Download Gauss Commands Replace words in italics with file paths/names

Gauss Commands
Replace words in italics with file paths/names, variables, or values. The character | separates lists
of options.
Command
@
;
output file = “filename” on | off | reset
Explanation
Precedes and follows a
comment. Gauss will ignore
everything between two @
symbols.
Each line in a Gauss program
must end with a ; character. The
character is not required when
entering commands directly.
Opens an output file. The ON
option creates the file if it
doesn’t exist and appends
output to the file if the file
already exists. The OFF option
closes the file. If you do not
issue the OFF command, you
may lose output that is stored in
the output buffer but not yet
written to the file. The RESET
option creates the file if it
doesn’t exist and overwrites the
file if the file already exists.
After turning on (or resetting)
an output file, all “print”
commands send data to both the
screen and the printer.
Example
@ This is a comment. @
load x[3,4] = “a:/data.txt”;
y=x’x;
print y;
output file = “a:/data/results.txt” reset
Note: Gauss uses linux notation for
directory paths. Use forward slash
instead of back slash.
print “x”
Prints the character “x”
print object
Prints to the screen or a file.
print x
Prints the value of the variable x.
load x[3,4] = “a:/data.txt”
load matrix[r,c] = “filename”
save matrix
xlsreadm(“filename”, “range”, sheet)
Reads data from a text file into
a matrix that is r rows by c
columns.
Saves matrix to the filename
matrix.fmt
Reads data from an Excel file
into a matrix. Range is the
range of cells containing the
data. Sheet is the number of the
sheet within the workbook.
Note: Gauss uses linux notation for
directory paths. Use forward slash
instead of back slash.
save x
x = xlsreadm(“a:/data.xlsx”,“a1:d20”,1)
x = {1 5 7, 9 4 2, 4 4 8, 4 2 4}
matrix = {x11 x12, x21 x22, x31 x32}
Creates a matrix of numbers.
Spaces separate columns.
Commas separate rows.
1
9
creates the matrix 
4

4
matrix’
Transposes a matrix.
If x =
1 2 3
4 5 6


5 7
4 2 
4 8

2 4
1 4


then y’ = 2 5


 3 6 
x = ones(4,3)
ones(r, c)
Creates an r x c matrix of ones.
1
1
creates the matrix 
1

1
1 1
1 1
1 1

1 1
x = zeros(4,3)
zeros(r, c)
Creates an r x c matrix of zeros.
0
0
creates the matrix 
0

0
0 0
0 0 
0 0

0 0
x = eye(3)
eye(n)
Creates an n x n identity matrix.
inv(matrix)
Inverts a matrix. The matrix
must be square.
1 0 0 


creates the matrix 0 1 0


0 0 1 
1 2
If x = 
 , then
3 4 
1 
 2
inv(x) = 

1.5 0.5
1 2
3 4 , then


1 
diag(x) =  
4
If x =
diag(matrix)
Extracts the diagonal from a
square matrix.
0 0
0 0 and y =


5 0
diagrv(x,y) = 

0 6
If x =
diagrv(matrix, vector)
meanc(matrix)
stdc(matrix)
show matrix
new
cls
Inserts the elements in vector
into the diagonal of matrix.
Returns the means of the
columns of matrix.
Returns the standard deviations
of the columns of matrix.
Shows the dimensions of
matrix.
Clears variables from memory.
Clears the output screen.
Multiplies two matrices. The
number of columns in the first
matrix must equal the number
of rows in the second matrix.
*
Note: When pre-multiplying by
a transformed matrix, you can
omit the * symbol. Example:
x’y instead of x’*y
+
Adds two matrices. The
numbers of rows in the two
matrices must be the same and
the number of columns in the
two matrices must be the same.
-
Subtracts two matrices. The
numbers of rows in the two
matrices must be the same and
the number of columns in the
two matrices must be the same.
Kronecker multiplies
matrices.
two
.*.
.*
Hadamard multiplies ʘ two
matrices. Hadamard
multiplication is element-byelement multiplication.
5 
 6  then
 
show x
new
cls
1 2 3
If x = 
 and y =
4 5 6
then x*y =
 22 28
 49 64 


1
3

6
x+y = 
10
1
If x = 
3
 4
x-y = 
 4
1
If x = 
3
1
3
x.*.y = 
0

0
1
If x = 
3
1
x.*y = 
0
2
5
and
y
=
7
4

8
12 
2
5
and y = 

4
7
4 
4 
2
1
and y = 

4
0
2 0 0
4 0 0 
0 2 4

0 6 8
2
1
and y = 

4
0
0
8 
If x =
1 2 
3 4  ,


5 6 
6
, then
8 
6
, then
8 
0
, then
2 
0
, then
2 
1 2
5 6
3 4 and y =  7 8  , then




0.20 0.33
x./y = 

 0.43 0.50
1 
3
If x =   and y =   , then
2
4
1 3 
x~y = 

2 4
1 
3
If x =   and y =   , then
2
4
1 
2
x|y =  
3
 
4
1 2 3


If x = 4 5 6 , then


7 8 9 
If x =
./
Element-by-element division.
~
Column-wise concatenation.
|
Row-wise concatenation.
matrix[r1:r2, c1:c2]
Extracts a portion of a matrix.
x[1:2,3:3] =
3
6 
 
Note: A single period, “.”, means “all
rows” or “all columns”.
rows(matrix)
cols(matrix)
cdftc(test statistic, degrees of freedom)
cdftci(area to the right, degrees of
freedom)
cdfchic(test statistic, degrees of
freedom)
Returns the number of rows in
matrix.
Returns the number of columns
in matrix.
Returns the area to the right of
the test statistic for a tdistribution with the indicated
degrees of freedom.
Returns the t-score that yields
the indicated area on the right
side of a t-distribution with the
indicated degrees of freedom.
Returns the area to the right of
the test statistic for a χ2
If x =
1 2 3
 4 5 6 , then


rows(x) = 2
If x =
1 2 3
 4 5 6 , then


cols(x) = 3
cdftc(1.6,10) returns the value 0.0703
cdftci(0.025,100) returns the value
1.9840
cdfchic(2,3) returns the value 0.5724
cdffc(test statistic, degrees of freedom
numerator, degrees of freedom
denominator)
distribution with the indicated
degrees of freedom.
Returns the area to the right of
the test statistic for an F
distribution with the indicated
degrees of freedom.
 1
4

1
abs(x) = 
4
If x =
abs(matrix)
Converts each element of
matrix to its absolute value.
3
, then
5 6 
2 3
5 6
2
edit c:/users/default/desktop/prg.txt
edit filename
do until condition;
[program code]
endo;
Create a text file for executing
Gauss code.
Repeatedly executes a block of
code until condition is met. The
condition is tested when the
program encounters the endo
command.
Note: Gauss uses linux notation for
directory paths. Use forward slash
instead of back slash.
j = 1;
do until j == 10;
print j;
j=j+1;
endo;
Note: When evaluating a variable, use
double equal signs. When setting the
value for a variable, use a single equal
sign.
for j (1, 10, 1);
print j;
endfor;
for variable (start, stop, step);
[program code]
endfor;
Repeatedly executes a block of
code with variable starting at
the value start, incrementing by
step, and continuing until it
reaches the value stop.
if condition;
[program code]
endif;
Executes a block of code
provided that condition is met.
The condition is tested when
the program encounters the
endif command.
if j < 10;
j=abs(j);
endif;
label:
Marks a place in a program to
which control can be sent.
goto RunRegression;
[program code]
RunRegression:
[program code]
goto label
Sends control to another point
in a program.
goto RunRegression
gosub label
return
Sends control to another point
in a program. Control returns
where it left when the program
encounters “return”.
gosub RunRegression;
[program code]
RunRegression:
[program code]
return;
lagn(matrix, index)
Lags matrix by index time
periods.
xlagged = lagn(x,1)
Note: When evaluating a variable, use
double equal signs. When setting the
value for a variable, use a single equal
sign.
packr(matrix)
rndn(rows ,columns)
Deletes the rows of a matrix
that contain any missing values.
Generates a rows by columns
matrix of standard normally
distributed random numbers.
x = packr(x)
x = rndn(100,1)