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1. One way in which the Five Relationships, the Ten Commandments, and the Eightfold Path are similar is that they (1) promote polytheism (2) establish gender equality (3) provide codes of behavior (4) describe secularism 2 Which idea is central to John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government? (1) A government’s power comes from the consent of the people. (2) Predestination will determine who will go to heaven. (3) Famine, disease, and conflict are natural checks on population growth. (4) The have-nots will rise up and overthrow the government of the haves. 5. 14 Which revolution resulted from the division of society shown in this diagram? (1) Puritan (1642) (3) Mexican (1910) (2) French (1789) (4) Russian (1917) 6 • Dominated the eastern Mediterranean Sea (1500s) • Conquered Egypt and Syria (1517) • Laid siege to Vienna (1529) Which empire is most closely associated with these events? (1) Ottoman Empire (3) Persian Empire (2) Spanish Empire (4) Russian Empire 7. Muslims’ reference to Christians and Jews as “People of the Book” demonstrates they all shared a belief in (1) the pope (3) monotheism (2) the five relationships (4) dharma 8. Which factor most contributed to the cultural diversity of the Ottoman Empire? (1) legal system based on the Qur’an (Koran) (2) central location spanning Europe, Africa, and Asia (3) alliances with the Russians and Hapsburgs (4) reliance on colonies in the Americas 3 Which policy is the focus of this diagram? (1) apartheid (3) appeasement (2) isolationism (4) neutrality 4. One way in which the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the Glorious Revolution are similar is that each (1) strengthened the power of the pope (2) led to the exploration of Africa (3) limited the power of the English monarchy (4) settled religious conflicts 9. Which period is most closely associated with the major ideas of these philosophers? (1) Crusades (3) Reconquista (2) Renaissance (4) Enlightenment 10. In the second half of the 20th century, what was one action taken by both Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu? (1) protesting against apartheid in South Africa (2) supporting the white government of Rhodesia (3) sending troops to liberate captives in Sudan (4) leading the independence movement in Ghana 11. Armenians under Ottoman rule and Cambodians under the Khmer Rouge both experienced (1) an outbreak of the plague (2) human rights violations (3) economic sanctions (4) an agricultural revolution (3) Protestant Reformation (4) French Revolution 12. Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, Rousseau’s The Social Contract, and Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws were works written during which time period? (1) Middle Ages (3) Enlightenment 17 Which policy is most closely associated with the events on this time line? (1) nonalignment (3) containment (2) détente (4) apartheid 18. The foreign policy of many Russian rulers supported the country’s desire for (1) access to inland cities (2) more mineral resources (3) extensive canal systems (4) warm-water ports 19 Which geographic factor played the greatest role in preventing Russia from being conquered by both Napoleon and Adolf Hitler? (1) deserts (3) climate (2) rivers (4) mountains 13 During which revolution did these executions occur? (1) French (3) Chinese (2) Russian (4) Cuban 14, The exchange of silks and spices and the spread of Buddhism along the Silk Roads are examples of (1) cultural diffusion (3) ethnocentrism (2) self-sufficiency (4) desertification 15 Which person is credited with saying “L’état, c’est moi” (I am the state)? (1) Louis XIV (3) Karl Marx (2) John Locke (4) Queen Isabella 16. Base your answer to question 25 on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . The Laws ought to be so framed, as to secure the Safety of every Citizen as much as possible. . . . The Equality of the Citizens consists in this; that they should all be subject to the same Laws. . . . — Documents of Catherine the Great, W. F. Reddaway, ed., Cambridge University Press (adapted) These ideas of Catherine the Great of Russia originated during the (1) Age of Exploration (2) Age of Enlightenment 20. Which belief system is most closely associated with the terms Eightfold Path, Four Noble Truths, and nirvana? (1) Buddhism (3) Judaism (2) Christianity (4) Shinto 21. The location of the Ottoman Empire had an impact on the (1) trade between Europe and Asia (2) conquest of Spain by the Muslims (3) spread of Buddhism into Southeast Asia (4) decline in the Atlantic slave trade “men,” “man,” “every man,” “all men,” “all citizens,” “each citizen,” “society,” and “every society” dwarfed the single reference to the French people .... — Lynn Hunt, Inventing Human Rights: A History , W. W. Norton & Company 25 This passage discusses ideals most directly associated with the (1) Golden Age of Islam (2) Reign of Charlemagne (3) Reformation (4) Enlightenment 22 What is the main idea of this cartoon? (1) The original causes of apartheid have not been eliminated. (2) Apartheid improved race relations in South Africa. (3) Peace can be achieved by nonviolence. (4) Hate is caused by poverty. 23. Which revolution was caused by the factors shown in this partial outline? (1) Russian (2) Mexican (3) French (4) Cuban 24 The theory justifying a monarch’s rule by God’s authority is called (1) laissez faire (3) predestination (2) totalitarianism (4) divine right 25. Base your answer to question 25 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... The document so frantically cobbled together was stunning in its sweep and simplicity. Never once mentioning king, nobility, or church, it declared the “natural, inalienable and sacred rights of man” to be the foundation of any and all government. It assigned sovereignty to the nation, not the king, and pronounced everyone equal before the law, thus opening positions to talent and merit and implicitly eliminating all privilege based on birth. More striking than any particular guarantee, however, was the universality of the claims made. References to