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ESS SAMPLE EXAM QUESTION – FISHING The diagram below shows the effects of two different fishing policies on fish stocks over four years. High intensity fishing policy Low intensity fishing policy 200 36 28 18 20 1 32 2 24 36 48 3 4 48 Weight of fish / tonnes Weight of fish / tonnes 200 36 168 16 6 1 2 3 4 Year Key: (i) 56 20 Year (a) 120 Catch Stock of fish Define the term sustainable yield. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (ii) (1) Calculate the total catch over four years in each fishing policy in the diagram above. High intensity: ................................................................................................... Low intensity: ................................................................................................... (iii) (1) Calculate the percentage difference between the year 4 catch for the high intensity fishing policy and the year 4 catch for the low intensity fishing policy. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (iv) (1) Predict, giving two reasons, which fishing policy would probably give the greater profit over 20 years. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (2) (b) Outline two reasons why hunting and fishing may not be controlled by legislation. ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... (c) (2) Compare the energy efficiency of terrestrial and aquatic food production systems. ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... (d) (2) Suggest one possible solution that a technocentrist might give to the problem of overfishing. ...................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. (1) (Total 10 marks) MARK SCHEME (a) (i) Sustainable yield: rate of increase is natural capital/resource that can be exploited/taken/harvested without depleting the original stock; OWTTE. (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) (c) High: 106 tonnes and low: 106 tonnes (units required); Both correct values required for [1]. 48 24 100 = 100% difference 24 low intensity; because more fish are left in the sea to breed and increase stocks/ the trend in low intensity is to have larger catch in year 4 compared with year 4 in high intensity; ignorance of how “in danger” a stock is; miscalculation of how many are available; short-term gain is more important than longer-term growth of the industry; if starving will break the law to catch food/hard for law-keepers to monitor catch; oceans are huge/vast areas; international boundaries make legislation difficult; Accept other reasonable responses. 1 1 2 2 max Terrestrial: most food harvested from lower trophic levels/as crops/plants/ herbivores/ cattle etc. so less heat/respiratory losses/more efficient fixation of solar energy as does not have to get through water first/ less efficient use of land area (efficiency in terms of space rather than energy); Aquatic: most food from higher trophic levels/bigger fish/higher up food chain so much energy has been lost/energy conversions more efficient as fewer warm-blooded animals which use most energy to keep body temperature stable/more efficient use of land area (efficiency in terms of space rather than energy); (d) 1 fish farming/change fishing grounds/eat alternative food sources/ new technologies to ensure immature fish not caught/less wastage/ research into alternative fish species/monitoring population numbers carefully to check stocks/research in GM fish (suitable for aquaculture); Accept other reasonable responses. 2 1 [10]