Download Cognitive Psychology- Briana, Levi, Corey, Joey

Cognition Practice
.1)
You tell your friends about the great time you had at the local Six Flags park. Most of the
information that you have forgotten about this experience was most likely processed in your
A.
B.
C.
D.
personal memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
Short-term memory has a ________ capacity than sensory memory and a ________
Q.2)
duration.
A.
B.
C.
D.
more limited; longer
less limited; longer
larger; shorter
more limited; shorter
According to the connectionist network view or memory, memories are _________, and
Q.3)
according to the schema theory of memory, memories are _________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
abstract concepts; large knowledge structures
neural connections; large knowledge structures
parallel concepts; electrical impulses
concurrent concepts; nodes of information
Shane is studying for a vocabulary test. When he studies the word "braggart" he thinks of
Q.4) how his friend Bill acts whenever Bill wins a tennis match. Shane is processing this word at
a(n)
A.
shallow level
B.
intermediate level
C.
personal level
D.
deep level
Q.5) One of the most effective ways to make our memories distinctive is to use mental
A.
cues.
B.
rehearsal.
C.
imagery.
D.
concentration.
Q.6) The extensiveness of processing informationat a given level is called
A.
scope of processing.
B.
depth of processing.
C.
span of memory.
D.
elaboration.
Q.7) Memory is the _________ of information or experience over a period of time.
A.
B.
C.
D.
rehearsal
intake
association
retention
When we take in information in the course of daily life, such as the words and diagrams
Q.8)
presented during a lecture, we are using the memory process of
A.
retention
B.
encoding
C.
fixation
D.
retrieval
Q.9) The three processes of memory are encoding, ________, and retrieval.
A.
B.
C.
D.
rehearsal
storage
recollection
fixation
A relatively permanent type of memory that stores a huge amount of information for a long
Q.10)
time is known as your
A.
personal memory
B.
sensory memory
C.
long-term memory
D.
short-term memory
Q.11) A person's knowledge about the world is also know as their
A.
B.
C.
D.
semantic memory
implicit memory
consciousness
sonomatic memory
A preexisting mental framework or concept that helps people organize and interperet
Q.12)
information is called a(n)
A.
B.
C.
D.
schema
script
implicit memory
heuristic
Memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a recollection of that
Q.13)
experience is known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
short-term memory
explicit memory
sensory memory
implicit memory
The memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory storage
Q.14)
comes out is called _______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
retention
retrieval
storage
encoding
A schema for an event often containing info about physical features people and typical
Q.15)
occurences is called a _____________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
schema
script
memory
heuristic
In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which
Q.16) confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which
specialty area does her research best represent?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Biological psychology
Developmental psychology
Cognitive psychology
Humanistic psychology
According to the semantic/associate model proposed by Collins and Quillian, which
Q.17) memory concept is most likely to be activated when the person thinks about the concept
“robin”?
A.
B.
C.
Eats worms
Is an animal
Has skin
D.
Breathes air
Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best
Q.18)
illustrates their capacity to develop:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Concepts
Syntax
Heuristics
Pragmatics
When Janet sees a coffee mug, a tall juice glass, and a short whiskey glass, she probably
Q.19)
categorizes all these objects together as the ___ of "cup".
A.
Concept
B.
Phoneme
C.
Syllogism
D.
Mental set (Einstellung set)
Q.20) Prototype is to category as ____ is to ____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
wheel; car
milk; beverage
waiter; retaurant
comedian; laughter
Kendra only classifies an animal as a fish if it swims, lays eggs, and has gills. She
Q.21) considers these necessary traits that all fish must have. In this case, Kendra’s classification
method uses
A.
family resemblance
B.
prototypes
C.
exemplars
D.
defining features
Q.22) What type of prototype of tree is a person living in Iowa likely to have?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.23)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.24)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Palm tree
Pine tree
Dead tree
Roots
Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble
his ________ of a sport.
Phoneme
Prototype
Algorithm
Mental
We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a
blue jay more closely resembles our________ of a bird.
Heuristic
Prototype
Algorithm
Phoneme
If you have never seen a Chihuahua, but you have seen somewhat similar types of dog
Q.25) breeds, such as rat terriers and miniature Pinschers, which theory would better predict your
ability to correctly identify a Chihuahua as a “dog”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.26)
Morphological rules
Prototype theory
Phenotypic theory
Exemplar theory
Aramis is taking a statistics exam. He knows that he has to calculate a standard deviation
for the third problem, but he isn’t sure which numbers to use for the calculations.
According to the IDEAL steps for problem solving, Aramis would be in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.27)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.28)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.29)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Identification
Exploration
Action
Definition
In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the
most expensive brands are the best. Megan’s self-reminder illustrates the use of:
An algorithm
A heuristic
The framing effect
Functional fixedness
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf
in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
The availability heuristic
Functional fixedness
An algorithm
The representativeness heuristic
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available
coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:
Functional fixedness
The framing effect
A mental set
Twisted belief
While out-of-town on an important business conference, Charles finds his shoelace is
broken. He doesn’t have another pair or time to stop on the way to his presentation. Then
Q.30)
he realizes he can use the neck strap of his name tag to substitute for the broken shoelace.
This illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.31)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Convergent thinking
The use of ecemplars
Overcoming functional fixedness
Analogical reasoning
The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend,
the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of:
The heuristic principle
The example principle
Analogical problem solving
Means-end analysis
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family,
and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it
Q.32)
is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community.
The lawyer is most clearly seeking to take advantage of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Functional Fixedness
Representativeness heuristics
Belief perseverance
Language acquisition device
You visit your academic advisor because you have to pick a major, but you have no idea
what you want to do in life. She asks you to define your goals, list the subjects you excel in
Q.33) and your interests. By the end of the meeting you and your advisor have successfully gone
through several steps in the process of choosing a major and you feel confident in your
choice: Psychology! What method best describes your problem solving process?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Syllogistic reasoning
The heuristic principle
The example principle
Means-end analysis
Beatrix is trying to decide how to tell her new boyfriend that the relationship is not working
out for her. Her friend Dave tells her to think about a bandaged wound: “It’s best to just rip
Q.34)
it off! It hurts for a little bit but then the pain is over.” What type of problem solving is
this?
A.
Syllogistic reasoning
B.
Means-end analysis
C.
Predictive reasoning
D.
Analoical reasoning
Q.35) The word “chimps” contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.36)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.37)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.38)
A.
B.
C.
D.
5; 2
6; 1
2; 5
1; 6
Native German speakers who pronounce the English world “this” as “dis” are
demonstrating their difficulty with an English:
Phoneme
Morpheme
Prototype
Polished structure
When you add s to the word apple you are referring to more than one apple. This illustrates
an English language rule of:
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmantics
Telegraphics
In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in “green car.” This
illustrates an English language rule of:
Semantics
Algorithms
Syntax
Phonology
Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the
Q.39) rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like “push” before they learn common past
tense constructions of irregular verbs like “go”?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Q.40)
Skinner
Whorf
Tversky
Chomsky
The fact that children speak with an accent that is similar to that of their peers is best
explained by ________ theory of language acquisition.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Skinner's
Chomsky's
Whorf's
Tversky's
Shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee
Q.41)
an answer are things called:
A.
Cognitions
B.
C.
D.
Hindsight bias
Algorithms
Heuristics
Strategies including formulas and instructions and the testing of all possible solutions that
Q.42)
guarantee a solution to a problem are strategies called
A.
Heuristics
B.
Cognitions
C.
Algorithms
D.
Hindsight Bias
Q.43) Our tendency to report falsely, after the fact that we accurately preficted an outcome
A.
Hindsight bias
B.
Cognition
C.
Algorithm
D.
Heuristic
Q.44) Remembering information about doing something in the future is known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
retrospective memory
prospective memory
implicit memory
explicit memory
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