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Review sheet two: cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda and annelida (jellyfish anemones and coral, flatworms, roundworms, earthworms and leeches) 1. Vocabulary review (cnidaria): fill in the blank with the appropriate answer the similarity of form and arrangement around a point, line or flat plane __________ the non living layer that separates the inner and outer cell layers __________ an immature form which looks different from and adult __________ symmetry in which the body divides into two parts along only one plane __________ The inner layer of cells in a cnidarian __________ The outer layer of cells in a cnidarian __________ The free floating form of cnidarian The attached form of cnidarian __________ __________ The production of a new organism by a swelling on the side of the adult __________ asexual reproduction by breaking off pieces of the parent __________ The class of cnidarians to which the jellyfish belong __________ Cells in a hydra containing a stinging capsule attaches to a thread __________ The stinging capsule contained in the cell above __________ a cavity which functions in both digestion and circulation __________ The class of cnidarians to which hydra belong __________ The class of cnidarians to which the sea anemones and corals belong __________ Organs which produce female sex cells Symmetry exhibited by cnidarians 2. Define the following terms: zoology __________ __________ heterotrophic invertebrates blastula germ layers coelom peritoneum pseudocoelom cephalization sessile hermaphroditic nematocysts planula parasitic proglottids 3. For the animal groups below, indicate whether or not each system is present, using the words “no” and “yes” or “primitive”. It the answer is “yes” or “primitive”, briefly describe the system, using vocabulary you have learned Body system Cnidarians Free living Parasitic Parasitic Annelids flatworms flatworms roundworms Musculo skeletal circulatory Respiratory (O2 and CO2) digestive excretory nervous reproductive 4. Fill in the blank (annelids) a fluid filled, mesoderm lined body cavity __________ class of annelids, mostly marine, includes bristleworms __________ the “lip” of an earthworm __________ the structure in the digestive system of an earthworm which grinds food material __________ a ciliates funnel and coiled tube which removed metabolic waste from the blood of the earthworm __________ Type of circulatory system where blood only flows in vessels __________ a muscular action that pushes food through the intestine __________ the oxygen carrying molecule found in earthworm blood __________ the structure which sucks food into the earthworm's mouth cavity __________ a free swimming cilliated larva found in polychaetes __________ the structure which stores sperm until the eggs are ready to be fertilized __________ structure used in reproduction of earthworms which produces a thick mucus __________ the digestive organ in worms which stores food before it is passed on to the gizzard __________ an egg sac produces by the clitellum which protects developing zygotes __________ the place in the worm where blood exchanges materials (food, gas waste) with its surroundings __________ class of annelids to which the earthworm belong __________ In the space below, describe the life cycle of ascaris. In the space below, sketch and label the body plan of a tapeworm (parasitic flatworm) attached in the digestive tract Answer the questions below on separate paper 5. Describe the body plan of a flatworm (how many germ layers, what kind of symmetry, any systems it has) 6. How are roundworms different from flatworms? 7. Why do animals with radial symmetry tend to live in the water? 8. Name one similarity and one difference between roundworms and annelids 9. Defend the following statement with reference to one specific feature from each phylum: “annelids are more 'complex' than roundworms, which are more 'advanced' than flatworms which are more 'advanced' than cnidarians.” 10. List all the classes of cnidarians and describe some characteristics of each. 11. Describe the major evolutionary advances seen in cnidarians (as compared to sponges) 12. List all the classes of platyhelminthes and describe some characteristics of each 13. Describe the major evolutionary advances seen in flatworms (as compared to sponges and cnidarians) 14. List all the classes of nematoda and describe one characteristic of each 15. describe the major evolutionary advances seen in roundworms (as compared to sponges, cnidarians and flatworms) 16. List all of the classes of annelids and describe one characteristic of each 17. describe the major evolutionary advances seen in annelids (as compared to sponges, cnidarians, flatworms and roundworms) 18. How is the earthworm able to survive without a specialized respiratory system? 19. How does this system of gas exchange limit the worm's lifestyle? 20. What advantages, if any, is there in segmentation? 21. Give functions for the following structures: heart, capillary, anus, bristles, ventral nerve chord