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Name Date HES: CHAPTER 10 Study Guide – RISK, TOXICOLOGY, AND HUMAN HEALTH Period “Give a man a fish, and he can eat for a day. But teach a man how to fish, and he'll be dead of mercury poisoning inside of three years.” ~Charles Haas 10-3 Chemical Hazards A. Toxic chemicals, those fatal to more than 50% of test animals, may be of three types: mutagens, teratogens, and carcinogens. Define and give an example of each. TERM Mutagens Teratogens Carcinogens DEFINE EXAMPLE B. The body’s immune, nervous, and endocrine systems are harmed by toxic chemicals in the environment. Describe what each system does in a human body. Immune Nervous Endocrine C. Some human-made chemicals, called endocrine disrupters, appear to disrupt people’s immune functions. Draw two diagrams – one to show how hormone mimics work and another to show how hormone blockers stop hormone activity. D. Very few everyday chemicals have been evaluated for toxicity, so we know almost nothing about their effects. Give two reasons why we know so little about those synergistic effects. 10-4 Biological Hazards: Disease in Developed and Developing Countries A. Because of the interconnectedness of life today, transmissible diseases are of special concern. Define transmissible diseases and give two examples of how disease organisms can rapidly spread through a population. TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLES 1. Transmissible Diseases 2. B. Infectious agents that spread transmissible diseases are called _____________________________. a. Infectious disease still cause about one of every _____________ deaths each year. b. Some infectious bacteria have genetic immunity to ___________________________. c. Many disease-carrying ______________________________ are immune to pesticides. C. The world faces a rise in the incidence of infectious bacterial diseases. a. Bacteria are said to be very adaptable. Describe what that means. What changes in the bacteria make it so adaptable? b. Describe three ways that bacteria can be easily spread around the world. c. Consider antibacterial hand soap. Describe how something so ubiquitous (everywhere) can cause a rapid mutation of bacteria. D. Viral diseases also present threats to human health, especially AIDS. a. Describe how a vaccine works. Explain why doctors must rely on vaccines, and NOT antibiotics, to stop viral diseases. b. List, identify the type (bacterial, viral, etc.), and describe the symptoms of the world’s seven deadliest infectious diseases: DISEASE TYPE DESCRIPTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. Reducing the incidence of infectious disease is possible. List and describe three ways to reduce the incidence of infectious disease. 1. 2. 3.