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ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTE __________________________________________________________________ Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome & Environnement LMGE, UMR CNRS 6023 CONFERENCE The wonder world of viruses of the Archaea David PRANGISHVILI Département de Microbiologie Institut Pasteur, Paris Vendredi 28 Septembre 2012 14:30 h Amphi Enseignement Biologie Végétale, à côté du Bâtiment du LMGE (Biologie A, N° 4 sur le plan http://www.univ-bpclermont.fr/IMG/pdf/ubp-plan-cezeaux.pdf) Complexe Scientifique des Cézeaux - 63177 AUBIERE Cedex - FRANCE Tél 33 (0) 4 73 40 78 36 Fax 33 (0) 4 73 40 76 70 [email protected] ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTE RESUME The wonder world of viruses of the Archaea David Prangishvili Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Our conceptions on the nature and role of viruses in the biosphere, its origin and evolution are being reshaped in recent years by several independent lines of research. One of these lines concerns studies of viruses of the Archaea, a domain of life the discovery of which has led to the replacement of the prokaryote/eukaryote dichotomy by a trinity of domains, the Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. From extreme geothermal environments (temperatures above 80 °C) in Europe, Asia and North America, we have isolated and characterized 23 different viruses of the Archaea. The viruses have double-stranded and single-stranded DNA genomes and exceptionally diverse morphotypes, including spindle-shaped, two-tailed, bottle-shaped, ovoid, coil-shaped forms, which differ dramatically from those of DNA viruses of Bacteria and Eukarya. Moreover, genomes of hyperthermophilic archaeoviruses proved to be terra incognita with considerable majority of their genes without homologs in other viruses or cellular life forms and only a few genes with predictable functions but uncertain provenance. The unique morphological and genomic properties suggests that hyperthermophilic archaeoviruses— now classified in nine new viral families—form a singular group in the viral world, not related to any other viruses. In my talk I will summarize the state of art of our studies on archaeal viruses, their morphological, genomic, and biological properties, their interactions with hosts and plasmids, and lay emphasis on the impact of these studies on our understanding of the world of viruses and their role in the evolution of life. Contact : Télesphore SIME-NGANDO Complexe Scientifique des Cézeaux - 63177 AUBIERE Cedex - FRANCE Tél 33 (0) 4 73 40 78 36 Fax 33 (0) 4 73 40 76 70 [email protected]
