Download Repairs, Maintenance, and Installation of Electric Residential Water

Repairs, Maintenance, and
Installation of Electric Residential
Water Heaters
8 Hours of Continuing Education
Certified by Oregon Building Codes Division
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR USING THIS CONTINUING EDUCATION
LEARNING MATERIAL
This course material is set up in way that maximizes the retention of the information provided. Each page
may introduce a new idea, bullet point, etc. from the previous page. Introducing one idea at a time may
help organize the information and help you assimilate it in the shorter period of time the continuing
education courses take—as compared to full-length training.
Before Continuing (IMPORTANT)
Locate the following button at the top of the screen and click it. This will
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When you have read the information offered
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Objective: After completion of this section, you will be able to identify
the components of a residential electric water heater and know what
each of their functions are.
COMPONENTS
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Identification of Components
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Thermostat
Diagram A illustrates
where the upper
thermostat and the
upper thermostat
protector are located
on the residential
water heater.
Thermostat
Mounting
Bracket
Thermostat
Protector
Diagram B
Thermostat
Diagram B is an upclose viewpoint of
what the thermostat
and thermostat
protector actually
look like when
installed in the water
heater.
Diagram A
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Cover Conduit / Ground & Junction
Box and Cover
Diagram C illustrates where the cover
conduit/ground would be located on
an upright electric water heater (and
most other types.
Cover
Conduit/Ground
Junction
Box Cover
On a wall hung electric water heater,
the ground conduit/ground and
junction box cover may be located on
the bottom of (beneath) the water
heater.
Diagram C
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Elements
Here are two elements as they would
commonly be placed in a DoubleElement Water Heater.
Upper Element
Lower Element
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Heat Trap Insert
(Outlet)
Hot Water
Outlet/Anode
Diagram E
Diagram D illustrates where the hot
water outlet/anode and heat trap
insert (outlet) would be located on an
upright electric water heater (and
most other types.
Diagram E is a close-up view of the
hot water heat trap insert. Diagram F
is what a hot water anode looks like.
Diagram F
Diagram D
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Cold Water
Inlet Dip
Tube
Heat Trap
Insert (Inlet)
Diagram H
Diagram G: Cold water inlet tube
Diagram H: Heat trap insert (inlet)
Diagram I: Illustrates dip tube
immersed in water.
Diagram I
Diagram G
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Diagram I.1 illustrates where the
sacrificial anode might be located on
a typical water heater. Not all water
heaters have a sacrificial anode.
Sacrificial
Anode
Diagram I.1
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Alternative
Placement for
the T&P Relief
Valve
T&P Relief
Valve
Diagram K
Diagram J illustrates one of the places
a T&P Relief Valve may be installed on
an upright residential water heater.
In addition, an alternative place to
install the relief valve is noted in red.
Diagram K illustrates what a T&P
Relief Valve looks like.
Diagram J
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Diagram K.1 illustrates an
overflow pipe connected
to a temperature /
pressure relief valve.
Overflow
Pipe
Diagram K1
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Diagram K.2
illustrates the cold
water shut-off
valve, otherwise
known as a water
supply valve.
Shut-Off Ball Valve
(Water Supply Valve)
Shut-Off Gate Valve
(Water Supply Valve)
Diagram K.3
illustrates the
ball valve
version of the
cold water
shut-off valve,
otherwise
known as a
water supply
valve.
This shutoff valve is
a screw-toclose,
screw to
open
version.
This shut-off
valve utilizes a
ball to block
water flow.
Diagram K2
Diagram K3
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Identifying Components of a Residential Water Heater
Drain Valve
Diagram K4
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Function of Components
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Thermostat Components
General Description
Of Thermostat
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Understanding Functions of Components
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
In an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank.
The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the
water heater.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
In an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank.
The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the
water heater.
The thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the
temperature exceeds safe temperatures.
Thermostat
Protector
Thermostat
Mounting Bracket
Diagram B
Thermostat
Diagram A
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
In an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank.
The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the
water heater.
The thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the
temperature exceeds safe temperatures.
More than one thermostat may be found on a water
heater, which changes the way a single thermostat
may function. The types of water heater systems
that are most typical for residential electric water
heaters are:
Thermostat
Protector
Thermostat
Mounting Bracket
Diagram B
Thermostat
Diagram A
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
In an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank.
The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the
water heater.
The thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the
temperature exceeds safe temperatures.
More than one thermostat may be found on a water
heater, which changes the way a single thermostat
may function. The types of water heater systems
that are most typical for residential electric water
heaters are:
•Single Element (single thermostat)
Thermostat
Protector
Thermostat
Mounting Bracket
Diagram B
Thermostat
Diagram A
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
In an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank.
The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the
water heater.
The thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the
temperature exceeds safe temperatures.
More than one thermostat may be found on a water
heater, which changes the way a single thermostat
may function. The types of water heater systems
that are most typical for residential electric water
heaters are:
•Single Element (single thermostat)
•Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase
(two thermostats-working at opposite times)
Thermostat
Protector
Thermostat
Mounting Bracket
Diagram B
Thermostat
Diagram A
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
In an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank.
The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the
water heater.
The thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the
temperature exceeds safe temperatures.
More than one thermostat may be found on a water
heater, which changes the way a single thermostat
may function. The types of water heater systems
that are most typical for residential electric water
heaters are:
•Single Element (single thermostat)
•Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase
(two thermostats-working at opposite times)
Thermostat
Protector
Thermostat
Mounting Bracket
Diagram B
Thermostat
•Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service
(two thermostats-working at the same time)
Diagram A
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat
General Introduction
Definition: A device that automatically regulates temperature, or that activates a device when the temperature
reaches a certain point.
In an electric water heater, the function of the thermostat is to use energy (electricity) to heat the water in the tank.
The voltage varies, depending on the brand, size, and type of water heater. The required voltage will be found on the
water heater.
The thermostat monitors the temperature and averts an explosion by shutting off it’s energy source if the
temperature exceeds safe temperatures.
More than one thermostat may be found on a water
heater, which changes the way a single thermostat
may function. The types of water heater systems
that are most typical for residential electric water
heaters are:
•Single Element (single thermostat)
Thermostat
Protector
Thermostat
Mounting Bracket
Diagram B
•Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase
(two thermostats-working at opposite times)
Thermostat
•Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service
(two thermostats-working at the same time)
•Double Element, Non-Simultaneously, Single Phase, Off Peak
(two thermostats-working at opposite times)
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Diagram A
Thermostat Components
Introduction to a Two Element System and the
Electrical Diagram
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram
Upper
Thermostat
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram
Upper
Element
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram
Lower
Thermostat
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Introduction to a Two-Element System and the Electrical Diagram
Lower
Element
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Thermostat Components
Single Element
(one thermostat)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Single Element (single thermostat)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Single Element (single thermostat)
Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the element.
DIAGRAM L
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Single Element (single thermostat)
Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the element.
When water temperature is cold
When the tank is cold, the thermostat will be
closed at terminal T2. When this happens, the
circuit will be completed and will allow the current
to flow through the element.
DIAGRAM L
DIAGRAM M
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Single Element (single thermostat)
Electricity (line voltage) is applied across terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut Off) is closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4 and to one side of the element.
When water temperature is cold
When the tank is cold, the thermostat will be
closed at terminal T2. When this happens, the
circuit will be completed and will allow the current
to flow through the element.
DIAGRAM L
When water is heated
When the water temperature is within the
acceptable heated range, the flow through the
element will be interrupted. This happens
because terminal T2 opens, preventing the
current from flowing. As a result, the system
will be in stand-by mode.
DIAGRAM M
DIAGRAM N
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Thermostat Components
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single
Phase (two thermostats / two elements)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage)
is applied across
terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the
thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) is
closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4
and to one side of the
upper and lower
elements.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage)
is applied across
terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the
thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) is
closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4
and to one side of the
upper and lower
elements.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats will
be closed at terminal
T2 and terminal 2. The
circuit will be complete
through the upper
thermostat onlyallowing the current to
flow through the upper
element.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage)
is applied across
terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the
thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) is
closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4
and to one side of the
upper and lower
elements.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats will
be closed at terminal
T2 and terminal 2. The
circuit will be complete
through the upper
thermostat onlyallowing the current to
flow through the upper
element.
When water in the top
half is optimally heated
The upper thermostat
will be satisfied, terminal
T2 will be open, there
will be no current to the
upper element, and
terminal T4 will be
closed—allowing flow
through the lower
thermostat and the
lower element.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage)
is applied across
terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the
thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) is
closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4
and to one side of the
upper and lower
elements.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats will
be closed at terminal
T2 and terminal 2. The
circuit will be complete
through the upper
thermostat onlyallowing the current to
flow through the upper
element.
When water in the top When water in the bottom
half is optimally heated half is optimally heated
The upper thermostat
will be satisfied, terminal
T2 will be open, there
will be no current to the
upper element, and
terminal T4 will be
closed—allowing flow
through the lower
thermostat and the
lower element.
Because the lower
thermostat is
satisfied, terminal 2
will open and the
lower element will
no longer heat –
placing the system
in stand-by mode.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage)
is applied across
terminal L1 and
terminal L3 of the
thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) is
closed, so there is
voltage at terminal L4
and to one side of the
upper and lower
elements.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats will
be closed at terminal
T2 and terminal 2. The
circuit will be complete
through the upper
thermostat onlyallowing the current to
flow through the upper
element.
When water in the top When water in the bottom
half is optimally heated half is optimally heated
The upper thermostat
will be satisfied, terminal
T2 will be open, there
will be no current to the
upper element, and
terminal T4 will be
closed—allowing flow
through the lower
thermostat and the
lower element.
Because the lower
thermostat is
satisfied, terminal 2
will open and the
lower element will
no longer heat –
placing the system
in stand-by mode.
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On and Off Cycling
When the tank is cold,
and in times of high
demand, the upper
thermostat will engage
before the lower
thermostat has reached
it’s optimal temperature.
Terminal T4 will open
and terminal T2 will
close. As a result, only
the upper element will
heat.
Thermostat Components
Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase,
4 Wire Service
(two thermostats / two elements)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) for circuit
one is applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the lower
thermostat. Voltage for circuit
two is applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the upper
thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut
Off) in both thermostats is
closed, so there is voltage at
terminal L4 of each thermostat
and to one side of the upper and
lower elements.
DIAGRAM T
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) for circuit
one is applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the lower
thermostat. Voltage for circuit
two is applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the upper
thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut
Off) in both thermostats is
closed, so there is voltage at
terminal L4 of each thermostat
and to one side of the upper and
lower elements.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats will be closed at
terminal T2. The circuit will be
complete through both
thermostats-allowing the current to
flow through both elements.
DIAGRAM U
DIAGRAM T
DIAGRAM U
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Simultaneous, Single Phase, 4 Wire Service (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) for circuit
one is applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the lower
thermostat. Voltage for circuit
two is applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the upper
thermostat. The ECO (Energy Cut
Off) in both thermostats is
closed, so there is voltage at
terminal L4 of each thermostat
and to one side of the upper and
lower elements.
DIAGRAM T
When water in either
half is optimally heated
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats will be closed at
terminal T2. The circuit will be
complete through both
thermostats-allowing the current to
flow through both elements.
Once either thermostat is satisfied,
terminal T2 will be open and there
will be no current to the
corresponding element. Once
both thermostats are satisfied, the
system will be in stand-by mode.
Thermostats will operate
independent of one another.
DIAGRAM U
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DIAGRAM V
Thermostat Components
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single
Phase, Off Peak
(two thermostats / two elements)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements)
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) is
applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the
upper thermostat. Line
voltage from off peak
meter is supplied to
terminal L1 of lower
thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) in the
upper thermostat is closed,
so there is voltage at
terminal L4 of the upper
thermostat and to one side
of the upper element.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) is
applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the upper
thermostat. Line voltage
from off peak meter is
supplied to terminal L1 of
lower thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) in the upper
thermostat is closed, so there
is voltage at terminal L4 of
the upper thermostat and to
one side of the upper
element.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats
will be closed at
terminal T2. The
circuit will be
complete through
the upper
thermostat only allowing the current
to flow through the
upper element.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) is
applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the upper
thermostat. Line voltage
from off peak meter is
supplied to terminal L1 of
lower thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) in the upper
thermostat is closed, so there
is voltage at terminal L4 of
the upper thermostat and to
one side of the upper
element.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats
will be closed at
terminal T2. The
circuit will be
complete through
the upper
thermostat onlyallowing the current
to flow through the
upper element.
When water in the top
half is optimally heated
The upper thermostat will be
satisfied, terminal T2 will be
open, there will be no current to
the upper element, and
terminal T4 will be closed—
allowing flow through one side
of the lower thermostat. With
the circuit through the lower
thermostat and off peak meter
now complete, there will be
flow through the lower element.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) is
applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the upper
thermostat. Line voltage
from off peak meter is
supplied to terminal L1 of
lower thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) in the upper
thermostat is closed, so there
is voltage at terminal L4 of
the upper thermostat and to
one side of the upper
element.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats
will be closed at
terminal T2. The
circuit will be
complete through
the upper
thermostat only allowing the current
to flow through the
upper element.
When water in the top
half is optimally heated
When water in the bottom
half is optimally heated
The upper thermostat will be
satisfied, terminal T2 will be
open, there will be no current to
the upper element, and
terminal T4 will be closed—
allowing flow through one side
of the lower thermostat. With
the circuit through the lower
thermostat and off peak meter
now complete, there will be
flow through the lower element.
Because the
lower thermostat
is satisfied,
terminal T2 will
open and the
lower element
will no longer
heat – placing the
system in standby mode.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Thermostat (cont.)
Double Element, Non-Simultaneous, Single Phase, Off Peak (two thermostats / two elements)
Electricity (line voltage) is
applied across terminal L1
and terminal L3 of the upper
thermostat. Line voltage
from off peak meter is
supplied to terminal L1 of
lower thermostat. The ECO
(Energy Cut Off) in the upper
thermostat is closed, so there
is voltage at terminal L4 of
the upper thermostat and to
one side of the upper
element.
When water
temperature is cold
Both thermostats
will be closed at
terminal T2. The
circuit will be
complete through
the upper
thermostat only allowing the current
to flow through the
upper element.
When water in the top
half is optimally heated
When water in the bottom
half is optimally heated
Peak Power
Demands
The upper thermostat will be
satisfied, terminal T2 will be
open, there will be no current to
the upper element, and
terminal T4 will be closed—
allowing flow through one side
of the lower thermostat. With
the circuit through the lower
thermostat and off peak meter
now complete, there will be
flow through the lower element.
Because the
lower thermostat
is satisfied,
terminal T2 will
open and the
lower element
will no longer
heat – placing the
system in standby mode.
The off peak meter
will interrupt power
to terminal L1 of
the lower
thermostat. Only
the top thermostat
/ element
combination is
allowed to operate.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Note: the local utility
will determine high
demand times.
Electrical Components
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Components
Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover
Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire
The electrical cover plate
serves as both the cover and
as the ground.
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Understanding Functions of Components
Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover
Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire
The function of the
flexible conduit is to hold
and protect the electrical
wiring between the
electrical access point and
incoming external
electrical source.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Components
Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover
Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire
The conduit connector is
thread into the knockout
hole. The conduit will be
fitted into the conduit
connector.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Components
Electrical Cover Plate / Junction Box Cover
Including knockout hole, flexible conduit, conduit connector, and grounding wire
If there is no established
hole (i.e., on the electrical
cover plate), there should be
a knockout hole available
near the cover plate. Once
the hole cover has been
removed, the wires will
eventually feed into this hole
to provide the electrical
source to the water heater.
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Remaining Components
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Heating Elements
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Heating Elements
This is a screw in heating element for a
residential water heater.
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Heating Elements
This is a screw in heating element for a
residential water heater.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a pre-determined
drop in water temperature.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Heating Elements
This is a screw in heating element for a
residential water heater.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a pre-determined
drop in water temperature.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a predetermined drop in water temperature. The
element(s) then heat the water until it
reaches a pre-determined temperature. The
thermostat will then prevent the electricity
from reaching the element—until the water
has become too cool again—when the cycle
will repeat.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Heating Elements
This is a screw in heating element for a
residential water heater.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a pre-determined
drop in water temperature.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a predetermined drop in water temperature. The
element(s) then heat the water until it
reaches a pre-determined temperature. The
thermostat will then prevent the electricity
from reaching the element—until the water
has become too cool again—when the cycle
will repeat.
The screw in heating element is
connected to the water heater
with a large thread and nut. The
Element pictured (lower left), is
A simple U-shape
element. The advantage of this element
is cost-effectiveness.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Heating Elements
This is a screw in heating element for a
residential water heater.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a pre-determined
drop in water temperature.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a predetermined drop in water temperature. The
element(s) then heat the water until it
reaches a pre-determined temperature. The
thermostat will then prevent the electricity
from reaching the element—until the water
has become too cool again—when the cycle
will repeat.
The screw in heating element is
connected to the water heater
with a large thread and nut. The
Element pictured (lower left), is
A simple U-shape
element. The advantage of this element
is cost-effectiveness.
Another heating elements design is the folded back
version. Pictured below (side right).
The advantage of this design
is its ability to prevent
mineral buildup. The cost is a
disadvantage when compared
to the more widely used,
simple, U-shape element.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Heating Elements
This is a screw in heating element for a
residential water heater.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a pre-determined
drop in water temperature.
Electricity is supplied to the heating element
when the thermostat registers a predetermined drop in water temperature. The
element(s) then heat the water until it
reaches a pre-determined temperature. The
thermostat will then prevent the electricity
from reaching the element—until the water
has become too cool again—when the cycle
will repeat.
The screw in heating element is
connected to the water heater
with a large thread and nut. The
Element pictured (lower left), is
A simple U-shape
element. The advantage of this element
is cost-effectiveness.
Another heating elements design is the folded back
version. Pictured below (side right).
The advantage of this design
is its ability to prevent
mineral buildup. The cost is a
disadvantage when compared
to the more widely used,
simple, U-shape element.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Hot Water Outlet Components
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Hot Water Outlet Components
Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe)
Hot Water
Outlet/Anode
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Hot Water Outlet Components
Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe)
The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of
the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water
outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank.
Hot Water
Outlet/Anode
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Hot Water Outlet Components
Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe)
The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of
the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water
outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank.
Heat Trap
Hot Water
Insert
Heat Trap Insert
Outlet/Anode
(Outlet)
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Hot Water Outlet Components
Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe)
The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of
the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water
outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank.
Heat Trap
Hot Water
Insert
Heat Trap Insert
Outlet/Anode
(Outlet)
The heat trap insert prevents excessive heat
loss through the outlet piping. A good heat
trap insert would reduce standby heat loss
up to 40% or more.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Hot Water Outlet Components
Hot Water Outlet (also known as the heat-out pipe)
The hot water outlet carries the heated water to the household appliances. Because of
the way hot water raises above cold water, the water that exits through the hot water
outlet will be the hottest water available in the tank.
Heat Trap
Hot Water
Insert
Heat Trap Insert
Outlet/Anode
(Outlet)
The heat trap insert prevents excessive heat
loss through the outlet piping. A good heat
trap insert would reduce standby heat loss
up to 40% or more.
The older version of heat trap inserts
utilize a ball, which is prone to making
noise. The newer versions are quieter.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components
Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube)
Cold Water
Inlet Dip
Tube
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components
Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube)
The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to
the bottom of the tank to be heated.
Cold Water
Inlet Dip
Tube
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components
Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube)
The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to
the bottom of the tank to be heated.
Heat Trap
Insert (Inlet)
Cold Water
Inlet Dip
Tube
Heat Trap Inserts
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components
Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube)
The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to
the bottom of the tank to be heated.
Heat Trap
Insert (Inlet)
Cold Water
Inlet Dip
Tube
Heat Trap Inserts
The heat trap inserts prevent excessive
heat loss through the outlet piping. A
good set of heat trap inserts would
reduce standby heat loss up to 40% or
more.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Cold Water Inlet (Dip Tube) Components
Cold Water Inlet (also known as the Dip Tube)
The cold water inlet draws water into the water heater; Once in the tank, it travels to
the bottom of the tank to be heated.
Heat Trap
Insert (Inlet)
Cold Water
Inlet Dip
Tube
Heat Trap Inserts
The heat trap inserts prevent excessive
heat loss through the outlet piping. A
good set of heat trap inserts would
reduce standby heat loss up to 40% or
more.
The older version of heat trap
inserts utilize a ball, which is prone
to making noise. The newer
versions are quieter.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Sacrificial Anode
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Sacrificial Anode
The sacrificial anode rod draws to itself the harmful
conductivity caused by oxygen, magnesium, fluoride,
chlorine and suspended particles within the tank. In
essence, it sacrifices itself by drawing this conductivity
and allowing itself to be the focus of corrosion before
the tank becomes deteriorated.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Sacrificial
Anode
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Sacrificial Anode
The sacrificial anode rod draws to itself the harmful
conductivity caused by oxygen, magnesium, fluoride,
chlorine and suspended particles within the tank. In
essence, it sacrifices itself by drawing this conductivity
and allowing itself to be the focus of corrosion before
the tank becomes deteriorated.
Not all water heaters have a sacrificial anode rod.
Once the anode rod becomes corroded, it can cause a
bad odor. The odor has been described as similar to
rotten eggs.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Sacrificial
Anode
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Sacrificial Anode
The sacrificial anode rod draws to itself the harmful
conductivity caused by oxygen, magnesium, fluoride,
chlorine and suspended particles within the tank. In
essence, it sacrifices itself by drawing this conductivity
and allowing itself to be the focus of corrosion before
the tank becomes deteriorated.
Not all water heaters have a sacrificial anode rod.
Once the anode rod becomes corroded, it can cause a
bad odor. The odor has been described as similar to
rotten eggs.
However, this odor can also be caused by having an
anode made of the wrong type of material.
Sometimes, switching from one type (magnesium, zinc
aluminum) to another can solve the problem.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Sacrificial
Anode
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
T&P
Relief
Valve
Alternative
Placement
for the T&P
Relief Valve
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
T&P
Relief
Valve
Alternative
Placement
for the T&P
Relief Valve
The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one)
protects the water heater from damage and
explosion by preventing high water temperatures
and high pressure build up.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
T&P
Relief
Valve
Alternative
Placement
for the T&P
Relief Valve
The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one)
protects the water heater from damage and
explosion by preventing high water temperatures
and high pressure build up.
Not all water heaters have the combined T&P
Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon
Law requires either:
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
T&P
Relief
Valve
Alternative
Placement
for the T&P
Relief Valve
The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one)
protects the water heater from damage and
explosion by preventing high water temperatures
and high pressure build up.
Not all water heaters have the combined T&P
Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon
Law requires either:
A Temperature Relief Valve AND a
Pressure Relief Valve
OR
A T&P Relief Valve
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
T&P
Relief
Valve
Alternative
Placement
for the T&P
Relief Valve
The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one)
protects the water heater from damage and
explosion by preventing high water temperatures
and high pressure build up.
Not all water heaters have the combined T&P
Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon
Law requires either:
The T&P Relief Valve responds to
excessive pressure by opening at the
set pressure point of the valve.
A Temperature Relief Valve AND a
Pressure Relief Valve
OR
A T&P Relief Valve
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
T&P
Relief
Valve
Alternative
Placement
for the T&P
Relief Valve
The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one)
protects the water heater from damage and
explosion by preventing high water temperatures
and high pressure build up.
Not all water heaters have the combined T&P
Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon
Law requires either:
The T&P Relief Valve responds to
excessive pressure by opening at the
set pressure point of the valve.
A Temperature Relief Valve AND a
Pressure Relief Valve
OR
A T&P Relief Valve
When it senses a build up of pressure,
it opens to relieve the thermal
expansion and returns the pressure
back to normal.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve
T&P
Relief
Valve
Alternative
Placement
for the T&P
Relief Valve
The T&P Relief Valve (two devices in one)
protects the water heater from damage and
explosion by preventing high water temperatures
and high pressure build up.
Not all water heaters have the combined T&P
Relief Valve—it’s important to note that Oregon
Law requires either:
The T&P Relief Valve responds to
excessive pressure by opening at the
set pressure point of the valve.
When it senses a build up of pressure,
it opens to relieve the thermal
expansion and returns the pressure
back to normal.
A Temperature Relief Valve AND a
Pressure Relief Valve
OR
A T&P Relief Valve
When the temperature of the water reaches
210 degrees, the T&P Relief Valve discharges
the overheated water, allowing the cooler
water to enter the tank and bring temperatures
back to normal.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Overflow Pipe
Overflow Pipe
Overflow
Pipe
The overflow pipe,
connected to the
temperature / pressure
relief valve, directs leaking
water away from the tank
and to the floor.
Diagram K1
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Shut-Off Valve (Water Supply Valve)
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Shut-Off Valve (Water Supply Valve)
Whether the cold water shut-off valve, otherwise known as
a water supply valve, is the gate or ball style—its function is
to stop the flow of water into the tank. The ball valve is the
more widely used of the two.
Shut-Off
Gate
Valve
Shut-Off
Ball
Valve
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Drain Valve
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Drain Valve
The drain valve is available in several different designs.
Regardless of the design, its purpose is the same.
Drain
Valve
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Drain Valve
The drain valve is available in several different designs.
Regardless of the design, its purpose is the same.
The drain valve will be opened to release water from the
tank and closed to prevent water from exiting through the
bottom of the tank.
Drain
Valve
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Earthquake Ties
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Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Earthquake Ties
In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters
shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake motion.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Return to
Installing the
Residential Hot
Water Heater
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Earthquake Ties
In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters
shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake motion.
Exception: Water heaters in residential
structures in seismic design category C
are not required to be strapped or
anchored to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake
motion.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Return to
Installing the
Residential Hot
Water Heater
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Earthquake Ties
In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters
shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake motion.
Exception: Water heaters in residential
structures in seismic design category C
are not required to be strapped or
anchored to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake
motion.
Earthquake
Ties
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Return to
Installing the
Residential Hot
Water Heater
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Earthquake Ties
In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters
shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake motion.
Exception: Water heaters in residential
structures in seismic design category C
are not required to be strapped or
anchored to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake
motion.
Earthquake
Ties
Strapping shall be at points within the upper
one-third (1/3) and lower one-third (1/3) of its
vertical dimensions.
Copyright 2013-2017 Area II Plumbers JATC. All Rights Reserved.
Return to
Installing the
Residential Hot
Water Heater
Understanding Functions of Remaining Components
Earthquake Ties
In seismic design categories C, D, E, and F, water heaters
shall be anchored or strapped to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake motion.
Exception: Water heaters in residential
structures in seismic design category C
are not required to be strapped or
anchored to resist horizontal
displacement due to earthquake
motion.
At the lower
point, a distance
of not less than
four (4) inches
(102 mm) shall
be maintained
above the
controls with
the strapping.
Earthquake
Ties
Strapping shall be at points within the upper
one-third (1/3) and lower one-third (1/3) of its
vertical dimensions.
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Installing the
Residential Hot
Water Heater