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NAME: ALADE ADETUTU SEFINAT MATRIC NO: 14/MHS02/008 DEPT: NURSING SCIENCE LEVEL: 200L COURSE: HISTOLOGY MUSCLES TISSUES Structure of muscles tissues all muscles tissues have a superficial covering of vary thickness called fascia, made of connective tissue and laced with adipose tissue inside the facia, the muscles tissue is surrounded by epimysium and individual muscles bundles or faciculus are surrounded by perimysium. There are three types of muscles tissue which can be described from the level of details of the muscles fibre (muscles cells) through all the other muscles structures and parts of structures that bind muscles cells together enabling them to perform their functions. They are: SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE Structure: A skeletal muscles is called “striated” because of its appearance consisting of light and dark bands visible using a light microscope. A single cell skeletal muscle cell is long and approximately cylindrical in shape, with many nuclei located at the edges (periphery) of the cells. Functions: Movement of the skeleton: under conscious control including movement of limbs, fingers, toes, neck, etc. Movement of tissue: of facial expression under conscious control, e.g ability to smile and to frown. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE Structure: found in the heart and responsible for contraction of cardiac tissue and distribution of blood cardiac muscles fibers are striated, branched (sometimes described as y-shaped), and have single central nucleus. these fibers are attached at their ends to adjoining fibers by thick plasma membranes called intercalated discs. Function Pumping of blood through the heart: Alternate contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle pumps (de-oxygenated blood through the right atrium and right ventricle to the lungs and oxygenated blood through the left atrium and left ventricle to the aorta, then the rest of the body) SMOOTH MUSCLES TISSUE Structure: unlike skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue, smooth muscles “Is nonstriated, anucleated”, but similar to cardiac tissue relative to functional spontaneity and long sustained contraction. Smooth muscle fibers are small and tapered with the ends reducing in size, in contrast to the cylindrical shape of skeletal muscle. Each smooth muscle fiber has a single centrally located nucleus. It is found in the lining of blood vessels, urinary bladder, kidneys, esophagus and small intestines. FUNCTION Contraction of smooth muscle constrict (i.e narrow= reduce the diameter of) the vessels they surround. This is particularly important in the digestive in which the action of smooth muscles helps to move food along the gastrointestinal tract as well as breaking the food down further. Smooth muscles also contributes to the moving fluids through the body and to the elimination of indigestible matter from the gastrointestinal system. COMPARISM OF THE 3 TYPES OF MUSCLES TISSUE SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSSUE Attached to bones, in the case of facial muscles CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE Wall of the heart Voluntary or involuntary Striations voluntary involuntary Wall of hollow internal structure(blood vessels, stomach, urinary bladder, airways to the lungs, intestines) involuntary striated striated nonstriated Cell nuclei Many nuclei (located at the periphery of long cylindrical muscle fiber one One( centrally located) nucleus LOCATIONS OF MUSCLE TYPE REFERENCES Ivyrose holistic health 2003-2015 google SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE