Download Midterm Review - Pascack Valley Regional High School District

Pascack Valley Regional School District
Conceptual Physics
Midterm Exam
Review Packet
January 2012
Kibala
Vannucci
Will
Instructions:
 The last page of this review packet includes a sheet of formulas that is identical to
the one that will be provided to you on the day of your exam

For Part 1 – Write a definition, explanation, or detailed diagram for each of the
topics in the outline in the space provided.

For Part 2 – List all given information, show all your work, and box in your final
answer in the space provided.

This Review Packet will be turned in to your Conceptual Physics Teacher on
the day of your Midterm Exam and will be worth 20% of your Midterm
Exam. DO NOT FORGET TO TURN IN THIS PACKET!!!!!
Conceptual Physics
Page 1
Part 1
These Topics Will All Be Covered On Your Final!!!
A. General Physics Information
a. Know the steps of the scientific method and the order in which they are
completed
b. Be able to solve scientific notation problems – Convert numbers into or
out of scientific notation
c. Know the metric (SI) units and how to convert numbers from 1 metric unit
to another (ex. cm into m)
d. Know the definitions of precision and accuracy, explain the difference
between them, and provide examples of each
B. 1-Dimensional Motion
a. Know the definitions of distance and displacement and how to solve for
them.
i. What is the difference between distance and displacement?
Conceptual Physics
Page 2
b. Know the definitions and explain the difference between speed and
velocity
c. Know the definitions of instantaneous and average speed and how to solve
for each
i. What speed are you registering with your car’s speedometer?
d. Know what acceleration is and how to solve for it
e. Know the units for all variables
i. Distance and displacement
ii. Speed and velocity
iii. Acceleration
f. Know how to solve 1-Dimentional motion problems (see Part 2)
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Page 3
C. Projectile Motion
a. Know the definitions for, and understand the difference between vector
and scalar quantities.
b. Be able to explain how gravity impacts objects in projectile motion
i. In which direction is a projectile accelerating?
ii. In which direction does the velocity of a projectile stay constant?
iii. If a ball were launched and dropped from the same height, which
one will hit the ground first?
c. Be able to solve free fall, horizontal projectile motion, and angled
projectile motion problems (See Part 2)
d. Explain how the angle an object is launched will impact its height and
horizontal distance.
Conceptual Physics
Page 4
D. Forces and Newton’s Laws
a. Know the definition of Inertia and what factors determine how high/low
an objects inertia is
b. Know and Explain Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion
i. Newton’s 1st Law
ii. Newton’s 2nd Law
iii. Newton’s 3rd Law
c. Be able to solve force problems using Newton’s 2nd Law equation (see
Part 2)
d. Know how to draw a free body diagram and calculate all the forces on an
object
i. What are the steps to drawing a free body diagram?
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ii. How do you calculate weight? Explain the difference between
weight and mass.
iii. How do you calculate normal force?
iv. What is friction? How does it impact an object and how do you
calculate frictional force?
v. How do you solve for coefficient of friction?
e. Know what it means for an object to be in equilibrium or traveling at a
constant speed.
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Page 6
E. Work, Power, and Energy
a. Be able to calculate work, power, potential energy, and kinetic energy.
(See Part 2)
b. Define work and power. How do they relate to each other?
c. Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy and how to apply it to solving
problems.
i. Can energy be created or destroyed?
ii. Can potential energy ever be transformed into kinetic energy?
Conceptual Physics
Page 7
Part 2
Free Response Section Sample Questions
General Physics Knowledge
Scientific Notation
Convert the following numbers from standard decimal numbers into scientific notation
(powers of 10). Remember, if no decimal is shown then it is assumed to be at the end of
the number.
Ex. 536000 = 5.36 x 105
1. 4000 = ___________________
2. 0.00005 = _________________
3. 7000000 = ________________
Convert the following values from scientific notation into standard decimal form.
Ex. 2.15 x 10-3 = 0.00215
1. 5.4 x 104 = ___________________
2. 2.5 x 10-5 = __________________
3. 1 x 104 = ____________________
Convert the following measurements from one unit of length (m) to another.
Ex. 1000 mm = 1 m
1. 0.034 km = ________________ cm
2. 1.5 hm = __________________ m
3. 200 mm = _________________ dm
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1-Dimentional Motion
For questions #1-3, Calculate the distance and displacement of the following situations:
1. David walks 3 km north, then turns and walks 5 km east.
2. Amy runs 3 miles south, then turns around and runs 6 miles north.
3. John runs exactly 3 laps around a 400 meter track.
4. A sprinter runs the 1600 m race in 250 s. What is her average speed?
5. A car travels at 70 miles/hr. How long would it take the car to drive 520 miles
from New Jersey to North Carolina?
6. A motorcycle accelerates from rest at 35 m/s2. How fast is it going after 6 s?
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7. A car moving at 66 m/s comes to a stop in 11 s. What is its average acceleration?
8. A rock falls off a cliff and takes 7 s to hit the ground. How fast is it moving when
it lands?
9. A baseball is thrown straight up in the air with a velocity of 20 m/s.
a. How long will it take for the ball to reach its highest point?
b. What is its speed at its highest point?
10. A quarter is dropping out a window 44.1 m above the ground. How long does it
take for the quarter to reach the ground?
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Page 10
2-Dimentional Motion (Horizontal Projectile Motion)
1. A bullet shot at a horizontal velocity of 340 m/s is in the air for 5 s.
a. How far will it go?
b. How far will it drop?
2. A baseball rolls off a 1.25 m high table and hits the floor 0.4 m from the edge of the
table
a.
How long is it in the air?
b.
What is its initial velocity?
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3. Dutch run-jumps off a waterfall traveling horizontally at 18 m/s. He plunges into a
lake 3.5 s later.
a. How far did he go horizontally?
b. How far did he fall?
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2-D Motion (Angled Projectile Motion)
1. A rocket is launched with a horizontal velocity component of 15 m/s and a
vertical velocity component of 20 m/s.
a. What is its total initial velocity?
b. How long will it stay in the air?
c. How far will it go?
d. How high will it rise at its greatest height?
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Page 13
2. A football is thrown 45 m and has a hang time of 2 s.
a. What is its initial velocity in the horizontal direction?
b. If the highest it went was 12 m, what was its initial velocity in the vertical
direction?
3. A dart is thrown at an initial total velocity of 10 m/s. It has an initial vertical
velocity of 6 m/s.
a. What is its initial horizontal velocity?
b. If the dart is in the air for 0.5 s before hitting the bullseye, how high is the
dartboard on the wall?
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Page 14
Forces and Newton’s Laws
1. A 90 kg sled is moving at a constant speed with a horizontal force of 190 N
a. Draw a FBD and calculate all the forces on the object.
b. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction?
2. A 90 kg crate is pushed along the floor at constant speed by a horizontal force.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the floor is -0.25.
a. Draw the FBD showing all forces acting on the crate.
b. What is the force needed to pull the block at constant speed (i.e., in
equilibrium)?
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Page 15
3. A 65 kg block of ice is pulled along the floor by a 220 N force directed parallel to
the floor. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the floor is 0.2.
a. Draw the FBD showing all forces acting on the block.
b. What is the Frictional Force?
c. Is the block in equilibrium? If not, what is the acceleration of the block?
d. What coefficient of friction would be needed to make the block just move
at constant speed (i.e., to bring it into equilibrium)?
e. What force would be needed to accelerate it at 4 m/s2?
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Work, Power, and Energy
1. A 900 N force acts on a 55 kg crate and pushes it 35 m.
a. What is the Work done by the crate?
b. If it took 75 seconds to go the 35 m what was the crate’s power?
2. A rock rolls 250 m from its starting point and has a total work value of 8000 J.
a. What is the force that was applied to the rock?
b. If the rock’s total work was 0 J after rolling a total distance of 250 m, what
would that mean about the rock’s starting and ending point?
3. A forklift lifts a box with a force of 155 N, 14 m in the air in 8 seconds. What is
the power done?
4. How much potential energy does a 300 kg boulder have that is on the edge of a
cliff 85 m above the ground?
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5. The world record for men’s pole vault is 15.6 m. If the athlete’s potential energy
when he crosses the bar is 4500 J, what is his mass?
6. A 6.5 kg bowling ball is rolled with a velocity of 8 m/s.
a. How much kinetic energy does it have?
b. If it were at rest, how high would it have to be to have the same amount of
potential energy?
7. A 950 kg roller coaster starts at the top of the first hill, which is 60 m high.
a. How much potential energy does it have at the start?
b. When it gets 2/3 of the way down the potential energy is now 188,000 J.
What is its kinetic energy?
c. When the roller coaster reaches the bottom of the hill and all the potential
energy is converted to kinetic energy, how fast will the roller coaster be
going?
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Page 18
8. A man pushes a 77 kg crate 96 m along the floor with a horizontal force of 1280
N. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is – 0.23
a. How much work is done on the crate by the man?
b. How much work is done by the frictional force?
c. What is the net work done on the crate?
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Page 19
Formula Sheet
1D Motion
Straight Line Motion: v = d/t
Free Fall Motion:
v = gt
a = v/t
y = ½ gt2
g = 9.8 m/s2
2D Motion
x = vxt
g = 9.8 m/s2
v2 = vx2 + vy2
y = v y t - ½ g t2
Forces and Motion
F = ma
 Fx = Fp +Ff
W = - mg
FN= -W
Ff =  FN
For equilibrium:  Fx = 0
If not in equilibrium:  Fx = ma
Work, Power, and Energy
W=Fd
P (power) = W/t
PE = m g h
KE = ½ m v2
TE = KE + PE