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Name: __________________________ Hour: ______ Date: ______________ Cell Processes, Reproduction & Heredity Study Guide Directions: Fill in the blank with the best answer: 1) An organism that makes its own food is an ____autotroph______________________. (2-1) 2) During _________respiration______________, most energy is released in the mitochondria. (2-2) 3) An energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is _______fermentation_________. (2-2) 4) Uncontrolled cell division is a characteristic of ________cancer__________________. (2-4) 5) In ______codominance__________________, neither of the alleles is dominant or recessive. (3-2) 6) An organism’s physical appearance is its _______phenotype___________________.(3-2) 7) The scientific study of heredity is called______genetics____________________. (repro. pkt) 8) If the body cells of an organism have 34 chromosomes, then the sex cells would have been ___________17_______________ chromosomes. (repro. pkt) Directions: Answer the following questions using the Punnett Squares provided. (3-2) Square A B b B b Bb Bb Bb bb B = black fur b = white fur b b Square B _B__ b ___ bb Bb 9) In the cross between two black guinea pigs shown in Punnett Square A, what is the probability that an offspring will be black? __75__% White? __25___% 10) Is it possible that the cross between two black Bb bb guinea pigs in Punnett Square A would not produce a white guinea pig? __Yes______ Explain._If one black guinea pig was homozygous for black. ___ 11) What color are __ the guinea pig parents in the cross shown in Punnett Square B? _White & Black_______ 12) Which guinea pig parent(s) in Punnett Square B is homozygous? _____bb__WHit______ 13) Which is heterozygous? ___Bb___Black____________ 14) Calculate the probability that an offspring will be black in the cross in Punnett Square B. What is the probability that an offspring will be white? _____50%_______________________ Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences. 15) How can cancer spread from a tumor to other parts of the body? (2-4) Cells from the tumor break off and enter the blood stream, spreading the cancer to other areas of the body _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Name: __________________________ Hour: ______ Date: ______________ 16) What is asexual reproduction? (rep. pkt) Reproduction that occurs without sex cells – only 1 parent _ ______________________________________________________________________________ 17) Name the 3 types of asexual reproduction & give an example of an organism that completes each. (rep. pkt) a. _____Binary Fission____________________ example organism: Amoeba _________ b. ______Spores___________________ example organism: Mushrooms ___________ c. _______Budding__________________ example organism: Hydra or Coral ________ 18) During which type of reproduction (sexual or asexual) would the off-spring look more like the parent organism? (rep. pkt)_______asexual__________________________ Explain why. _________ The offspring only gets genetic information from one parent causing it to have the same genetic information as its parent. __________________________________________________________ 19) Complete the chart below. (2-1 & 2-2) Sugar, CO2 Sugar, Co2 O2, H2O, Energy NO 20) In pea plants, the allele for yellow pods (Y) is dominant over the allele for green pods (y). Construct a Punnett square that shows a cross between an YY plant and an Yy plant. Predict what percent of the offspring are likely to have yellow pods. (3-2) Y Y y Y YY YY Yy Yy 100% Chance Offspring will be Yellow