Download Spring Semester Final Review 2015

Principles of Technology - Final Exam Review
Chapter 4
Figure 7-1
1. In Figure 7-1, which circuit (A or B) is wired in series?
2. In Figure 7-1, which circuit (A or B) is wired in parallel?
3. In Figure 7-1, which circuit represents the way that homes are usually wired?
4. In Figure 7-1, which circuit is the type of circuit that causes an entire string of decorative lights
to go out when one of the bulbs burns out?
5. A car slides on ice because it doesn't have enough of what type of friction?
6. What type of friction exists between two surfaces that are not moving past each other?
7. According to Newton's second law of motion, what causes a greater acceleration of an object of a
certain mass?
8. What is the upward force on an object falling through the air called?
9. These lamps in the figure all have resistances of 100 . If the power supply produces 240 V,
what is the current flowing through the circuit?
10. When the battery in this circuit supplies a voltage difference of 120.0 V, the current in the
circuit is found to be 1.60 A. The resistance of one lightbulb is 40.0 . Assuming that the
resistance of the circuit other than the lightbulbs is negligible, use Ohm’s law to calculate the
resistance of the other lightbulb.
11. If a force of 12 N is applied to an object with a mass of 2 kg, what will the acceleration of the
object be?
12. A tow truck exerts a net horizontal force of 1050 N on 760 kg car. What is the acceleration of
the car during this time?
13. Calculate the force on an object that has a mass of 12 kg and an acceleration of 4 m/s2.
14. What is viscosity?
15. What is the acceleration due to gravity?
16. If the voltage in a circuit is 80 V and the resistance is 20 , what is the current?
17. All of the lamps in the figure below have resistances of 60 . If the power supply produces 120
V, what is the current through the circuit?
18. What is the force of gravity on a parachuter with a mass of 65kg being pulled toward the earth’s
center?
Chapters 5 & 6
19. What do we call a device that heats your home by removing thermal energy from one location and
transferring it to another location at a different temperature?
20. What is the function of an electric motor?
21. What type of renewable energy comes from heated water pumped from underground?
22. What do we call the process of generating an electric current by moving a wire through a magnetic
field or moving a magnet through a current - carrying wire?
23. What do we call a device that converts heat energy into mechanical energy?
24. What do we call a device that changes mechanical energy to electrical energy by rotating a coil of
wire through a magnetic field?
25. List two objects that have elastic potential energy.
26. List two examples of a heat mover.
27. What is the SI unit for power.
28. What is the formula to calculate kinetic energy?
29. What is the formula to calculate gravitational potential energy?
30. What do we call the rate at which an electrical device converts energy from one form to another?
The figure below shows four tennis balls sitting on four tables of different heights. Using this
information answer the two questions below.
31. Which ball in Figure 4-1 has the least potential energy?
32. Which ball in Figure 4-1 has the greatest potential energy?
33. What law states that energy can change forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed under
ordinary conditions?
34. What formula shows the correct relationship among power, current, and voltage?
35. How many watts of power is equivalent to 1 horsepower?
36. Leah lifts a load wighing 160 N a height of 1 m in a time of 0.5 s. How much power does she
produce?
37. Patrick exerts a force of 700 N to walk 6 m up a flight of stairs in 6 s, how much power do he use?
38. Chad is studying for his semester exam. He needs a brighter bulb in his desk lamp. He replaces
the old bulb with a 100 W bulb. What is the size of the current that flows through the bulb if it
is connected to a 110 V source?
39. Quinn’s pet iguana has a mass of 4.0 kg. He’s climbed on top of the refrigerator that is 3.0 m
high. What is the gravitational potential energy of the iguana relative to the floor if the
acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2?
40. Wes is paddling a small canoe with a mass of 20 kg. He is moving downriver at a speed of 2 m/s.
What is the canoe’s kinetic energy?
41. Kim’s air conditioner uses 1800 W of power when plugged into a wall socket that operates at a
voltage of 210 V. How much current does the air conditioner use?
Alternative Energy
42. Explain why it is necessary to find alternatives to fossil fuels.
43. What are photovoltaic cells?
44. What is hydroelectricity?
45. What is the heat source in geothermal energy?
46. What kind of energy comes from ocean water that flows due to the gravitational forces among
Earth, its Moon, and the Sun?
Chapters 7 & 8
47. How is the amplitude of a longitudinal wave determined?
48. Suppose two waves meet and temporarily cancel each other out. How would you describe the
interference?
49. In what unit is wave frequency measured?
50. What is a medium?
51. In what kind of waves do the particles of medium move at right angles or perpendicular to the
direction of the energy?
52. In what type of waves do the particles of the medium move only in the same direction or parallel
to the motion of the wave?
53. What is the unit used to measure loudness?
Figure 8-5
54. What kind of wave does A in Figure 8.5 represent?
55. What represents one wavelength in wave B of Figure 8.5?
56. What kind of wave does B in Figure 8.5 above represent?
Figure 8.4
57. The three waves in Figure 8.4 do not appear to be moving. This type of wave is caused by areas
of constructive and destructive interference. What is this type of wave called?
58. There are areas in the waves pictured in Figure 8.4 where the waves seem to cancel out.
are these areas called? How many of these are there in the bottom wave?
Figure 8.3
59. What is the region of the wave labeled X in Figure 8.3 called?
60. In Figure 8.1, identify the following structures:
______wavelength
______crest
What
______amplitude
61. What is the formula for velocity of a wave.
62. Hannah and Rachele are making a wave with a rope. The wave has a wavelength of 10 m and a
frequency of 20 Hz. What is the velocity of the wave?
