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Q Rate of reactions can be followed by measuring changes in A concentration, mass, pH etc Q The rate of a Q A homogeneous chemical reaction catalyst is can be increased by decreasing the … A In the same state as the reactants A particle size Q Enzymes are Q An endothermic reaction A Biological catalysts A Absorbs heat from the surroundings Q The relationship used to calculate enthalpy change is A H - cmT Q What type of bonding is ‘positive ions in a sea of delacalised electrons’? A metallic Q High melting solid with only covalent bonds has this type of structure A covalent network Q Half life is Q What effect Q Give an example does loss of a beta of natural radiation particle have on the atomic number? A cosmic A Increases the atomic number by one A The time taken for half of a radioactive isotope to decay Q What is the least Q What technique penetrating type of is used to date radioactivity? animal and plant remains? A alpha A carbon dating Q Conducts electricity when molten or in solution A Ionic Q What is fission? A splitting of a large nucleus into smaller nuclei Q What is fusion? Q What is the charge on a proton? A Joining of two small nuclei into one larger nucleus Q What effect does emission of an alpha particle have on the mass number? A Decreases mass number by 4 Q What is the charge on an electron? A 1- Q What is the charge on a neutron? A no charge Q What is the mass of a proton? A 1+ A1 Q What is the mass Q is the mass of a of an electron? neutron? A almost zero A1 Q How is average rate calculated? A change in mass/volume etc divided by change in time Q What effect does temperature have on reaction rate? A higher temperature, higher rate Q What effect does particle size have on reaction rate? A smaller particles, higher rate Q What effect does concentration have on reaction rate? A higher concentration, higher rate Q Apart from temperature, concentration & particle size, how can a reaction rate be increased? A catalyst Q What name is given to group 1 elements? A alkali metals Q What name is given to group 7 elements? A halogens Q What name if given to group 0 (group 8) elements? A noble gases Q What do we call a particle if it doesn’t have the same numbers of protons & electrons? A an ion Q If an ion has more protons than electrons, what charge does it have? A positive Q If an ion has more electrons than protons, what charge does it have? A negative Q What type of charge do metal ions have? A positive Q What type of charge do non-metal ions have? A negative Q What is a covalent bond? A a shared pair of electrons Q What charge would a potassium ion have (clue: you need your data book)? A one positive Q What charge would a chloride ion have (clue: you need your data book)? A one negative Q What charge would an aluminium ion have (clue: you need your data book)? A three positive Q What is the formula for carbon monoxide? A CO Q What is the formula for sulphur dioxide? A SO2 Q A solution with [H+] > [OH-] is an A acid Q A solution with [H+] < [OH-] is an A alkali Q A solution with [H+] = [OH-] is A neutral [ ] means concentration of [ ] means concentration of [ ] means concentration of Q What is a homologous series A compounds with same general formula and similar chemical properties Q A saturated hydrocarbon has A only single bonds Q An unsaturated hydrocarbon has A a double (or triple) bond Q Saturated hydrocarbons include A alkanes and cycloalkanes Q Unsaturated hydrocarbons include A alkenes Q What effect do saturated hydrocarbons have on bromine water? A do not decolourise immediately Q What effect do unsaturated hydrocarbons have on bromine water? A decolourise immediately Q What type of reaction do alkenes undergo with bromine? A addition Q Name the alkane with 6 carbon atoms A hexane Q Name the alkene Q Name the with 4 carbon atoms cycloalkane with 5 A butane carbon atoms A cyclopentane Q What functional group is present in alcohols A –OH Q Give a use for esters A solvents and perfumes Q What are esters made from? A an alcohol and a carboxylic acid Q What is the functional group in a carboxylic acid A –COOH Q Another name for Q A reaction that burning gives out heat or A combustion energy A exothermic Q Name the two types of polymerisation A addition and condensation Q In which type of polymerisation is water produced when the monomers join together A condensation Q What structure is present in the monomers which form an addition polymer A carbon to carbon double bond Q Give two examples of natural polymers A starch and protein Q Name the industrial process used to manufacture ammonia A Haber Q Name the catalyst used in the industrial manufacture of ammonia A iron Q Name the starting material used in the manufacture of nitric acid A ammonia Q What acid would be used to make ammonium nitrate? A nitric Q What are the three essential elements for plant growth A potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus Q What type of reaction occurs when two solutions mix to form a solid A precipitation Q What is oxidation? A loss of electrons Q What is reduction? A gain of electrons Q What name is given to a reaction in which oxidation and reduction occurs? A redox Q 23 Na 11 How many neutrons? A 12 Q Do discrete covalent molecular substances have high or low melting points? A low Q Do covalent networks have high or low melting points? A high Q Why are metals able to conduct electricity? A outer electrons are delocalised – free to move Q Ionic substances conduct only when molten or in solution because … A ions are free to move Q Metal oxides dissolve in water to form… A metal hydroxide (alkalis) Q Non-metal oxides Q When an acid is dissolve in water to diluted its pH .. form… A increases acids Q When an alkali is diluted its pH .. A decreases Q When a neutral substance is diluted its pH .. A remains at 7 Q The metals that are most difficult to extract are near the top or bottom of the ECS A top Q The metals that are easiest to extract are near the top or bottom of the ECS A bottom Q To extract potassium from its ore requires .... A electricity Q To extract gold from its ore requires …… A only heat Q The half-life of a radioisotope is 24 days. After 48 days what % remains? A 25% Q What effect does lose of an alpha particle have on the atomic number? A reduces by 2 Q What effect does lose of a beta particle have on the atomic number? A no effect Q What effect does increasing the temperature have on the half-life of a radioisotope? A no effect Q What technique could be used to find the metal present in a compound? A flame test Q As well as containing N, K or P, what property is important in a fertiliser? A soluble in water Q In what direction would electrons flow in a cell containing magnesium and copper? A Mg to Cu Q What is formed when a hydrocarbon burns? A carbon dioxide and water Q What is the test for carbon dioxide ? A turns lime water milky Q What are isomers? A they have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae Q What are isotopes? A atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers Q What salt would form in the reaction of sodium hydroxide & hydrochloric acid? A sodium chloride Q What would be used to make potassium sulphate? A potassium hydroxide & sulphuric acid