘they cannot be used again’ 1 (L6) (e) (i) 1 (L6) any one from it is renewable it is widely available accept ‘you can grow more of it’ accept ‘it will conserve fossil fuels’ do not accept ‘it is cheaper to produce’ (ii) any one from 1 (L6) it takes up less space it is more suitable for use in vehicles it contains more energy per unit mass accept ‘it is more concentrated’ accept ‘it can be transported more easily’ (iii) any one from 1 (L6) pollution they release greenhouse gases accept a specific example of a pollutant eg. ’carbon dioxide is released’ [7] The Crypt School 5 8. (a) The first marking point is for the transfer of energy from water to turbine. The second marking point is for the transfer of energy from turbine to generator. The third marking point is for the transfer of energy away from the generator. any two from 2 potential energy in the water to kinetic energy in the turbine accept ‘P.E. to K.E.’ accept ‘transferred from the water to the turbine’ accept ‘K.E. in the water to K.E. in the turbine’ accept ‘P.E. in the water to K.E. in the water’ kinetic energy in the turbine to kinetic energy in the generator accept ‘transferred from the turbine to the generator’ kinetic energy in the generator to electrical energy in the circuit accept ‘KE. to electrical energy’ accept ‘from the generator to the circuit’ accept ‘transferred from the generator by electricity’ accept ‘KE. in the turbine to electrical energy in the circuit’ accept ‘potential energy in the water to electrical energy in the circuit’ for both marks accept ‘P.E. to electrical energy’ or ‘from the water to the circuit’ for one mark (b) any one from 1 because the Moon’s pull or gravity is always there because the tides or the water cannot run out or be used up accept ‘because there are tides every day’ or ‘because there is an endless supply’ (c) • from wave energy or from the waves accept ‘Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion’ or ‘OTEC’ do not accept ‘hydro-electric power’ (d) it is easier to control or it can be turned on when it is needed 1 accept ‘the tides only give power at certain times’ or ‘you can build an oil-fired power station anywhere’ or ‘it is smaller` 1 any one from oil is non-renewable accept ‘oil will run out’ it causes pollution accept ‘it gives out greenhouse gases’ or ‘it can cause oil spills’ [6] The Crypt School 6 9. (a) (b) (i) chemical muscles 1 (L6) 1 (L6) (ii) as gravitational potential energy if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L6) (i) potential or stored to kinetic both parts are required for the mark 1 (L6) accept ‘movement’ for kinetic (ii) kinetic to thermal or sound or elastic both parts are required for the mark accept ‘heat’ for thermal energy accept ‘movement’ for kinetic 1 (L6) [5] 10. (a) (b) (c) (i) A and F answers may be in either order both answers are required for the mark 1 (L6) (ii) A 1 (L6) (iii) E 1 (L6) (i) gravity or gravitational force (ii) any one from friction drag water resistance accept ‘weight’ 1 (L6) 1 (L5) accept ‘air resistance’ kinetic 1 (L5) the last two answers may be in either order sound thermal accept ‘heat’ 1 (L5) 1 (L5) [8] 11. (a) (i) electrical 1 (L5) (ii) kinetic accept ‘movement’ 1 (L6) (iii) gravitational potential accept ‘gravitational’ or ‘potential’ 1 (L6) kinetic or sound or thermal accept ‘heat’ for thermal accept for two marks ‘kinetic into sound’ or ’kinetic into thermal’ answers must be in the correct order The Crypt School 1 7 (b) advantage 1 (L5) the energy will always be replaced accept ‘it will not run out’ it is renewable accept ‘it does not use fuel or mains electricity’ it is free to run accept ‘it is cheap’ a battery might leak accept ‘no pollution with a solar cell’ disadvantage 1 (L5) if the Sun goes in the pump will stop it will not work at night or in the dark accept ‘it must be in the Sun to work’ accept ‘it is not sunny all the time’ do not accept ‘can be used again’ [6] 12. (a) the spokes make it vibrate accept ‘it vibrates’ accept ‘the spokes hit it many times each second’ 1 (b) (i) kinetic energy in the wheel is transferred to the surroundings by sound or heat accept ‘K.E. to sound or heat’ or ‘from the wheel to the surroundings’ 1 (ii) it will get lower accept ‘it will get flatter or deeper’ 1 because the spokes do not hit the card so fast or so often or so frequently accept ‘because there is a lower frequency of vibration’ 1 [4] 13. (a) chemical 1 (L6) accept ‘potential’ accept ‘kinetic or movement’ (b) (i) The Crypt School 50 J 1 (L7) 8 (ii) any one from accept ‘some energy or heat or sound is wasted’ ‘heat or sound or friction’ are insufficient 1 (L7) • energy is transferred as heat ‘some of the energy is lost’ is insufficient • energy is transferred as sound • friction or air resistance slows it down accept ‘as it is still falling, some is still gravitational’ (c) any two from 2 (L7) • lift it to a greater height accept ‘make the rod longer’ ‘change the height or mass’ is insufficient • make the mass more streamlined or aerodynamic ‘make the rod bigger’ is insufficient ‘drop it faster’ is insufficient • push the mass down accept ‘push it’ ‘push the rod down’ is insufficient • put grease or oil on the rod (to decrease friction) accept ‘make the rod smoother’ ‘use more force’ is insufficient ‘make the rod thinner’ is insufficient accept ‘increase the mass’ (d) A 1 (L7) both blade A, and the correct explanation are required for the mark if you divide the force by a smaller area, the pressure will be larger accept ‘it has a smaller area (at that point)’ ‘it is more pointed’ or ‘is it sharper’ are insufficient ‘force is more concentrated’ is insufficient accept ‘the force is more concentrated on a smaller area’ do not accept ‘there will be more force’ do not accept responses that refer to ‘concentrated pressure’ [6] 14. (a) as kinetic energy if more than one box is ticked, award no mark The Crypt School 1 (L6) 9 (b) (i) both the place and the method by which energy is lost are required for each mark answers may be in either order from the axle or bearings by heat or sound accept ‘from the bearing by friction’ or ‘the bearings get hot or ‘from the axle when it squeaks’ 1 (L7) from the wires by heat accept ‘the wires get hot’ 1 (L7) accept ‘from the dynamo as heat or sound’ or ‘from the dynamo when it gets hot or squeaks’ do not accept ‘goes into the air as heat or sound’ (ii) it slows down more quickly accept ‘it rotates for a shorter time’ do not accept ‘it slows down’ 1 (L7) because it transfers energy to the bulb more quickly accept ‘because it transfers more energy to the bulb’ do not accept ‘because it transfers energy to the bulb’ 1 (L7) [5] The Crypt School 10