Download Chapters 5-6

Chapters 5-6
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Cells spend most of their lifetime in mitosis.
2. Each human somatic cell (body cell) contains two copies of each chromosome for a total of 23 pairs of
homologous chromosomes.
3. Gametes are the same thing as sex cells, or germ cells.
4. Genetics is the branch of biology that involves the study of how different traits are transmitted from one generation
to the next.
5. It is possible to have a recessive phenotype show from a heterozygous genotype.
6. Sister chromatids separate in anaphase 2 of meiosis.
7. Most people have very harsh/controversial views about using embryonic stem cells for research.
8. Benign tumors are relatively harmless, and this type of cancer can usually be cured by removing the tumor.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
9. Which of the following is NOT true about meiosis?
a. makes unique cells b. involved with asexual reproduction c. makes haploid cells d. does not happen all the
time
10. In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by
a. breaking apart into separate genes. b. extending to form very long, thin molecules. c. wrapping tightly around
associated proteins/histones. d. being enzymatically changed into a protein.
11. How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 6?
a. 3 b. 8 c. 12 d. 16
12. The “father” of genetics was
a. T.A. Knight. b. Hans Krebs. c. Gregor Mendel. d. R.C. Punnett
13. Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 5 is in
a. metaphase. b. telophase. c. anaphase. d. prophase.
14. Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?
a. 44 b. 22 c. 46 d. 23
15. Which statement is true of the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2?
a. Its chromatids are joined by a centromere b. Its centromeres are joined by a teleomere c. Its chromosomes are
joined by a chromatid d. It shows 2 centromeres.
16. If a tumor is malignant, then cancer cells from the tumor
a. are harmless. b. remain clustered together. c. can break away and form more tumors. d. create more
carcinogens.
17. Which types of asexual reproduction would a starfish or lizard use?
a. budding. b. regeneration c. binary fission. d. All of the above
18. The fusion (combination) of haploid gametes is called
a. gametogenesis. b. meiosis. c. reassortment. d. fertilization.
19. Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of meiosis I (telophase I)?
a. A b. B c. D d. E
20. Which law by Mendel states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their
offspring?
a. law of genetic linkage b. law of segregation c. law of independent assortment d. law of inheritance
21. Mendel knew that the variations in the offspring generations resulted only by his experiments because he
a. allowed plants to cross-pollinate on their own. b. only used the seeds of the plants. c. controlled the
fertilization process. d. changed the growing conditions.
22. Recessive alleles may not be expressed because they are
a. hidden by a dominant allele. b. the most common allele in a population. c. the least common allele in a
population. d. not important.
23. Imagine two heterozygous parents. Each has a dominant allele X for brown eyes and a recessive allele x for blue
eyes. The phenotypic ratio for brown:blue eyes in their children is
a. 1:2:1. b. 3:1. c. 9:3:3:1. d. 1:3:1.
Figure 10-1 (Cell Cycle)
24. Cell division is represented in Figure 10-1 by the letter
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D.
25. Interphase is represented in Figure 10-1 by the letter(s)
a. A, B, C, D b. A, B, C c. A, B d. A
26. Which of the following would NOT be considered a negative effect of sexual reproduction?
a. variation in next generation of offspring b. Time/energy needed to find a mate c. energy required for
reproduction/pregancy d. time required for reproduction/pregancy
27.
Which meiosis phase does this picture show?
a. metaphase 1 b. telophase 1 c. prophase 2 d. metaphase 2
*In humans, having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles (f).
28. Refer to the illustration above (both parent are heterozygous). Which box in the Punnett square represents a child
who does not have freckles?
a. box 1 b. box 2 c. box 3 d. box 4
*In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b).
29. Refer to the illustration above. Both of the parents in the cross are
a. black. b. brown. c. homozygous dominant. d. homozygous recessive.
30. Which of the following cell types is diploid?
a. ovum (egg)
b. somatic cell
c. sex cell
d. gamete
31. A person who has a disorder caused by a recessive allele is
a. heterozygous for the recessive allele. b. homozygous for the recessive allele. c. unable to pass the allele to
offspring. d. certain to have offspring with the disorder.
32. Two parents have the genotype Gg for a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele. What is the chance that any
of their children will inherit the disorder?
a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%
33. For an XX female to express a recessive sex-linked trait, she must have
a. a Y chromosome. b. an inactivated allele. c. two recessive alleles. d. two dominant alleles.
34. Which of the following is NOT true about mitosis?
a. makes unique cells b. happens all the time c. makes diploid cells d. involved with asexual reproduction
35. Polydactyly (multiple fingers and/or toes) is what type of inherited disorder?
a. sex-linked b. recessive c. dominant d. none of the above
36. Beta fish exhibit mixed coloring from generation to generation. Which type of dominance would this be?
a. complete b. incomplete c. codominance d. none of the above
37.
This pedigree shows that only males are affected. Which inherited disorder would best fit this pedigree?
a. cystic fibrosis b. huntington’s disease c. albinism d. color-blindness
38. You would use a dihybrid cross to see probability for which of the following genetic situations?
a. curly vs. straight hair texture b. brown vs. blue eye color c. eye color vs. hair color d. tall vs. short height
RrYy
RY
Ry
rY
ry
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RrYY
RrYy
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
Rryy
RrYy
rY
RrYY
RrYy
rrYY
rrYy
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Seed Shape
R – round
r – wrinkled
Seed Color
Y – yellow
y – green
Figure 11-2
39. What are the phenotype ratios of the offspring in the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-2?
*list phenotype and number with each
40. Does this diagram show the process of mitosis or meiosis? How do you know?
41. Make a monohybrid cross to show the offspring for the following using the letter B/b:
In whale sharks many spots are recessive to few spots. If a whale shark with many spots is crossed with a
heterozygous whale shark- what percentage of their offspring will have few spots?
42.
This is an example of a pedigree showing a family that has acondroplasia (dwarf trait, which is a dominant trait).
The individuals that have the trait/disorder are shaded.
Give the genotypes for each numbered person from the pedigreee above.
Use the Letter A/a.
Chapters 5-6
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
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8.
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F
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F
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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B
C
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B
D
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STA: GA BIO.SB2.c
STA: GA BIO.SB2.b
SHORT ANSWER
39. ANS:
The phenotype ratio is 9 round, yellow peas : 3 round, green peas : 3 wrinkled, yellow peas : 1 wrinkled, green pea.
40. ANS:
Meiosis. there are two cell divisions.
STA: GA BIO.SB2.c
41. ANS:
bb X Bb= 50% few spots
42. ANS:
1-14: