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ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS REQUIRED BY SPECIAL NEEDS
LEARNER IN VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION CENTRE FOR
ESTABLISHING BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
By
Olabiyi, O. Stephen (Ph.D.),
Department of science and Technology Education, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
AND
Oyenuga, A.O. (Ph.D.)
Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Tai Solarin University of Education,
Ijagun. Ogun State, Nigeria.
AND
Lamidi, A.A (Ph.D)
School of Vocational and Technical Education, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of
Education, Otto/Ijanikin, Lagos, Nigeria.
1
ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS REQUIRED BY SPECIAL NEEDS
LEARNER IN VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION CENTRE FOR
ESTABLISHING BUSINESS ENTERPRISES.
Abstract
The major purpose of the study was to identify the entrepreneurial skills required by special
needs learner in vocational rehabilitation centre for establishing small and medium scale
enterprises. The study employed a survey research design. The population of the study
consisted of 85 respondents made up of 27 managers of micro finance banks and 58
managers (entrepreneurs) of small and medium scale enterprises. Three research questions
were formulated. Mean, standard deviation was employed to answer the research questions.
A questionnaire containing 50 items was designed and used for data collection. The reliability
coefficient for the study was 0.96 using Cronbach alpha reliability tests. The research found
out that (enterprise) organization success depend on how well its management is able to plan
and ensure constructive coordination management at all levels into an effective instrument for
achieving cooperate objectives, Exhibit an attitude that supports and welcome changes in
business structure; Read and comprehend a wide range of publications; Prudently utilizing
the available financial and material resources for managing an enterprises and Carryout
effective marketing and research.
Keys words: Special needs learner, Entrepreneurial skills, Rehabilitation centre,
Rehabilitees, Vocational rehabilitation, Vocational skills, Managerial skill, Marketing
skill, Workforce development, and Small and medium scale enterprises.
Introduction
The Rehabilitation centre for special needs learner is a federal established centre that
has a special mandate to positively transform and empower the lives of people living with
disabilities who are often described as physically challenged, handicapped, or disabled.
Rehabilitation centre were purposely designed to tackle the emerging problem of street
begging and destitution. The Rehabilitation centre caters for the vocational needs of its clients
(special needs learners). Special needs learners are rehabilitated and made to live independent
and productive lives through the acquisition of various vocational skills. (Kolajo, 2006),
Onwuchekwa (1984) explained that vocational rehabilitation involves physical restoration,
emotional rehabilitation and economic resettlement. Vocational rehabilitation describes
finding employment for rehabilitees, supporting their families and providing tools for them.
Vocational rehabilitation therefore refers to all concerted efforts at equipping special needs
learner with needful skills of functioning productively on a vocation of choice.
Special needs learners are viewed by Sokale (1999) as those having significant
difficulty in coping with children of the same age; they could be referred to as the hearing
impaired, blindness, and limb deformity, emotionally disabled. Special needs learners are
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defined by National Policy on Education (2004) as children and adults who have learning
difficulties because of different kinds of handicaps ranging from blindness, partialsightedness, deafness, hardness-of-hearing, mental retardation, social maladjustments, limbs
deformity or malformation due to circumstance of birth, inheritance, social position, mental
and physical health patterns or accidents in later life, which as a result of these, such children
and adults are unable to cope with the regular school class organisation and method. Special
needs learners are categorised as sets of people who may not benefit fully from the regular or
familiar education obtainable in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. They are people
(learners) who are judge disabled, impaired, or handicapped to a certain extent and as such
they cannot benefit maximally in the regular educational setting. Their exceptionality might
have resulted from misfortune experienced before or after birth.
The rehabilitation centre according to Federal Ministry of Sport and Social
Development (2000) is particularly aimed at developing the capacities of special needs learner
to meet the challenges of disability and contemporary living and to ensure the attainment of
satisfactory overall quality of life, which would allow them to make their maximum
contributions towards the development of the nation. The specific objectives of the centre are
to:
i.
Ensure effective management of crisis situation of special needs learners;
ii.
Ensure provision of relief materials to trainees in the institution;
iii.
Ensure an appropriate training for special needs learners to reduce dependency;
iv.
Ensure diligent follow-up to facilitate subsequent rehabilitation of the handicapped in
form of placement and after care visits;
v.
Make available to special needs learner adequate physical, social and mental health
care facilitates;
vi.
Promote the provision of adequate and accessible recreation, and sporting facilities for
the trainees; (Federal Ministry of Sport and Social Development, 2000)
Special needs learners that complete vocational rehabilitation programmes shall have
the opportunities to secure employment at the end of the whole course or set up their own
business and become self employed and be able to employ others (FGN,2004). The
responsibilities of vocational rehabilitation centres do not begin and end with instruction in
series of skills. Preparation of rehabilitees for successful and productive participation in the
world of work is increasingly being recognised as a major responsibility of rehabilitation
centre. Rehabilitees need to be assisted and prepared satisfactorily for initial and continued
employment. As such vocational rehabilitation programme should include all of those aspects
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that will help the rehabilitees discover his/her talents, to relate these talents to work situations
and to be skilfully trained in the chosen trade. (Okorie, 2000). In addition rehabilitees should
assist to organise and control the affairs of small and medium scale enterprises and posses
skill. It is not enough to train rehabilitees for jobs, it is equally important that these
rehabilitees be empowered to establish and manage the job for which they have been trained.
According to Okorie (2000) an important issue of workforce development in Nigeria
is to ensure that human resources are developed to such an extent that the achievement of
desired rate of technological changes will not be impeded through lack of personnel with
suitable entrepreneurial skill. Thus establishment business enterprises in Nigeria have
implications for workforce development in vocational rehabilitation centre. One of the
implications is the rising demand for skill artisan, craftsman and master craftsman required to
establish and manage an enterprise.
Entrepreneurial training according to Akintola (2001) is a programme or part of
programmes that prepares individuals (special needs learners) to undertake the formation and
or operation of small business enterprise which also include franchise operation for the
purpose of performing all business functions relating to a product or service with emphasis
given to the social responsibilities, legal requirements and risks for the sake of profit involved
in the conduct of a private enterprise. Entrepreneurship training according to Ayeduso (2004)
is a specialised training given to the trainees of vocational rehabilitation centre to acquire
skills, ideas and managerial abilities and capabilities for self employment than being
employed for pay. According to Uwhmeiye and Clark (2000) entrepreneurship is the
willingness and ability of an individual to make an investment, opportunities, establishes and
run an enterprise successfully.
The management structure and independence business enterprises put the entrepreneur
in the most critical position in running of the enterprises. Thus the success and failure of the
business depend largely on the entrepreneur competence. According to Nzelobe (1996) the
technical requirement of getting out a product or rendering a service should be understood in
considerable details by entrepreneurs before embarking on business enterprise. Lankard
(2003) stressed that entrepreneurial skills must be nurtured through proper education so that it
can be directed to responsible and enriching small business endeavour that will benefit the
individual and the communities in which entrepreneurs live. Small and medium enterprises
(SMEs) is an enterprise with a minimum asset base between N1,000,000 and N 200 million,
excluding land and working capital, with the number of staff employed by the enterprise not
less than 5 and not more than 300. One of the common features of SMEs is that they are either
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sole proprietorship or partnership and have centralised management structure (Udechuckwu,
2003). In most cases, the operational and administrative management of (SMEs) are in the
hands of one or two person usually the owner(s)/ manager(s) who are also responsible for
making the major decision of the enterprise. Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) helps to
improve the production of goods and services required for nation’s economic, industrial and
technological development. Furthermore, the revival of interest in SMEs in developing and
developed countries is due to the potential of the sector in poverty alleviation, employment
generation, rapid industrialisation and mitigation rural and urban drift. In order to make the
SMEs sector more vibrant, successive Nigeria government has employed various monetary,
fiscal and industrial policy measures to promote and develop SMEs in Nigeria. These include
the provision of local finance, through its agencies such as the Central Bank, of Nigeria
(CBN), and other commercial banks. In addition, government has also facilitated and
guaranteed external finance for SMEs through the World Bank. Presently, the Government
through the Central Bank, of Nigeria initiated the Small and Medium Industrial Equity
Investment scheme (SMIEIS). The scheme required all banks in Nigeria to set aside 10% of
their profit before tax annually for equity investment in SMEs.
In spite of the government efforts, the level of industrial development expected to be
generated through the development of SMEs compared to the need of the country has never
been achieved. Salami (2003) observed that there has been high mortality rate of SMEs in the
country due to lack of entrepreneurial skill by the Small and Medium scale entrepreneurs.
According to Salami inadequate entrepreneurial skills has resulted into reluctance of banks to
extend credit to SMEs entrepreneur. In the same vein, most rehabilitees from vocational
rehabilitation centre expected to acquire skills for self-reliance and join the pool of
entrepreneurs for industrial development of this country do not have entrepreneurial skills.
According to Ogwo, (2004) entrepreneurial skills deficiency has been implicated for the
failure of some rehabilitees who ventured into self-employment. Although, United Nations
Education, Social and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) (1994) explained that the potential of
small and medium scale enterprises and the self-employment has necessitated the introduction
of entrepreneurial development in the technical and vocational education curriculum in most
countries. The obvious implication of this is that entrepreneurs and intending entrepreneurs
should possess adequate entrepreneurial competences for successful management of their
business. However, lack of entrepreneurial skills has been implicated for good number of
rehabilitees to involve in street begging and destitution instead of practicing the trained trade.
It becomes necessary therefore, to identify entrepreneurial skills required by special needs
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learners in vocational rehabilitation centre for establishing small and medium enterprise in
Lagos and Ogun states.
The major purpose of this study is to identify entrepreneurial skills required by special
needs learner in vocational rehabilitation centre for establishing small and medium enterprise
in Lagos and Ogun states. Specifically, the study sought to identify the:
1. Managerial skills required by special needs learner for establishing small and medium
scale enterprises.
2. Financial skills required by special needs learner for establishing small and medium
scale enterprises.
3. Marketing skills required by special needs learner for establishing small and
medium scale enterprises.
The following are the research questions formulated for this study:
1. What are the managerial skills required by special needs learner for establishing small
and medium scale enterprises?
2. What are the financial skills required by special needs learner for establishing small
and medium scale enterprises?
3. What are the marketing skills required by special needs learner for establishing small
and medium scale enterprises?
Methods
The study employed a survey research design. Structured questionnaire were used as
instrument to collect data from respondents. The population of interest for the study consisted
of 85 respondents’ made up of two groups namely: 58 managers (entrepreneurs) of small
scale enterprises and 27 managers of micro finance banks in Lagos and Ogun states. Mean
and standard deviation were employed to answer the research objectives. Any item with the
mean value of 3.50 and above was considered as important. The questionnaire was structured
in line with research questions containing 52 items for the purpose of collecting data for the
study. The instrument was evaluated for content and face validity by three experts. The
experts included a lecturer from rehabilitation department, Federal college of education
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(special) Oyo, a director from ministry of sports and social development, Ibadan and a
manager from commercial bank in Lagos.
Results
Research Question 1
What are the managerial skills required by special needs learners’ centres establishing small
and medium scale enterprises in Lagos and Ogun States?
Table 1
Mean and Standard Deviation of Respondents’ Responses on the Managerial Skills Required
by Rehabilitees in Vocational Rehabilitation Centre for Establishing Small and Medium Scale
Enterprises
N=85
Item No The following are Managerial Skills Required By Rehabilitees in Mean
Vocational Rehabilitation Centre for SMEs Enterprise
X
Stan. Dev
S
Decision
1
Possess depth of knowledge and skills in chosen trades (i.e. be a
competent person)
4.99
1.15
Important
2
Develop, interpret, and implement policies for the accomplishment
of organisation goals
4.13
0.91
Important
3
Create a long term vision for the organisation and environment where all
members take ownership of the vision
4.45
0.60
Important
4
Create environment where leader is approachable and open to new
ideas
Communicate effectively the organisations vision to others
members of staff
4.51
0.87
Important
4.39
0.56
Important
Effectively use computer software for data bases and word
processing
Create an environment in which team members are willing to share
ideas
Raise funds from internal and external generating revenue for new
business
Work with family to determine organization goals
Think creatively, critically, abstractly as well as linearly in decision
making
Foster relationship among members of the organization
Demonstrate respect for others within the organization and
customers
Create an environment that support organisational change
4.27
0.79
Important
4.25
1.09
Important
4.34
0.68
Important
2.00
4.34
0.82
0.79
Not important
Important
4.44
4.38
0.49
0.77
Important
Important
4.23
0.63
Important
Think creatively, critically, abstractly as well as linearly in decision
making
Evaluate the impact of personnel in the organisation
Create an environment that values the divers opinion of other staff
Surround themselves with people of complimentary strength
4.50
0.50
Important
4.34
4.39
4.38
4.32
4.55
0.82
0.87
0.86
0.62
0.49
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
4.47
0.50
Important
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Demonstrate empathy for social problems
Implement and adjust organisational budgets to accomplish
organisation programs
Effectively integrate computer program application (i.e. merge
files).
