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Unit 6 Outline Review DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis DNA Structure - - - - - Basic structure of a nucleotide Names and Pairing of Bases o Pyrimidines vs Purines o Hydrogen Bonding Primary Structure o Sequence of nucleotides Secondary Structure o Double Helix o Backbone of deoxyribose and phosphates Tertiary Structure o Role of proteins including histones o Multiple stages of coiling Quaternary Structure o Sister Chromatids o Multiple Chromosomes Differentiate between the following terms: DNA, gene, chromosome, chromatin, chromatid Mitosis - - - Connection to Cell Theory and Surface Area to Volume Ratio Binary Fission in prokaryotes Reasons for Mitosis o Growth, Repair, Replacement, Asexual Reproduction Cell Life Cycle o Interphase (G1, S, G2) Mitotic Stage (mitosis and cytokinesis) o DNA replicates in S phase Phases of Mitosis o PPMAT- know main characteristics of each o Results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells Cytokinesis o Plant vs. Animal Cell Division Regulation o Cancer Unit 6 Outline Review DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Meiosis - - Produces gametes used in Sexual reproduction Know the following terms: diploid, haploid, homologous chromosomes, gamete, somatic cells, tetrad, zygote Phases (be able to describe key characteristics for each) o Meiosis I- PMAT Homologous Chromosomes Pair then split Crossing Over Occurs o Meiosis II- PMAT Sister Chromatids split Results in 4 genetically similar daughter cells Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis Genetic Diversity o Independent orientation, crossing over, random fertilization Nondisjunction o Klinefelters, Turners, Down Syndrome Mutations o Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation