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The nucleus of an atoms contains protons and electrons A proton is a False particle with a (protons and positive neutrons) charge. True False (cannot) In a molecule of water, two atoms of hydrogen share electrons. True When an atom loses electrons, it is negatively charged. False (positively) Ions with opposite charges are attracted to each other. True Substances in a mixture lose their original properties. False (keep) Blood is a suspension. An element can be broken down into simpler forms. True 1 Most compounds that contain carbon are organic. True Proteins are made up of amino acids. True DNA and RNA are carbohydrates. False (nucleic acids) Lipids store and release large amounts of energy. True Water is an organic compound. False (inorganic) Anything that has mass and takes up space. matter 2 Locked in chemical bonds that hold atoms together. Two or more elements chemically combined. Protein that speeds up a chemical reaction. The passage of large molecules through the cell membrane into the cell is called _____. Energy A substance made of only one type. Element Compound Electrically charged atom. ion Enzyme The smallest part of a compound having all the properties of that compound. molecule endocytosis Active transport always requires ______. energy 3 The movement of molecules from an area where there are many to where there are few is called _______. Proteins are transported by the Golgi bodies. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Osmosis is a type of passive transport involving elements such as calcium. diffusion The cell uses energy to transport glucose through the cell membrane. True True Diffusion is a type of active transport. False (passive) True No energy is required for the movement of water molecules across the cell membrane. True False (moving water) In exocytosis, substances are released from the cell at the cell membrane. True 4 Carrier proteins are located in the cell membrane. Molecules tend to move into areas where there are more molecules. The green pigment in plants is called ______. A food chain always begins with a _______. True Random movement of molecules stops once equilibrium is reached. False (continues) False (fewer) Plants get their energy from the ______. sun chlorophyll Organisms that can make their own food are called ______. producers producer The process by which plants change light energy into chemical energy is called _______. photosynthesis 5 All the chemical changes that occur within the cells of an organism is called _______. Overworked muscles can still release energy when oxygen levels are low by the process of _______. Consumers obtain energy by eating ______ and other consumers. During fermentation, ______ and ______ are produced. carbon dioxide, alcohol, energy, or lactic acid fermentation The metabolism of glucose when oxygen is present is called _______. respiration producers Energy is released in the absence of oxygen. fermentation metabolism 6 Energy source necessary for photosynthesis. Sunlight Causes muscles to be sore. Lactic acid Made and stored by plants. Glucose Obtain energy from producers. consumers Energy can be lost in this form. Heat Place where glucose is metabolized. Contain green Chloroplasts. pigment. Combines with glucose Mitochondria during respiration. Oxygen 7 Fermentation product in yeast. Organic material from plants or animals that is used for energy is called _______. Biomass fuel can be a solid, liquid, or _______. Ethanol can be mixed with gasoline to be used in any __________. Alcohol Waste product in respiration. water biomass The chemical energy found in biomass can be traced back to __________. radiant energy from the sun gas Microorganisms convert the sugar in sugar cane, corn, and grain into ethanol in the process of _________. alcoholic fermentation A mixture of gasoline and ethanol is called ________. gasohol gasoline engine 8 Wood alcohol, or ________, can be used as a fuel for automobiles. methanol Alcohol production from biomass is not _________. energy efficient Biogas is a It is possible mixture of to change gases that can animal wastes _______ into be stored and biogas. transported like _______. natural gas When biogas is burned, it produces fewer _______ than either coal or biomass. pollutants Biomass reduces dependence on ________. fossil fuels the waste disposal problem Biomass does not pollute the atmosphere with ________ as long as the plant matter burned equals the plant matter produced each year. carbon dioxide Biomass makes use of wastes which reduces _________. 9 When collected and burned close to the source of production, biomass has a high _______. Improper management of crop lands and forests could lead to _______, sedimentation, destruction of reservoirs, and flooding. net energy efficiency The use of land for energy crops competes with the ________. growing of food crops soil erosion Removing crops and forestry wastes may reduce ________. soil nutrients 10