7
21
22
23
Develop, interpret and explained budgets for all levels within the
organisation
Set goals for the organisation
Effectively use and search the internet.
4.38
0.72
Important
4.27
4.48
0.64
0.57
Important
Important
Result as can be seen in the data presented in Table 1 above, revealed that the mean
responses of managers (entrepreneurs) and managers in micro finance banks listed on
managerial skills required for establishing small and medium scale enterprises by rehabilitees
in vocational rehabilitation centre were rated as important: possess depth knowledge and
skills in chosen trades, develop interest, and implement policies for achievement of
organisational goals; Create a long term vision for the organisation and environment where all
members take ownership of the vision; Effectively use computer software for data bases and
word processing; Raise funds from internal and external generating revenue for new business;
Think creatively, critically, abstractly as well as linearly in decision making; Think creatively,
critically, abstractly as well as linearly in decision making.
Findings also indicate that think creatively, critically, abstractly as well as linearly in
decision making; Implement and adjust organisational budgets to accomplish organisation
programs; Create an environment that values the divers opinion of other staff; Develop,
interpret and explained budgets for all levels within the organisation. Those items had their
mean score ranges from 4.13 to 4.99. The managerial skills received a mean score greater or
equal to 3.50 and were therefore regarded as managerial skills required for establishing small
and medium scale enterprises. However, item 9 Work with family to determine organisation
goals had its mean less than 3.50. This indicated that majority of the respondents rated the
item as not important.
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Research Question 2
What are the financial skills required by special needs learner for Establishing small
and medium scale enterprises in Lagos and Ogun states?
Table 2
Mean and Standard Deviation Respondents’ Response on the Financial Skills
Required by Special Needs Learner for Establishing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises
N=85
Item No The following are Financial Skills Required By Special Needs Mean
Learner for Establishing SMEs Enterprise
Stan. Dev
X
S
Decision
1
Prepare a trading, profit and loss accounts
4.47
0.73
Important
2
3
4
5
Operate petty cash book
Prepare a ledger account
Utilise balance sheet for business financial transactions
prepare book journals for the business financial
transaction
Audit business account
keep accounting records
Operate the various accounting record e.g. double entry
book-keeping
Use accounting software for financial transaction
Make financing decision
Identify accounting books such as ledger account, cash
book e.t.c
Make business investment decision
Making decision on how the profit accruing from
investments are going to be utilised
Determine cost analysis and allocation of cost to item and
project.
4.32
4.29
4.63
4.51
0.60
0.53
0.55
0.57
Important
Important
Important
Important
2.32
4.41
4.60
0.46
0.62
0.56
Not Important
Important
Important
4.42
4.32
4.29
0.56
0.66
0.83
Important
Important
Important
4.35
4.41
0.72
0.68
Important
Important
4.47
0.64
Important
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
The data presented in Table 2 above, revealed that the mean responses of managers
(entrepreneurs) and managers in micro finance banks listed on financial skills required for
establishing small and medium scale enterprises by rehabilitees in vocational rehabilitation
centre were rated as important: Prepare a trading, profit and loss accounts, Utilise balance
sheet for business financial transactions, prepare book journals for the business financial
transaction, keep accounting records, Operate the various accounting record e.g. double entry
book-keeping, Use accounting software for financial transaction
Table 2 further reveals that; keeping accounting records, Operate the various
accounting record e.g. double entry book-keeping, Use accounting software for financial
transaction, Make financing decision, Identify accounting books such as ledger account, cash
book etc, Make business investment decision, Making decision on how the profit accruing
from investments are going to be utilised, Determine cost analysis and allocation of cost to
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item and project. These items had their mean score ranges from 4.13 to 4.99, greater than or
equal to 3.50, and were therefore regarded as financial skills required for establishing small
and medium scale enterprises. However, item 6 audit business accounts had its mean less than
3.50. This indicated that majority of the respondents rated the item as not important.
Research Question 3
What are the marketing skills required by special needs learner for establishing small and
medium scale enterprises?
Table 3
Mean and Standard Deviation of Respondents on the Marketing Skills Required by Special
Needs Learner for Establishing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises N=85
Item No The following are Marketing Skills Required By special Needs Mean
Learner for SMEs Enterprise
S
Decision
4.52
4.16
4.25
4.47
4.45
4.47
0.50
0.92
0.87
0.50
0.60
0.56
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
4.48
4.29
4.46
4.34
4.35
0.50
0.57
0.50
0.57
0.67
Important
Important
Important
Important
Important
4.30
2.69
0.53
0.46
Important
Not Important
X
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Capture and retain the attention of customers
Promote and sell organization product
Analyse demand and supply situation
Carryout effective marketing and research
Acquire effective sales habit
Demonstrate knowledge of forecasting and analysis of
sales
Utilize view and data of marketing research
Segment the market
Exhibit knowledge of marketing strategies
Define information needs
Conduct market survey for determining customers
needs
Make decision on marketing mix
Conduct house to house advertisement
Stan. Dev
The data in Table 3 shows that items (1-12) had their means above 3.50. This implies
that majority of the respondents used for the study rated the items important as those
marketing skills required by rehabilitees in vocational rehabilitation centre for establishing
small and medium scale enterprises in Lagos and Oyo states ;Capture and retain the attention
of customers, Promote and sell organisation product, Analyse demand and supply situation,
Carryout effective marketing and research, Acquire effective sales habit, Demonstrate
knowledge of forecasting and analysis of sales, Utilise view and data of marketing research,
Segment the market, Exhibit knowledge of marketing strategies, Define information needs,
10
Conduct market survey for determining customers needs, Make decision on marketing mix.
However, Item 13 on the other hand (Conduct house to house advertisement) had its mean
below 3. 50. This means that majority of this respondents rated this item as not important.
Discussion of Findings
The findings of the study are discussed along the research question that guided the
study. The data provided in table 1 provided answers to research question one. Based on the
findings of the study, the majority of respondents are generally in agreement over the
entrepreneurial skills that are required for managing small and medium scale enterprises.
Those managerial skill considered as important includes; Possess depth of knowledge and
skills in chosen trades (i.e. be a competent person); Develop, interpret, and implement
policies for the accomplishment of organisation goals; Create a long term vision for the
organisation and environment where all members take ownership of the vision; Communicate
effectively the organisation vision to others members of staff ; Think creatively, critically,
abstractly as well as linearly in decision making; Create an environment that values the divers
opinion of other staff; Implement and adjust organisational budgets to accomplish
organisation programs; Develop, interpret and explained budgets for all levels within the
organisation. The respondents identified the important of these managerial skills. Thus,
the
finding were in agreement with Aluko et al (1998) and Osuala (2001) who emphasised that an
organisation success depend on how well its management is able to plan and ensure
constructive coordination management at all levels into an effective instrument for achieving
cooperate objectives. Osuala (2004) added that the prospective small business manager should
have adequate technical ability-a working knowledge of the physical operation of the
business, sufficient conceptual ability, the power to visualize, co-ordinate and integrate the
various operations of the business into a synergistic whole and an ample interpersonal ability
– the skill to manage the people in the organization and to motivate them to higher level of
performance. He went further to explain that adequate experience and special attitude are very
important in the fields of business for survival of business.
The data presented in Table 2 provided answer to research question two on financial
skills required to establish small and medium enterprise in Lagos and Oyo states. Findings
revealed that rehabilitees in vocational rehabilitation centre intending to establish small and
medium enterprise should be able to prepare a trading profit and loss accounts and ledger;
operate petty cash book and double entry book keeping and keep accounting records. These
11
findings are in line with Needle (1997), who opined that accounting record and information is
particularly useful to management in the planning, organising and controlling of organisation
resources. Osuala (2004) supporting the view, suggested the following as the basic financial
records to be kept by an entrepreneur: Journals, Ledger, Balance Sheet, Sales document and
other business records.
Management of finance is the vehicle through which success and survival of enterprise
is determined. Entrepreneur must understand, the complexity surrounding the source, security
and multiplication of fund invested. The findings of this study also revealed that special needs
learner intending entrepreneurs should be able to use computer software for financial
transaction. This finding stemmed form the fact most organisation use computers for their
financial transaction.
The data presented in Table 3 provided answer to research question three on
marketing skills required by rehabilitees in vocational rehabilitation centre for establishing
small and medium scale enterprise in Lagos and Ogun states. Findings revealed that special
needs learner entrepreneurs should be able to capture and retain the attention of customers;
promote and sell organisation product; analyze demand and supply situation; carryout
effective marketing and research; acquire effective sales habit; demonstrate knowledge of
forecasting and analysis of sales; utilise view and data of marketing research; segment the
market; exhibit knowledge of marketing strategies; define information needs; and conduct
market survey for determining customers needs. Customer and organizational satisfaction
goals are two issues in the marketing concept that cannot be treated in isolation. The activities
of the firm, the customer have total freedom of choice and cannot be forced to buy a product
whose price is excessive. The firm has a choice. It is not obliged to produce goods that cost
than consumers can pay. According to Kotler, Philip and Armstrong (1992) it is only by
satisfying consumers that long run profit can be achieved and customers are satisfied when
they receive adequate value for their money and see the profit of the firm as a fair return on
investment and not the result of exploitation.
In addition, marketing concept holds that achieving organisation goals depends on the
needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction, effectively and
efficiently than competitors (Kotler, 2003). Therefore any special needs craftsperson
intending to establish small and medium scale enterprise should be able to conduct market
survey and utilise data for marketing research. Furthermore, the marketing mix is one of the
fundamental effective concepts associated with the marketing process. According to Needle
(1994) marketing mix generally refers to an overall marketing strategy which involves the
12
manipulation of four key elements. These are decisions concerning the nature of the product
and its design; decisions about price; decisions about sales promotion, advertising and
customer awareness; and decisions concerning distribution. These four factors are popularly
referred to as the 4 Ps; product, price, promotion and place. Two important aspects of this are
not made explicit. These are market research and buyer behaviour. Decisions about the
marketing mix cannot be made without researching the market in all its aspects and that
includes a thorough understanding of buyer behaviour. Therefore, SMEs operator needs to
understand the complexity of marketing mix variables.
Conclusions
This study set out to identify entrepreneurial skills required by special needs learners
in vocational rehabilitation centre for establishing small and medium scale enterprise in Lagos
and Ogun states. The study has identified managerial skills, financial skills, and marketing
skills required by the rehabilitees after graduation from the rehabilitation centre. These
findings represent the opinions of managers (entrepreneurs) and Managers in Micro finance
bank who are considered to be experienced in business management. It is hoped therefore,
that if all these skills are taken into consideration the training of special needs craftsperson in
the vocational rehabilitation centre, the rehabilitees will graduate from vocational
rehabilitation centre with entrepreneurial skills required for establishing Small and Medium
Scale Enterprises. Consequently, Banks mangers will have confidence in releasing Loan to
the rehabilitees on graduation from the rehabilitation centre. Hence, the rehabilitees will be
able to establish their own workshop, make their maximum contributions towards the
development of the nation and become employers of labour instead of hoping solely on paid
employment which not forthcoming which can lead to street begging and destitution.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:
Vocational rehabilitation centre should include the entrepreneurial skills identified by this
study in the curriculum of rehabilitation centre.Government should provide internet facilities
and computer laboratory in the centre. Ministry of education in conjunction with ministry of
sports and social development should always conduct instructional supervision aimed at
improving the teaching of entrepreneurial skills in the vocational rehabilitation centre.
13
Constant seminars, workshops and conferences should be organised for rehabilitees and
teachers on the need for entrepreneurial skills for the world of work.
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Uwameiye, R. and Clark, D. (2000). A Time Capsole of Training and learning for SelfEmployment. Retrieved on June 10, 2004 from http://www.nwlinkcom/donclark/hrd/history.html
In the business world, effective interpersonal/communication enables people to realize the
goals of the organization. It enables people in this complex modern world to work together,
exchange products and services share and achieve goals profitably. The profit motive in the
business world is strong. Profit is earned through understanding and understanding requires
communication. Since it is necessary for TVET students to acquire the entrepreneurship skills
along with the technical skills, it is therefore, imperative to seek ways of developing
entrepreneurship skills among youths in globalised world.
In the business world, effective interpersonal/communication enables people to realize the
goals of the organization. It enables people in this complex modern world to work together,
exchange products and services share and achieve goals profitably. The profit motive in the
business world is strong. Profit is earned through understanding and understanding requires
communication. Since it is necessary for TVET students to acquire the entrepreneurship skills
along with the technical skills, it is therefore, imperative to seek ways of developing
entrepreneurship skills among youths in globalised world.
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