63. Ms Winter puts a vibrating tuning fork in water, causing the water to splash everywhere. The
tines of a tuning fork are producing waves that have a wavelength of 0.03 m. If the waves are
moving at a velocity of 13.2 m/s, at what frequency is the tuning fork vibrating?
64. Cam is surfing an ocean wave that has a frequency of 2.0 Hz.
the velocity of the wave?
If the wavelength is 10 m, what is
65. Shajee is watching waves coming in at Sunset Beach in Hawaii. The waves are coming in at a
velocity 5 m/s. If the frequency of the waves is 2.5 Hz what is the wavelength?
66. Torin is playing his guitar. When he plucks the E string on his guitar, it produces a sound wave
with a wavelength of 0.15 m and a velocity of 10.5 m/s. What is the frequency of this sound wave?
Chapters 9 & 10
67. State the law of reflection.
Figure 10.1
68. In Figure 10.1, what is ray #2 called?
69. What is angle B in Figure 10.1 called?
70. What is ray #1 in Figure 10.1 called?
71. In Figure 10.1, what angle represents the angle of reflection?
72. What is a photon?
Figure 10.3
73. A fiber optic traps and transmits light inside its core as pictured in the diagram. What is this process
called?
Figure 10.4
74. What type of mirror is shown in Figure 10.4?
Figure 10.2
75. What kind of mirror is shown in Figure 10.2?
76. What type of reflection is illustrated in the figure above?
77. What type of reflection is illustrated in the figure above?
A
B
78. What is the correct name for lens A?
79. What is the correct name for lens B?
80. What is nuclear fusion?
81. Explain the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
82. Describe the following three products of nuclear decay.
alpha particle beta particle gamma radiation -
Figure 9.1
83. What type of nuclear reaction is shown in Figure 9.1?
84. What is an isotope?
Figure 9-2
85. What is the name for an ongoing series of reactions, such as those shown in Figure 9.2?
86. A light ray strikes a mirror and is reflected. The angle between the incident ray and the normal is
50°. What is the angle of reflection?
87. What do the symbols stand for in the equation c = f x 
Principles of Technology - Final Exam Review
Answer Section
COMPLETION
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
SHORT ANSWER
5. Rolling
6. Static friction
7. a greater force
8. air resistance
9. I = V/R
= 240 V/300 
= 0.8 A
10. R = V/I
= 120.0 V/1.60 A
= 75 
75 40.0 35.0 
11. a = F/m
= 12 N/ 2 kg
= 6 m/s2
12. a = F/m
= 1050 N/760 kg
= 1.38 m/s2
13. F = ma
= 12 kg x 4 m/s2
= 48 N
14. Viscosity is a fluid’s resistance to flow.
15. 9.8 m/s2
16. I = V/R
= 80 V/20 
= 4A
17. I = V/R
= 120 V/300 
= 0.4 A
18. F = ma
= 65 kg x 9.8 m/s2
= 637.65 N
19. heat mover
20. to change electrical energy to mechanical energy
21. geothermal
22. electromagnetic induction
23. heat engine
24. generator
25. rubber band, spring, golf ball, bow
26. refrigerator, air conditioner
27. watts
28. KE = 1/2 m x v2
29. GPE = m  9.8 m/s2  h
30. electrical power
31. C
32. D
33. law of conservation of energy
34. P = I x V
35. 746 W
36. P = F x d
t
= 160 N x 1 m
0.5 s
= 320 W
37. P = F x d
t
= 700 N x 6 m
6s
= 700 W
38. I = P/V
= 100 W/110 V
= 0.909 A (0.91 A)
39. GPE = m x 9.8 m/s2 x h
= 4.0 kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 3.0 m
= 117.6 J
40. KE = 1/2m x v2
=1/2(20kg) x (2 m/s)2
= 40 J
41. I = P/V
= 1800 W/210 V
= 8.57 A
42. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable and will become depleted.
43. Devices that produce electricity from solar energy
44. Energy from falling water
45. Hot magma
46. tidal energy
47. It is determined by the density of the medium at the compressions.
48. It is destructive; troughs of one wave meet crests of the other wave.
49. hertz
50. A medium is the material through which a mechanical wave travels.
51. transverse
52. longitudinal
53. decibels
54. a longitudinal wave
55. In wave B, one wavelength equals the distance between neighboring crests.
56. transverse
57. standing wave
58. nodes, four
59. compression
60. B, A ,C
61. velocity = frequency  wavelength
62. V = f x  = 10 m  20 Hz = 200 m/s
63. f = V/
= 13.2 m/s/0.03 m
= 440 Hz
64. V = f x 
= 2.0 Hz  10 m
= 20 m/s
65.  = V/f
= 5 m/s/2.5 Hz
= 2m
66. f = V/
= 10.5 m/s/0.15 m
= 70 Hz
67. The angle at which light strikes a surface is the same as the angle at which it is reflected.
68. reflected ray
69. angle of incidence
70. incident ray
71. angle C
72. A bundle or packet of light energy.
73. total internal reflection
74. convex
75. concave
76. diffuse
77. regular
78. convex lens
79. concave lens
80. Nuclear fusion is a process that fuses two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus.
81. nuclear fission—splitting a nucleus into two smaller nuclei; nuclear fusion—uniting two nuclei to
form a larger nucleus
82. alpha - two protons and two neutrons, beta - high-speed electron (positron) emitted from the
nucleus, gamma - high energy electromagnetic radiation
83. nuclear fusion
84. An isotope of an element has atoms with the same number of protons (the number of protons is
what identifies the element), but a different number of neutrons.
85. a chain reaction
86.
50°
87. speed of light, frequency, and wavelength