Download Biology Final Review

Biology Final Review
Directions: Complete the following conversions
1. 5.65 cm = ______________ m
2. 28.5 mL = ______________cL
3. 16.3 m = _______________mm
4. 9.29 L = _______________mL
5. 326 kg = _________________g
6. A single factor tested in an experiment is called ___________.
7. A possible explanation for an event that takes place in nature is called
a _____________.
8. Describing a compound using actual measurements is called a
_______________ observation.
9. Describing a compound without using measurement is called a
__________ observation.
10. Write the steps of the scientific method:
11. Scientists who study the possible effects of pesticides of organisms in a
nearby river are studying problems at the __________ level.
12. One cell from each of two different individuals unites to produce the
first cell of a new organism by _____________ reproduction.
13. Chemical reactions in an organism that build, or synthesize, complex
molecules from less complex molecules are called _____________.
14. The sum of all chemical activities in an organism is called
______________.
Short Answer: (1 point each)
List the 5 Characteristics of Living Things:
15.
16
17.
18.
19.
Matching (1 point each)
Directions: Match each level of scientific study with the correct example.
_____
_____
_____
_____
acids
_____
20.
21.
22.
23.
Cellular
Molecular
Global
Multicellular
24. Population
Complete
Symbol
Atomic
Number
a.
b.
c.
d.
study effects of trapping on foxes
study effects of air pollution
study how radiation effects cells
study of the formation of proteins from amino
e. study why bears hibernate
Mass
Number
26
56
74
187
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Al
Zr2+
72
38
47. A substance that is dissolved in a mixture is called a ______________.
48. An organic compound that contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in
a 1:2:1 ratio is called ________________.
49. A complex polymer of amino acids that builds and repairs cells is
called a _______________.
50. A reaction in which small molecules join to form large molecules,
white removing water is called _________________.
51. A ____________ is a reactant that binds to an enzyme.
52. List the four main organic compounds found in living things:
1.
2.
3.
4.
53. The process in which high energy electrons are transferred along a series
of electron carrier molecules in a membrane is called _________.
54. Where do light reactions occur?
55. Kreb’s Cycle produces __________ molecules of ATP.
56. The net total ATP produced during glycolysis is _______________.
57. Write the equation for photosynthesis.
58. Write the equation for cellular respiration.
59. Write the equation for Lactic Acid Fermentation.
60. Write the equation for Alcoholic Fermentation.
61. The process of changing one strain of bacteria into another is called
__________.
62. What type of organic molecule is DNA?
63. A nucleotide of DNA would contain what pieces?
64. If the code for an amino acid is ATG on the DNA molecule, this code
on the tRNA molecule would be written as __________.
65. The decoding of mRNA message into a protein is known as
_____________.
66. Each combination of three mucleotides on the messenger RNA is a
_______________.
67. The manner in which cells store the program they pass from one
generation to the next is called the ________________.
68. The process by which genetic material is absorbed from the
environment and is added to or replaces part of a bacterium’s DNA is
called______________________.
69. The three components that make up a nucleotide are:
1.
2.
3.
70. DNA stands for _______________ ______.
71. Watson and Crick discovered that the shape of DNA is
_____________________.
72. Frederick Griffith was the first to discover that the transformation
factor is _______.
73. A virus which only infects a bacterium is called a
____________________.
74. DNA contains 4 nitrogenous bases:
1.
2.
3.
4.
75. Which two belong to a group of compounds called
purines?_______________ and ____________.
76. Which two belong to a group of compounds called
pyrimidines?_____________ and _____________.
77. Complete the following DNA sequence by pairing bases.
A–
GCTAATCG78. To make a copy of DNA is called ____________________________.
79. The following are all requirements of photosynthesis except
A. Sunlight
B. Pigments
C. Oxygen
D. Energy-storing Compounds
_____80. The process in which high energy electrons are transferred along a
series of electron carrier molecules in a membrane is called
A. Electron Transport
B. Light Absorption
C. Oxygen Production
D. ATP Formation
_____81. The process in which the energy stored in NADPH and ATP is used
to produce glucose is called
A. Photophosphorylation
B. Dark Reaction
C. Light Reaction
D. Oxygen Production
_____82. Which of the following is not a product of light reactions?
A. water
B. oxygen
C. ATP
D. NADPH
_____83. Which of the following is a produced by dark reactions?
A. ATP
B. NADPH
C. FADPH
D. Glucose
_____84. Where do light reactions occur?
A. Photosynthetic Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Nucleus
______ 85. The Kreb’s Cycle produces ________ molecules of ATP.
A. 2
B. 18
C. 36
D. 12
_____86. The net total ATP produced during glycolysis is
A. 32
B. 36
C. 4
D. 2
______87. Which of the following are not produced during alcoholic
fermentation?
A. alcohol
B. pyruvic acid
C. NAD +
D. Carbon Dioxide
____88. How many molecules of ATP are produced through the Electron
Transport Chain?
