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Biology 9 Mr. Guillen 10.2 Outline/Notes Name: ________________________________ Period:__________________ The Process of Cell Division: Chromosome: threadlike structure that contains the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Chromosomes Prokaryotic Chromosomes DNA molecules of these cells are found in cytoplasm. Eukaryotic Chromosomes DNA molecules are found in cell nucleus. Cells in your body have 46 chromosomes. Chromatin: combination of chromosomes and proteins (histones). Found in eukaryotic chromosomes. Cell Cycle: a series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides. The process of cell division in prokaryotes is a form of asexual reproduction called binary fission. The eukaryotic cell cycle has 4 phases: G1, S, G2, and M. Interphase: the period of growth between cell divisions. It includes G1, S, and G2. A cell prepares to divide during the 4th phase M. At the end of M phase, the cell divides into two daughter cells. G1 Phase: Cell Growth: cell does most of its’ growing in this phase. Produces new proteins and organelles. G stands for “gap” S Phase: DNA Replication: S stands for “synthesis”. New DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated. G2 Phase: Preparing for Cell Division: many of organelles and molecules needed for cell division are produced. At the end of this phase, cell is ready to begin process of cell division. M Phase: Cell Division: the “M” stands for mitosis. Mitosis: series of events that lead to division of the cell nucleus. Cytokinesis: second stage of M phase. This is the division of the cytoplasm. Below, please draw, using different color pens, the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle: