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CRPF PUBLIC SCHOOL, ROHINI
HOLIDAYS HOMEWORK (2016-17)
SUBJECT : SCIENCE
CLASS : XII
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
(a)
(b)
How are binary files different from text files in C++?
Declare a structure in C++ telerec, containing name (20 characters) and telephone number. A binary data file
"TELE.DAT" stores data of the type telerec. Write functions in C++ to do the following:
a. to append records in the file.
b. display the name for a given telephone number. If the telephone number does not exist then display error
message "record not found".
A binary file "EMPLOYEE.DAT" contains EMPNO (employee number), WRATE (hourly wage rate), NOH
(number of hours worked/week) fields of a structure EMP. Write a C++ function to read each record, compute
weekly wages as WRATE*NOH and display EMPNO, WRATE, NOH, WRATE*NOH on the screen.
Write a C++ program that reads a text file TEST.TXT and copies all words that start with “R” to another file
RETEST.TXT.
Write an interactive C++ program to open a text file RESULT.TXT and then display number of numeric
characters present in the file.
Answer the following:
(i) When can a function prototype be omitted?
(ii) What will be the size of the unsigned long arr[20][10] array in bytes?
Write functions for the following:To delete blank spaces from a string.
To check the equality of two 2-D matrices
PHYSICS HOLIDAYS ASSIGNMENT
Numerical Problems Chapter one and Two
1. A charge having magnitude Q is divided into two parts q and (Q-q). Is the two parts exert a maximum
force of repulsion on each other, then find the ratio Q/q.
2. Two charges each of +Q unit are placed along a line. A third charge q is placed between them. At what
position and for what value of q, will the system be in equilibrium?
3. Two point charges Q1 and Q2 are 3m apart and their combined charge is 20µC (a) if one repels the other
with a force of 0.075 N, what are the two charges? (b) if one attracts the other with a force of 0.525N.
What are the magnitudes of the charges?
4. Four equal magnitude point charges (3µC) are placed at the corners of a square that is 40cm on each side.
Two charges diagonally opposite to each other are positive and the other two are negative. Find the force
on either negative charge.
5. Calculate the distance between the two points such that the electrical repulsive force between them is
equal to the weight of either. Take mp=1.67 x 10-27 kg and charge of proton=1.6 x10-19 C
6. Two point charges 2µC and 6µC repel each other with a force of 12N. If each is given an additional
charge -4µC, what will be the new force between them?
7. How far apart two protons be if the electrostatic force exerted by one on the other is equal to weight of
the electron?
8. If 109 electrons move out of the body to another body every second, how much time is required to get a
total charge of 1C on the other body?
9. How much positive and negative charged is there in a cup of water?
10. Consider 3 charges q1, q2 and q3 each equal to q at the vertices of equilateral triangle of side l. What is
the force on charge Q placed at the centroid of the triangle?
11. How many electrons make up one coulomb of charge?
12. Two point charges +q and +4q are separated by a distance 6a. Find the point on the line joining the two
charges where the electric field is zero.
13. Two point charges q1=+0.2C and q2=+0.4C are placed 0.1 m apart. Calculate the electric field at
(a)
The midpoint between the two charges
(b)
A point on the line joining q1 and q2 such that it is 0.05m from q2 and 0.15m away from q1.
14. Four equal magnitude (4µC) charges are placed at the four corner of a square that is 20 cm on each side.
Find the electric field intensity at the centre of the square, if all the charges are positive.
15. Two point charges q1 and q2 of magnitude +10-8C and -10-8C respectively are placed at 0.1m apart.
Calculate the electric fields at points A, B and C as shown in figure.
C
0.1m
B
0.05m
q1
0.1m
0.05m
A
0.05m
q2
16. Two charges of the values of 15 x 10-9C and 30 x 10-9C are placed at a distance 0.06m. Find the intensity
of electric field at a point which is at a distance of 2 cm from the first and 4 cm from second charge
respectively.
17. A charge q of mass m is released in a field E at rest. Find its displacement at time t.
18. An oil drop carries 6 electronic charges and it has a mass of 1.6 x 10-12g and falls with a terminal
velocity in air. What magnitude of vertical electric field is required to make the drop move upwards with
the same speed as it was formally moving downwards?
19. A molecule of a substance has a permanent electric dipole moment of magnitude 10-29Cm. A mole of this
substance is polarized (at low temp.) by applying a strong electrostatic field of magnitude 106 V/m. The
direction of the field is suddenly changed by an angle of 60º. Estimate the heat released by the substance
in aligning its dipoles along the new direction of the field. For simplicity, assume 100% polarization of
the sample.
20. Two charges ±10µC are placed 5 x 10-3m apart. Determine the electric field at a point O, on a line
passing through the normal to the axis of the dipole. The point O is at a distance 0.15m from the dipole.
21. The electric field components in figure are Ex=ax1/2, Ey= Ez= 0 in which α=800N/Cm1/2. Calculate (a) the
flux through the cube and (b) the charge within the cube. Assume a=0.1m
y
nL
nR
x
z
a
a
22. The electric field in a certain region of space is given by E=200î. How much flux passes through an area
A if it is a portion of (a) the x-y plane (b) the x-z plane (c) y-z plane?
23. The cylinder of length L and radius r has its axis coincident with the x-axis in the electric field in this
region is E=200 î. Find the flux at
a) The left end of the cylinder
b) The right end of the cylinder
x
c) The cylindrical wall
d) The closed surface area of the cylinder
E
12
24. An isolated sphere of 0.1m radius is deprived of 10 electrons. Find the field intensity at the surface.
Given e=1.6 x 10-19 C
25. Calculate the electric field at a distance of 35cm from the axis of a cylindrical rod of radius of 20cm and
charge density 15 x 10-3 C/m3; what is the electric field at r = 10cm?
26. A charged spherical conductor has a surface density of 0.07 units. When its charge is increased by 4.4
units the charge density changes by 0.014 units. Find the radius of sphere and initial charge on it.
27. A charge q is placed at a distance at a distance r/2 from the centre of a spherical Gaussian surface of
radius r. What is the flux through Gaussian surface?
28. A cylinder of large length has a charge of 2 x 10-19 C/m. Find the field intensity at a distance of 0.2m
from it.
Given ε0=1/36π x 109 in SI units.
29. A square frame of edge 10cm is placed with its positive normally making an angle 600 with a uniform
electric field of 20V/m. Find the flux of the electric field through the surface bound by the electric frame.
30. The electric field and electric potential at a point charge kept in air is 20N/C and 10J/C respectively.
Compute the magnitude of this charge.
31. Two point charges +4µC and -6 µC are separated by a distance of 20cm in air. At what point on the line
joining the two charges, is the electric potential zero?
32. An infinite plane sheet of charge density 10-8 C/m2 is held in air. In this situation, how far apart the two
equipotential surfaces whose potential difference is 5V?
33. Two point charges A and B of value +5 µC and +6 µC are kept 12cm apart in air. Calculate the work
done when charge B is moved 2cm towards charge A.
34. ABCD is a square of side 0.2m. Charges of 4 x 10-9 C and
-4 x 10-9 C are placed at the three corners
of a square. Find the potential (i) At point A (ii) calculate the potential at the centre O, due to charges
B,C and D. (iii) calculate the work done in the above example if charge of 2 x 10-9 C is moved from A to
O.
4 x 10-9 C
– 4 x 10-9 C
D
C
O
A
B
20 cm
4 x 10-9 C
35. Two protons are released when they are 2 x 10-14m apart. Find their speeds when they are 5 x 10-14m
apart. Mass=1.67 x 10-27 kg
36. Calculate the electric potential at the centre of the square of side √2m, having charges 100µC, –50 µC, 20
µC and –60 µC at the four corners of this square.
37. Two point charges A and B of 1.5 µC and 2.5 µC respectively are kept 30cm apart in air. Calculate the
electric potential at a point which is 10cm from the mid point of straight line AB and is on a plane normal
to AB passing through the midpoint of this line.
38. (a)Calculate the potential at point P due to a charge of 2 x 10-7C located 9 cm away (b) hence, obtain the
work done in bringing a charge of 2 x 10-9C from infinity to the point P. Does the answer depend on the
path along which the charge is brought?
39. In the given figure, four charges are arranged at the corners of a square ABCD of side d (a) Find the work
required to put together this arrangement. (b) A charge q0 is brought to the centre E of the square, the four
charges being held fixed at its corners. How much extra work is needed to do this?
A
B
q0
E
D
-q
C
+q
40. (a) Determine the electrostatic potential energy of a system consisting of two charges 7µC and –2µC (&
with no external field) placed at (–9cm, 0, 0) and (9cm, 0, 0) respectively.
(b) How much work is required to separate the two charges infinitely away from each other?
(c) Suppose that the same system of charges is now placed in an external electric field E=A (1/r2); A= 9 x
105C/m2. What would be the electrostatic energy of the configuration be?
Chapter current electricity
1. The area of each plate of a parallel plate capacitor is 2cm2 and the distance between the plates is
0.02cm. A potential difference of 6V is applied across the plates. Find the charge on the plates and the
electric field established between the plates.
2. A 5µF parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab of dielectric constant 3 between the plates is
charged to 100V and then isolated. What will be the potential difference if the dielectric is removed?
How much work would be done to remove the dielectric?
C1
C2
3. Three capacitors are connected as shown in figure.
If a 12V potential difference is applied to the
3µF
6µF
Terminals, what will be
4µF
(a) The total capacitance
(b) Charge on each capacitor.
C3
4. A capacitor of capacitance C1= 1 µF withstands the maximum voltage V1=6kV while a capacitor of
capacitance C2= 2 µF the maximum voltage V1= 4kV. What voltage will the system of these two
capacitors withstand if they are connected in series?
5. A parallel plate capacitor is maintained at a certain potential difference. When a 3mm thick slab is
introduced between the plates, in order to maintain the same potential difference, the distance between
the plates is increased by 2.4mm. Find the dielectric constant of the slab.
6. An 80µF capacitor is charged by a 50V battery. The capacitor is then disconnected from the battery
and then connected across another uncharged 320 µF capacitor. Calculate the charge on the second
capacitor.
7. Three identical capacitors C1, C2 and C3 of
Capacitance 6µF each are connected to
C1
V
12V battery as shown. Find
(a) Charge on each capacitor
C2
C3
(b) Equivalent capacitance of network
(c) Energy stored in the network of capacitors.
8. Two conducting spheres of radii 4cm and 7cm have charge of 500C and 600C respectively. Calculate
the loss or gain in energy when they are connected together.
9. A capacitor half filled with a dielectric of
Dielectric constant 4 has a capacitance of
10µF. What will be its capacitance
Without the dielectric?
10.Two electric bulbs of 50W and 100W are given. Which one of them will be brighter when they are
connected to the mains (a) in series (b) in parallel?
11. Find the total energy in the capacitors given in the circuit.
C4
6V
C1
C2
2 µF
1µF
C5
2µF
1 µF
C3
2 µF
12. The potential difference across the terminals of a storage battery is 10V in a closed circuit. If the
external resistance is increased by 1Ω, the potential difference increases by 1V. A further increase in
the external resistance of 3Ω produces a further increase of 2V in the potential difference. What is the
emf E and internal resistance r of the battery?
13.In a discharge tube the number of hydrogen ions (i.e. protons) drifting across a cross-section per
second 1 x 1018, while the number of electrons drifting in the opposite direction across another crosssection is 2.7 x 1018 per second if the supply voltage is 230V, what is the effective resistance of the
tube?
14.The external diameter of a 5m long hollow tube is 0.10m and thickness of its wall is
5 x 10-3 m.
Determine its resistance. Given ρCu = 1.7 x 10-8 Ωm
15. Two identical cells of emf 1.5V each joined in
E=1.5V
r
parallel provide supply to an external circuit
consisting of two resistors of 17Ω each joined
in parallel. A very high resistance voltmeter
reads the terminal voltage of the cells to be 1.4V.
What is the internal resistance each cell?
E=1.5V
r
R= 17Ω
R= 17Ω
16. Find the minimum number of cells required to produce an electric current of 1.5A through resistance
of 30Ω, given that emf of each cell is1.5V and internal resistance of each cell is 10Ω.
17. A copper wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer. What is the percentage change in the resistance?
18. Find the drift velocity of electrons I a conductor of area of cross section 10-4 m2 for a current of 15A.
Assume that density of the free electrons is 7.5 x 1020 per m2.
19. A potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length L and diameter D. How are the
electric field E and resistance R of conductor affected when in turn (a) V is halved (b) L is halved (c)
D is doubled?
20. Three equal resistors connected in series across a source of emf E dissipate 10W power. What could
be the power dissipated if the same resistors are connected in parallel across the same source?
21. A copper wire has square cross-section 2mm on a side. It is 4m long and carries a current of 10A. The
density of free electrons is 8 x 1028 m-3. (a) What is the current density of the wire? (b) What is electric
field? (c) How much time is required for an electron to travel the length of the wire?
22. The potential difference across the terminals of a battery is
E
r
i
8.5V when there is a current of 3A in the battery from
A
B
the negative to the positive terminals. When the current
is 2A in the reverse direction, the P.D. becomes 11V.
(a) What is the internal resistance of the battery?
E
r
i
(b) What is the emf of the battery?
B
23. The four arms of a Wheatstone bridge have the
following resistances:
A
C
AB=100Ω
BC=10 Ω
CD=5 Ω
D
DA=60 Ω
10V
24. In a meter bridge, resistance in the right gap is 10Ω. The null point is found to occur at a distance of
30cm from the left end. Calculate the resistance in the left gap and uncertainty in its value if
uncertainty in the distance of the null point is ±0.5cm.
25. Three batteries of 2,1and 4V with internal resistances 4Ω, 3Ω, and 2Ω respectively, are arranged in
parallel. Find the current in each wire using Kirchhoff’s Law.
26. A potentiometer having a wire 5m long stretched and it is connected to an accumulator having a
steady voltage. A Daniel cell gives a null point at 300cm. if the length of the potentiometer wire is
increased by 100cm; find the position of the balance point.
27. With two resistance wires in the two gaps of a meter bridge, the balance point was found to be 1/3m
from the zero ends. When a 6W coil is connected in series with the smaller of the two resistances, the
balance point is shifted to 2/3m from the same end. Find the resistance of the two wires.
28. A 10m long wire of uniform cross-section and 20Ω resistance is used in a potentiometer. The wire is
connected in series with a battery of 5V along with an external resistance of 480Ω. If an unknown
e.m.f. E is balanced at 6m length of the wire, calculate (a) the potential gradient of the potentiometer
wire and (b) the value of unknown e.m.f.
29. All the seven arms of the electrical network shown in
A
D
E
figure has equal lengths and equal resistances. Show
that if a current I enters the network at the point A and
leaves at point F, the current in the arm CD is 1/5
In comparing the resistance of two coils P and Q with a meter bridge, the balance point is obtained at
30cm from the zero ends. The coils P and Q are interchanged and the balance point is obtained at
120cm from the zero ends. Find (a) the ratio of the resistance of the two coils and (b) the length of the
bridge wire
30. A cell of e.m.f. E1 (=2V) and internal resistance 1Ω is connected in parallel with another cell of e.m.f.
E2 (=1.5V) and internal resistance 2Ω. When the combination is in parallel with a resistance of 4Ω,
find the current through each branch and also the potential difference across the 4Ω resistance.
31. Three resistance are joined to form a triangle ABC, such that AB=1Ω, BC=2Ω, CA=3Ω. A cell of
e.m.f. 3V and internal resistance 1Ω is connected to points A and C. Determine the current in the three
arms and also the potential difference at the cell terminals.
32. A 10V battery having an internal resistance of 1Ω is
E1=10V
r1=1Ω
joined in parallel with another of 20V and internal
resistance 2Ω. The combination is placed across an
E2=20V
r2=2Ω
external resistance of 30Ω.
R=30Ω
34. In an experiment. to determine the internal resistance of a cell, the null point is obtained at 220cm,
when the cell is shunted by a resistance of 5Ω. When the cell is shunted by a resistance of 20Ω, the
null point is obtained at 300cm. Find the internal resistance of the cell.
35. Two cells of e.m.f. E1 and E2 (E1 > E2) are connected as shown in figure. When a potentiometer is
connected between points A and B, the balancing length of the potentiometer is at 300 cm and
between points A and C, the balancing length is 100cm. Calculate the ratio of the e.m.f. of the two
cells.
A
B
C
E1
E2
36. A potentiometer wire carries current. The potential difference across 70cm of it balances the potential
difference across a 2Ω coil supplied by a cell of e.m.f. 2V. When a 1Ω coil is placed at parallel with
the 2Ω coil, a length equal to 50cm of the potentiometer wire is required to balance the potential
difference across the parallel combination. What is the internal resistance of the 2V cell?3
37. ABCD is a uniform circular wire of resistance 2Ω. AOC and BOD are two wires (each of resistance
1Ω) forming diameter at right angles to each other. Show that the resistance of the network is 15/14Ω,
if the battery is placed in AD.
B
38. Four resistances P = 5Ω, Q = 6Ω, R = 50Ω, X = 60Ω are
connected in the four arms of the Wheatstone bridge.
5Ω
6Ω
If a cell of e.m.f.1.5V and negligible internal resistance
A
C
is connected across the bridge, calculate the current in the
50Ω
60Ω
arms of the Wheatstone bridge and the cell.
D
E=1.5V
39. A cell of emf 2V and internal resistance 2Ω is connected with two wires of resistance 2Ω and 5Ω in
parallel. Find the current in each wire using Kirchhoff’s Law.
40. Twenty four cells of internal resistance 0.5Ω and emf 1.5V are used for sending the maximum current
through an external resistance of 3Ω. How will you group the cells? Find the maximum current.
ENGLISH
Q1. Read the novel, The Invisible Man and answer the following questions:
a) Slowly and steadily, Griffin takes the road to his destruction. Give examples that illustrate this.
b) Give your impression of any one character in the story that repels you and one that makes you admire
him/her (Do not choose Griffin)
c) Do you feel sorry for Griffin in the end or he deserved the punishment meted out to him? Give reasons
for your answer.
Q2. Revise the chapters that have been completed.
Q3.You are Anand/Akshata of kolkata. You brought a Whirlpool white magic washing machine from M/s
Electronics India, lake area, kolkata. After installation, it washed functioning properly and the clothes are
dripping wet even after the spin dry function is complete according to the machine.
Write a letter to electronics India, giving them the guarantee card no. and other details regarding your
complaint asking them to attend to it/ replace it.
b) SAF public school, chadigarh is planning to take group of 40 senior students to shimla on an excursion
during the summer vacation. As MR. Mohan das the teacher in charge of ‘excursions and field trips, write a
letter to JJ tours and travels ,chandigarh asking them to organizing the tour. Write this letter giving details of
preference such as da te of journey, transport, accommodation etc.
c) Subways in your city are poorly maintained and are often misused. Write a letter to the municipal
authorities urging them to take necessary measures to improve their condition. You are rahul/rachna, 15
chikpet, Chennai.
d) Communal harmony is the need of the hour. Being an editor of your school magazine write an article
on it for publication. Also indicate how the students can play a major role in bringing harmony and
peace. You are diksha of 12-F.
e) The terrorists are bent upon disturbing the peace, harmony and economy of the world. These are the
core enemies of the humanity and have posed a serious threat to the world. Troubled with their
untimely attack, write an article on ‘Terrorism- An evil to humanity.’
f) The house incharge has asked Madhurima to deliver a speech in the morning assembly. “The crisis of
water.” Write her speech in about 200 words.
g) Write a speech on importance of yoga for the upcoming sports day.
MATHS



Practice chapter number 2- 6 from NCERT textbook as well as from Assignment booklet
(Page no. 47 - 115).
Learn all the formulas given in Assignment booklet (Page 9-16).
Prepare yourself for a class test based on the syllabus which will be covered till 26 May 2016. The test
will be held in the first week of July 2014.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Do the Given Assignment in the note book and read the first three chapters.
CHEMISTRY
1. Read the chapters a) Bio Molecules and b) Chemistry in everyday Life and prepare a detailed
Summary/notes of the relevant topics.
2. Do all the numerical (NCERT) of chapter “solutions and Electrochemistry” in class work notebook.
Notes(Chemistry in everyday life)
Drugs: are chemicals which affects human metabolism.
Chemotherapy: Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect.
Drugs interact with biological macromolecules(proteins,carbohydrates.Nucleic acids)these are called target
molecules.
Antagonists: Drugs that binds to receptor site and inhibit its natural functions.
Agonists: Drugs that mimic the natural messanger by switching on the receptors .
Antacid: Neutralizes excess acid of gastric juice –Rantidine(Zantac),cimetidine(tegamet) by preventing the
interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach wall resulting in release of lesser amount of
acid. .some basic compounds like sodiumhydrogen carbonate,magnesium carbonate,aluminium hydroxide and
magnesium hydroxide gel act as antacids by neutralizing hydronium ions in stomach acid.Excessive
hydrogencarbonate can make the stomach alkaline. metal hydroxide are better alternative being insoluble do
not increase the ph .
Tranquilizers : Used for the treatment of stress, anxiety or even severe mental diseases
.Equanil,calmpose,serotonin ,barbutaric acid
Dettol: Mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol.
Antibiotics: Effective against Gram + OR Gram – bacteria
Narrow spectrum antibiotics:Penicillin G
Broad spectrum antibiotics:Kills wide range of Gram + AND Gram – bacteria
CHLOROAMPHENICOL.(used for curing typhoid ,meningitis ,dysentery ,acute fever)
Bithional:added to soap to impart antiseptic properties .1% phenol solution act as disinfectant 2% solution of
phenol act as antiseptic.
Artificial sweetening agent: Aspartame, Saccharin is useful for diabetic person other ex is sucralose
Soap: Biodegradable cant be used in hard water
Synthetic detergent :Classified into anionic ,Cationic, non ionic detergent ex of anionic detergent is sodium
salt of sulphonated long chain alcohol or hydrocarbon ,Sodium laurylsulphateis another example.non
biodegradable.
Antidepressant:Iproniazid,phenelzine
Antihistamin:Diminish the effect of histamine(vasodilator and has various functions) is used for allergic
reasons.Ex-Bromopheniramine.,promethazine
Food preservatives:Sodium benzoate
Antifertility drug: Norethindrone
Non-narcoticsanelgesic
Reduce pain without addiction aspirin,paracetamol,aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins also
relieves pain of arthritis ,used as blood thinner and prevent heart attack,
Anticancer agent :cisplatin
Biomolecules
Carbohydrate, protein nucleic acid lipids
Carbohydrates have general formula CX(H2O)Y
Carbohydrates are classified on the basis of their behavior on hydrolysis into
Monosaccharides,Oligosacchride,Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides:Cant be hydrolysed
Oligosaccharides:Hydrolysed to give 2to10 molecules of monosaccharides
Polysaccharides: more than 10 molecules
Monosaccharides are further classified on the basis of number of C atom and functional groups into
Aldose(aldehyde gp) and Ketose(ketonic gp)
Preparation of glucose:
From sucrose
C12H22O11+H2O → C6H12O6+C6H12O6
From starch hydrolysis of starch with acid gives glucose
Glucose is dextrose and is monomer of starch and cellulose(present in plants constituent of cell wall)
Reactions of Glucose: CHO—(CHOH)4—CH2OH
i) With HI:Forms n-hexane
ii) With NH2OH forms oxime(CH=N-OH—(CHOH) 4—CH2OH)
iii) On oxidation glucose forms gluconic acid COOH--((CHOH) 4—CH2OH
Despite having the –CHO gp it does not give 2,4 DNP test ,Schiff’s test and does not form addition product
with NaHCOi3.It was proposed that one of the OH gp may add to –CHO gp and forms cyclic hemiacetal
structure. Glucose forms six membered ring in which –OH gp at C5 is involved in ring formation. The two
cyclic hemiacetal forms of glucose (Haworth structure) differ in configuration of OH gp at C-1 called
anomeric carbon.
DISACCHARIDES:
Disaccharides on hydrolysis with acid or enzymes give 2 molecules of monosaccharides which are joined by
oxide linkage formed after loss of water molecule such linkage between two monosaccharide through O is
called glycoside linkage.since the reducing gp of Gand F are involved in glycosidic linkage ,Sucrose is a non
reducing sugar.
Maltose and lactose are reducing sugars
POLYSACCHARIDES:
Starch is a polymer of Amylose and Amylopectin
Glycogen:carbohydrate are stored in animal body as glycogen also called animal starch
PROTEINS: are polymers of alpha amino acids ,it contains NH2 ,COOH functional gps ,and attached together
by peptide bonds.Most naturally occurring amino acids have L configuration which are represented by
writing the –NH2 gp on left hand side.Proteins are classified into:
Fibrous proteins:insoluble in water,ex-keratin ,myosin(muscles)
Globular: soluble in water,ex-insulin,albumin
Structure of protein
Primary st:one or more peptide chain linked in specific sequence any change in p st creates a different protein
Secondary st: refers to shape in which long polypeptide chain exist in helix and pleated structure
Tertiary st refers to overall folding of the peptide chain the main forces that stabilize 2 0 ,30 structures are Hbonds ,disulphide linkage vanderwalls force
Denturation of Proteins
Protein is subjected tophysical change like change in temperature or PH,the H-bonds are disturbed due to this
globules unfold and helix get uncoiled and proteins loses its biological activity it is called denaturation of
protein. During denaturation 20,30 structures are destroyed but 10 structure remains intact.Ex coagulation of
egg,curdling of milk.
ENZYMES:
Enzymes are biological catalyst,all are globular proteins
Vitamins:vitamins are organic compounds required in small amt and their deficiency causes specific diseases
Fat soluble vitamin-A,D,E,K
Water soluble vitamin:B,C
Nucleic acid DNA(deoxyribose sugar )RNA(Ribose sugar)
Chromosomes are genetic material
Nucleic acid are polymer of nucleotides so called polynucleotides.
Complete hydrolysis of DNA,RNA gives pentose sugar,phosphoric acid ,nitrogeneous base
DNA contains 4 bases:adenine,cytosine,guanine thymine and in RNA instead of thymine base is URACIL
Nucleosides:a unit formed by the attachment of a base to 12 position of sugar is called nucleosidewhen
nucleosides are linked to phosphoric acid at 5-2 position of sugar we get a nucleotide.Nucleotides are joined
together by phosphodiester linkage.
The two strands of DNA are complementary to each other because the H-bonds are formed between specific
pairs of bases .A –T,G-C
RNA are of 3 types:m-RNA,r-RNA,RNA.Protein are synthesized by RNA molecule but the message is
present in DNA.
BIOLOGY
1. Write the definitions of all the terms studies in these chapters.
2. Draw the graphs, pyramids, cycles & other figures. Label them.
3. Write the full form of abbreviation used in the formula.
4. Do 10 questions – 2 marks, 10 questions- 3 marks & 3 questions – 5 marks from
each chapter. (take the help of sample papers).
PSYCHOLOGY
1. Complete Case study with all photographs.
2. Complete Psychology practical file with all 5 practicals.
3. Complete the assignment of the given 3 chapters.