A. 4
B. 32
C. 36
D. 2
89. Evolution is the __________________.
A. Change of a species
B. Change of a population
C. Change over time
D. Adaptation of a species
2. Evolutions does not occur unless something upsets a population’s
A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Camouflage
D. Genetic equilibrium
3. A reason why two species of birds in the same area might not breed
with each other is that they
A. Have different mating behaviors
B. Occupy the same niche
C. Lack behavioral barriers
D. Are genetically isolated
4. Farmers change the gene pool of a population by
A. Artificial selection
B. Adaptive radiation
C. Natural selection
D. Convergent evolution
5. The success of an organism in passing on its genes is a definition of
A. Population
B. Gene pool
C. Niche
D. Fitness
6. Similar organisms that breed with each other and produce fertile
offspring in the natural environment make up a
A. Species
B. Gene pool
C. Niche
D. Population
7. New species usually form only when populations
A. Have similar genes
B. Have genetic drift
C. Are isolated
D. Are in adjoining niches
8. The evolution of one-hump and two-hump camels is probably the result
of
A. Convergent evolution
B. Divergent evolution
C. Genetic Drift
D. Adaptations
9. The evolution of Darwin’s finches is an example of
A. Equilibrium
B. Artificial selection
C. Adaptive Radiation
D. Convergent evolution
10. Homologous structures, vestigial structures and embryology are all
examples of __________ evidence for evolution.
A. Physiological
B. Functional
C. Anatomical
D. Cerebrospinal
Fill in the blank.
11. The research vessel that Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands on
was called ____________.
12. Darwin called the variety of plants and animals on earth the
_____________________.
13. The physical and behavioral traits that enable organisms to survive
are called _____________.
14. Structures that have a common origin but not necessarily a common
function are called _____________.
15. Structures that seem to have little or no obvious purpose in an
organism are called ______________.
16. Process in nature that overtime results in the survival of the fittest is
called _____________.
17. A population where allele frequencies do not change from population to
population is said to be at _________________.
18. A group of similar looking organisms that can breed with one another
and produce fertile offspring are called ____________.
19. A change in DNA that creates a great deal of variety from population
to population is called _____________.
20. ____________________ states that a population will remain in genetic
equilibrium if and only if certain criteria are met.
1. Taxonomists try to create taxa that group organisms according to
a. Cell size
b. Location
c. Biologically important traits
2. From its name, you know that the organism Malus sylvestris must be
a. In the genus sylvestris
b. In the species Malus
c. In the species sylvestris
3. In classification, all families of plants are grouped in the same
a. Phyla
b. Order
c. Genus
4. If you observe a multicellular organism whose cell walls lack cellulose,
it is a
a. Fungus
b. Plant
c. Animal
5. Multicellular algae are classified in the kingdom
a. Fungus
b. Protist
c. Plant
6. A heterotroph whose cell walls lack chlororphyll is a
a. Fungus
b. Plant
c. Moneran
7. If an organism makes its own food, it must be a(n)
a. Plant
b. Autotroph
c. Heterotroph
8. The organisms that led to the revision of Linnaeus’ original
classification system were the
a. Insects
b. Dinosaurs
c. Bacteria
9. The third smallest taxon in the Linnaen system of classification is the
a. Species
b. Order
c. Family
10. If an organisms is a protist, it must be a(n)
a. Prokaryote
b. Eukaryote
c. Heterotroph
11. A kingdom that contains prokaryotes is the
a. Fungi
b. Eubateria
c. Protista
12. The only taxon with a clear biological identity is the
a. Kindgom
b. Phylum
c. Species
13. The science of naming organisms and placing them in groups is called
a. Biology
b. Taxonomy
c. Ornithology
14. The two-name system for classifying organisms was developed by
a. Charles Darwin
b. Thomas Edison
c. Carolus Linnaeus
15. The largest taxon is a
a. Kingdom
b. Species
c. Family
16. Acer rubrum and Acer palmatum are maple trees. What is the genus
name for all maple trees?
a. Acer
b. rubrum
c. palmatum
Biology Final Review
Chapter 1
Metric Conversions
Scientific Method
Chapter 2
Characteristics of Living Things
Branches of Biology
Parts of the Microscope
Chapter 3
Physical properties vs. chemical properties
Phases of matter
Composition of matter
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
Atomic Structure
Element, Isotope, Compound, Ions
Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding
Chapter 4
Mixture, Solution, suspension
Acids vs Bases
pH scale
Inorganic Compounds
Organic Compounds (Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)
Enzymes, Catalyst, Substrate, Active Site
Chapter 5
Cell Theory
Cell Organelles and their functions
Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion
Levels of Organization
Chapter 6
Photosynthesis (products and reactants)
ATP
Light vs. Dark Reactions
Glycolysis
Respiration
Fermentation
Chapter 7
DNA vs. RNA
Nucleotides
Nitrogenous Bases of DNA vs. RNA
DNA replication, transcription, translation, protein synthesis
Codon vs. Anticodon
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Chapter 8
Steps of Mitosis
Cell Cycle
Cytokinesis
Chapter 9
Purebred vs. Hybrid
Punnett Squares
Dominance vs. Recessiveness
Gregor Mendel
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Steps of Meiosis
Diploid vs. Haploid
Chapter 10
Evolution
Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Homologous Structures
Adaptations
Chapter 15
Classification
Carolus Linnaeus
Binomial Nomenclature
Taxonomy
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order Family, Genus, Species
Six Kingdoms
Chapter 17
Virus, Bacteriophage
Lytic vs. Lysogenic Infection
Prokaryote, Bacteria
Shapes and names of Bacteria
How do bacteria reproduce?
Interferons, Antibiotics, Pathogen
Chapter 18
Protist, Eukaryote
Review Pg 390
Review Pg 400
Chapter 19
What is the principal role of fungi?
Review the chart of pg 415
Hyphae, Mycelium, Stolons, Rhizoids
Diseases caused by Fungi
Chapter 20
Plant Transport Systems
Dicots and Monocots
Major Phylum