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Objectives Chapter #13
Chapter 13 The Flower and Sexual Reproduction
OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
■ List the features that distinguish the angiosperms from other groups of plants. Make a
diagram of a typical flower. Name and state the function of each floral part. Explain the
changes that take place as the shoot apex is transformed into a floral apex.
■ Describe the complete sexual cycle that takes place in the flower. Outline the steps involved in
the formation of the pollen grain (male gametophyte) and the embryo sac (female
gametophyte). Define the term “double fertilization” and describe the products of each sperm
fusion.
■ Describe the variations in symmetry, ovary position, fusion, pigmentation, etc., that occur in
floral architecture. Show how these variations are related to differences in pollination
strategies. Explain why these variations are important to understanding the evolutionary
relationships among angiosperms.
■ Distinguish between pollination and fertilization; a simple flower and an inflorescence; a
complete flower and an incomplete flower; a perfect flower and an imperfect flower; adnate
and connate; and an ovule and a seed.
■ Define all boldface terms.
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