Download APUSH c8-9 Questions Answered

APUSH c8-9 Questions Answered
N Ealey
2 Antifederalists
They were a motley crowd, consisted of the states’ right devotees, the background
dwellers, the one- horse farmers, the work-soiled artisans, the ill- educated and illiterate(the poorer classes). They were joined by the paper-moneyites and debtors. They
thought that the central government would make them pay off their debts at full value.
They voiced their objections on the Constitution. They were mad because jeopardized by
the absence of the bill of rights. They came up in 1787.
E Johnson
Peace of Paris,1783
The Peace of Paris was a treaty drawn up in1783. It was between the British and
America.
This treaty was written shortly after the battle at Yorktown.Iy was made up by John Jay
and John Adams. It was very important because it marked the first time that Britain
recognized America's independence. The treaty stated that the Americans would help
British creditors
collect pre war debts and to cease confiscating Tory property in exchange for Britain
wathdrawing their troops.
B Rodgers
6 Lexington-Concord
In April 1775 the British commander in Boston sent troops to Lexington and Concord.
They were to seize stores of colonial gunpowder and to capture the “rebel” ringleaders,
Samuel Adams and John Hancock. At Lexington the colonial “Minute Men” refused to
distribute fast enough. Shots were fired that killed eight Americans and left several
wounded. This was known as the “Lexington Massacre” rather than a battle.
The redcoats went on to Concord, where they were forced to retreat by the rough and
ready Americans. The confused British counted about three hundred casualties
(something or somebody destroyed or suffering as an indirect result of a particular event),
including some seventy killed. This was a start of a war.
Erica Johnson
7 loyalists, Tories
After the incident in April of 1775, Britiain constructed a professional army of about fifty
thousand men to compete with trained American militia. Britain enrolled about fifty
thousand American Loyalists along with about thirty thousand Germans, and Indians.
The English Whig factions( Patriots), opposed to Lord North Tory’s wing (Loyalists).
Loyalists were loyal to the king. Loyalists made up about 20% of the American people.
Loyalists also included the king’s officers and other beneficiaries of the crown. Usually
the Loyalists were most numerous where the Anglican church was the strongest. They
were the least numerous in New England, where self- government was especially strong
and mercantilism (an early modern European economic theory and system that actively
supported the establishment of colonies that would supply materials and markets and
relieve home nations of dependence on other nations ) was especially weak.
Loyalist Exodus- Before the Declaration of Independence in 1776, persecution of
Loyalists was relatively mild. After the Declaration of Independence, Loyalists and
Patriots were sharply separated. This led to much harsher methods of persecution for the
Loyalists. They were roughly handled, hundreds were imprisoned, and a few were
hanged. About eighty thousand loyal supporters of George were driven out or fled but
several were permitted to stay. The estates of many were confiscated and sold to help
finance the war. Some fifty thousand Loyalists served as spies by inciting the Indians
and kept Patriot soldiers home to protect their families. This was to help the king’s
causes.
World War 1- The British devised a plan to roll up the colonies , beginning with the
South, where the Loyalists were numerous. This led to the overrun of he colonies of
Georgia(1778-1779)and Charleston, South Carolina(1780). Warfare intensified in the
Carolinas where Patriots fought their Loyalist neighbors. The tide turned in 1780 and
early 1781 when American riflemen wiped out a British detachment in King’s Mountain
and then defeated a smaller force at Cowpens. General Nathanael Greene(Quaker-reared
tactician) succeeded in clearing most of Georgia and South Carolina of British troops.
N Ealey
11 George Washington
George Washington was the first President of the United States of America. He
served two terms from 1789- 1797 he won by electoral votes. He was a esteemed war
hero. He was important because he participated in the French Revolution, Farewell
Address, American Revolution, Continental Congress, Constitutional Convention,
French and Indian War, Neutrality Proclamation, Whiskey Rebellion, and the
ratification of the Constitution.
P Howard Connecticut Compromise
At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, Connecticut's delegates supported the
establishment of a strong national government. They played an important role in
bringing about the Great Compromise (sometimes called the Connecticut Compromise).
Convention delegates from large states wanted a state's representation in Congress to be
based on population. Delegates from small states wanted all states to have equal
representation in Congress. The compromise provided for representation in proportion
to population in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate. It
enabled the large and small states to join in supporting a central government that had
substantial powers. Connecticut ratified the U.S. Constitution on Jan. 9, 1788, becoming
the fifth state to join the Union.
During the 1780's, Connecticut gave up claims to most of the western land that the colony had been granted
in the 1662 charter. Connecticut kept only its claim to the Western Reserve. Most of this land in
northeastern Ohio was sold to the Connecticut Land Company in 1795. The money from the sale was used
for education.
M Seay
The Iroquois Confederacy
The Iroquois Confederacy was founded in the late 1500s by two distinct
leaders, Deganwidah and Hiawatha. Located in the Northeast region of North
America, it consisted of a combination of five Indian nations: the Mohawks,
the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas and the Senecas. The Iroquois
Confederacy developed the political and organizational skills to sustain a
robust military alliance. It created perhaps the closest North America approximation to
the great nation-states of Mexico and Peru.
H Solomon
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Thomas Jefferson was born in 1743 and he was a delegate form Virgina. He was the
thrid president and the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the
most brilliant men in history. His interests were boundless, and his accomplishments
were great and varied. As president he strengthened the powers of the executive brance of
government. He was the first president to lead a political party, and through it he
exercised control over the Congress of the United States
FIRST AND SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
H SOLOMON
The British had a strategy to divide the Americas and it nearly succeeded. The Colonial
leaders met in the First Continental Congress that was held in Philadelphia in September
and October in 1774. A pamphlet titled A Summary View of the Rights of British
America intended to influence the Virginia delegates to the Congress. Thomas Jefferson
denounced all parliamentary legislation as acts “of arbitrary power...over these states.”
The Congress declared the British reform program “unconstitutional, dangerous, and
destructive to the freedom” of America. More important, it voted to establish a Third
Nonimportant Movement. Too much blood had been spilled to allow a peaceful
compromise. A final “Olive Branch Petition” approved by the Second Continental
Congress in 1775 was rejected by the king. As a series of military skirmishes fostered
the growth of American patriotism, the Continental Congress took the final steps. In June
1775 it had commissioned George Washington to organize and lead a Continental Army.
In addition, the Congress ordered publication on July 4, 1776, of a Declaration of
Independence, which recounted the grievances against Britain and declared the colonies
free and independent as the United States of America
J Taylor
12) Yorktown
British General Cornwallis went back to the Chesapeake Bay at Yorktown to await seaborn supplies and
reinforcements. During one of the darkest periods of the war which was 1780-1781. This is important
because Cornwallis had blundered into a trap. Accompanied by Rochambeu's French army, Washington
beset the British by land, while de Grasse blockaded them by sea beating off the British fleet. Completely
corned, Cornwallis surrendered his entire force of seven thousand men on October 19, 1781, as his band
appropriately played "The World turn'd Upside Down."
L Alexander
Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. It was
drafted and adopted in Philadelphia in 1791. The Bill of Rights safeguards some of the
most precious American rights like freedom of religion, speech, and the press, and the
right to a fair trial. One of the people that was very influential in the Bill of Rights were
James Madison.
B. Williams
Commerce Compromise
The commerce compromise was going into the creation of the Constitution. Thy wanted
to know who would control state/federal/ interstate/ or foreign trade, who controled
tariffs/tax, and slavery. They came to the conclusion that Feds would control
intestate(state/local) and international(national) commerce. Feds also controlled tarriffs
(tax on imported goods), but not exported goods. There are no interstate taxes, and no
new slaves after 1808
K Jones
Constitutional Convention, 1787
In 1787 the people gathered together in Philadelphia to form and sign the Constitution.
S Gilyard
Federalist Papers
A series of 85 essays defending the Constitution. It appeared in New York and was
written by federalist's leaders Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
Between October 1787 and April 1788, it provided an analysis and an explanation of the
Constitution that remained important today, such as the separation of powers and the
division of powers.
K Jones
Land Ordinance of 1785
The first of the red letter laws, which was composed of the Old Northwest being sold to
pay off national debt and the acres were being divided up for religion, education, and the
rest was for the people. The two most important thongs they were trying to get in each
acre were religion and education.
D Randle
James Madison
Architect of the U.S. Constitution, a leading theorist of republican government and the
fourth president of the U. S. as the American Revolution approached, he served from
1774 on the Orange County Committee of Safety. Two years later, he was elected to the
Virginia convention that voted for independence and that drafted a constitution for the
new state. In December of 1779, Madison became leader of the Continental Congress.
During 1784-1786, he was convinced that the Articles of Confederation were too weak to
bind the states together in the face of domestic and foreign threats to the unity of the new
nation. At the Annapolis Convention in 1786 he took a lead call for the Constitutional
Convention that met the following year in Philadelphia.
S Hayes
New Jersey Plan
The New Jersey delegates and the Constitutional Convention of 1787 proposed a plan
to protect the interests of the small states. They formed the New Jersey Plan. It suggested
that all states have equal representation in Congress.
D Reese
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
This was related to the governing of the Old Northwest and helped to provide solutions
for the problems if the new nation should deal with its colonial people. This was a
judicious compromise: it provided temporary protection and permanent equality. It also
prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory.
T Mathis
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion was an armed insurrection by farmers in the West Massachusetts
against the state government in 1786-1787. Farmer's in debt, hit by the economic
depression, petitioned that the State Senate should issue paper money and stop the
foreclosure of mortgages and being in prison because of debt. Danielle Shays led the
rebellion. And led to the ratification of Massachusetts U.S, Constitution.
D Randle
Three Fifths Compromise
The purpose of this compromise was to count slaves as part of the state's population. The
south thought all of their slaves should be counted for representation, but the north said
no and only 3 out of every 5 slaves could be represented.
S Hayes
Virginia Plan
In 1786, Edmund Randolph came up with the Virginia Plan. It favored the large states
by calling for representation in Congress based on population or the tax contributions
made by each state. When it was time to sign the Constitution, Randolph refused. Since
Virginia wouldn't except his plan, he saw no reason for his name to be on the
Constitution. He urged them to accept his plan and soon the colonies were united by the
Virginia Plan.