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EARTH SYSTEMS SCIENCE LECTURE TEST # 2 – FALL 2011 1. The Hawaiian Island volcanoes are A.cinder cones B.shield volcanoes C.composite volcanoes 2. Rift valleys are found along ? plate boundaries. A.divergent B.convergent C.transform D.rift valleys are found along all of these types of plate boundaries 3. “Petrified” wood and bone are typically preserved A.as unaltered soft parts B.as unaltered hard parts C.by cellular permineralization D.by carbonization E.by molds and casts 4. Earthquake primary waves move ? than shear waves. A.slower B.faster C.earthquake primary waves and shear waves move at the same speed 5. A reverse fault is a ? fault. A.dip-slip B.strike-slip C.it depends upon the type of reverse fault 6. Alfred Wegener formulated the theory of A.plate tectonics B.continental drift 7. The beds in anticlines dip A.toward the outside of the structure B.toward the center of the structure 8. In ?, the volatile components of the organism decreases after death and the outline of the animal or plant is preserved. A.unaltered soft parts B.unaltered hard parts C.cellular permineralization D.carbonization E.molds and casts 9. Horsts are ? fault blocks. A.uplifted B.down-thrown 10. A ? is unconsolidated, wind-deposited silt and dust derived from glacial regions or deserts. A.kettle B.moraine C.drumlin D.esker E.loess 11. The “zone of ablation” is a A.soil zone B.glacial zone C.type of plate boundary D.type of volcano E.seafloor spreading zone 12. The Himalayas were created by plate A.divergence B.oceanic-oceanic convergence C.oceanic-continental convergence D.continental-continental convergence E.shearing 13. Faults are younger than the rocks that contain them. This illustrates the principle of A.superposition B.cross-cutting relationships C.unconformities D.original horizontality E.inclusions 14. The ?-wave shadow zone is from approximately 105° to 140° from the earthquake epicenter. A.P B.S C.both the P- and S-wave shadow zones are from approximately 105° to 140° from the earthquake epicenter 15. Bajadas are A.glacial accumulation zones B.zones of glacial wastage C.convergent plate boundaries D.transform plate boundaries E.coalesced alluvial fans 16. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a ? plate boundary. A.divergent B.oceanic-oceanic convergent C.oceanic-continental convergent D.continental-continental convergent E.transform 17. The study of fossil plants is A.invertebrate paleontology B.paleozoology C.micropaleontology D.paleoecology E.paleobotany 18. Calderas are associated with A.volcanoes B.glaciers C.eolian dunes D.moraines E.wadis 19. In lithostratigraphy, ? are used for correlation. A.rock characteristics B.fossils C.in lithostratigraphy, both rock characteristics and fossils are used for correlation 20. According to continental drift theory A.the continents move B.the ocean basins move C.everything moves according to continental drift theory 21. ? are tabular discordant plutons. A.batholiths B.stocks C.laccoliths D.sills E.dikes 22. The principle of ? is used to determine if rocks have been deformed. A.superposition B.cross-cutting relationships C.unconformities D.original horizontality E.inclusions 23. The Sierra Nevada Range of California and the Grand Tetons of Wyoming were formed A.by divergence B.along transform plate boundaries C.along an island arc D.along a magmatic arc E.due to continentcontinent collision 24. Durapartic preservation refers to A.unaltered soft parts B.unaltered hard parts C.cellular permineralization D.carbonization E.molds and casts 25. Tabular icebergs are typically formed from ? glaciers. A.alpine B.continental 26. In synclines, the oldest exposed bed is along the ? of the structure. A.center B.edge 27. Trace fossils were created A.when the organism was alive B.after the organism died 28. Continental plates are also termed A.sialic B.simatic C.it depends upon the type of continental plate 29. ? is the direction of a horizontal line in the plane of bedding. A.strike B.dip C.this describes both strike and dip 30. The Hawaiian Islands are examples of a ? plate boundary. A.divergent B.oceanic-oceanic convergent C.oceanic-continental convergent D.transform E.the Hawaiian Islands are not along a plate boundary; they were created due to mantle plumes 31. ? deserts are deficient in rainfall because they are either located in the center of continents or cut off from rain-bearing winds by high mountains. A.topographic B.climatic C.coastal 32. Alpine glaciers form A.in mountain regions B.over large continental areas C.it depends upon the type of mountain glacier 33. In a reverse fault the hanging wall moves ? relative to the footwall. A.down B.up 34. Strata are A.fossil assemblages B.geologic dating techniques C.rock layers D.earthquake foci E.unconformities 35. The supercontinent of plate tectonic theory is A.Panthalassa B.Glossopteris C.Mesosaurus D.Pangaea E.San Andreas 36. The ? Scale measures earthquake magnitude. A.Mercalli B.Richter C.the Mercalli and Richter scales both measure earthquake magnitude 37. Playas are often formed A.in glacial areas B.within volcanoes C.along divergent plate boundaries D.in deserts E.along earthquakes 38. Geologic folds result from ? deformation. A.brittle B.ductile 39. The Aleutian Islands and the islands of Japan were developed along ? plate boundaries. A.oceanic divergent B.ocean-ocean convergent C.ocean-continental convergent D.continental-continental convergent E.transform 40. A ? is a glaciated valley flooded by the sea to form a long, narrow, steep-walled inlet . A.cirque B.horn C.moraine D.tarn E.fjord 41. Carbon-14 dating ? dating most rocks. A.is used for B.is not used in 42. The ? discontinuity is between the Earth’s mantle and core. A.Mohorovicic B.Gutenberg 43. The greater the silica content of magma, the ? the explosiveness of the volcano. A.less B.greater 44. The highest-ranking time unit in geology is the A.stage B.epoch C.era D.period E.eon 45. The Andes Mountains were created by plate A.divergence B.oceanic-oceanic convergence C.oceaniccontinental convergence D.continental-continental convergence E.shearing 46. Index fossils are useful for A.determining paleoecology B.establishing the paleogeography of a region C.correlation D.studying theories of evolution E.studies of seismology 47. Lava tubes and tunnels would most often be associated with ? lava. A.pahoehoe B.aa 48. A ? is a desert rock faceted and polished by the wind. A.bajada B.playa C.wadi D.plateau E.ventifact 49. Firn, or neve, is a type of A.plate tectonic boundary B.sand dune C.glacial ice D.evaporite E.silicate mineral 50. ? volcanoes are mostly formed from andesite. A.composite B.shield C.both composite and shield volcanoes are made from andesite 51. ? are gaps in the rock record due to erosion or nondeposition. A.conformities B.nonconformities C.both conformities and nonconformities are gaps in the rock record 52. Unaltered soft parts of organisms may be preserved in A.arid environments B.frozen regions C.amber D.waterlogged areas E.all of these environments may preserve unaltered soft parts of organisms 53. A steppe is a A.drumlin B.esker C.plate tectonic boundary D.semiarid area E.dune 54. Midoceanic ridges are sites of plate A.convergence B.divergence 55. ? are mushroom-shaped plutons. A.batholiths B.stocks C.laccoliths D.sills E.dikes 56. Isotopes of an element have a different number of A.protons B.neutrons C.both protons and neutrons vary in isotopes of a particular element 57. A ? is a smooth, glacially streamlined hill that is elongate in the direction of ice movement. A.kettle B.moraine C.drumlin D.esker E.loess 58. The study of earthquakes is termed A.petrology B.petrography C.seismology D.meteorology E.orogeny 59. In joints, there ? relative movement of rock on opposite sides of the break. A.is B.is no 60. A ? is a narrow, sharp ridge separating two adjacent glacial valleys. A.cirque B.horn C.moraine D.tarn E.arête 61. The earthquake ? is above the earthquake ?. A.focus, epicenter B.epicenter, focus C.the terms “focus” and “epicenter” refer to the same phenomenon 62. Eolian dunes are formed by A.wind B.water C.it depends upon the type of eolian dune 63. The basic mapping unit of geology is the A.bed B.member C.formation D.group E.supergroup 64. Glacial valleys tend to be ?-shaped. A.”U” B.”V” C.it depends upon the type of glacial valley 65. The study of ancient life is A.seismology B.petrology C.petrography D.stratigraphy E.paleontology 66. ? lava has a smooth, ropy appearance. A.pahoehoe B.aa C.both pahoehoe and aa lava have a smooth, ropy appearance 67. A mesa is ? than a butte. A.smaller B.larger C.mesas and buttes refer to the same topographic features 68. Earthquake primary and secondary waves are ? waves. A.body B.surface C.earthquake primary waves are body waves, whereas secondary waves are surface waves 69. A ? is a small mountain lake. A.cirque B.horn C.moraine D.tarn E.arête 70. Pyroclastic rocks are made from A.lava B.tephra C.pyroclastic rocks are made from both lava and tephra 71. Plutons are ? igneous structures. A.intrusive B.extrusive 72. ? are “seismic sea waves”. A.tillites B.moraines C.cirques D.tsunamis E.guyots 73. A ? is an impression of skeletal remains in a rock. A.mold B.cast 74. The oldest ocean rocks are about ? years old. A.100 million B.200 million C.300 million D.1 billion E.4.6 billion 75. ? dating is often used to date volcanic igneous rocks. A.Carbon-14 B.potassium-argon C.both Carbon-14 and potassium-argon dating are used to date volcanic igneous rocks 76. Basalt magma is ? explosive than rhyolite magma. A.less B.more C.basalt and rhyolite magma are both explosive 77. This test number is A. Please answer "A" for question # 77.