Download CHAPTER 10

Name
Date
HES: CHAPTER 10 Study Guide – RISK, TOXICOLOGY, AND HUMAN HEALTH
Period
“Give a man a fish, and he can eat for a day. But
teach a man how to fish, and he'll be dead of
mercury poisoning inside of three years.”
~Charles Haas
10-3 Chemical Hazards
A. Toxic chemicals, those fatal to more than 50% of test animals, may be of three
types: mutagens, teratogens, and carcinogens. Define and give an example
of each.
TERM
Mutagens
Teratogens
Carcinogens
DEFINE
EXAMPLE
B. The body’s immune, nervous, and endocrine systems are harmed by toxic
chemicals in the environment. Describe what each system does in a human
body.
Immune
Nervous
Endocrine
C. Some human-made chemicals, called endocrine disrupters, appear to disrupt
people’s immune functions. Draw two diagrams – one to show how hormone
mimics work and another to show how hormone blockers stop hormone
activity.
D. Very few everyday chemicals have been evaluated for toxicity, so we know
almost nothing about their effects. Give two reasons why we know so little
about those synergistic effects.
10-4 Biological Hazards: Disease in Developed and Developing
Countries
A. Because of the interconnectedness of life today, transmissible diseases are of
special concern. Define transmissible diseases and give two examples of how
disease organisms can rapidly spread through a population.
TERM
DEFINITION
EXAMPLES
1.
Transmissible
Diseases
2.
B. Infectious agents that spread transmissible diseases are called
_____________________________.
a. Infectious disease still cause about one of every _____________
deaths each year.
b. Some infectious bacteria have genetic immunity to
___________________________.
c. Many disease-carrying ______________________________ are immune
to pesticides.
C. The world faces a rise in the incidence of infectious bacterial diseases.
a. Bacteria are said to be very adaptable. Describe what that means.
What changes in the bacteria make it so adaptable?
b. Describe three ways that bacteria can be easily spread around the
world.
c. Consider antibacterial hand soap. Describe how something so
ubiquitous (everywhere) can cause a rapid mutation of bacteria.
D. Viral diseases also present threats to human health, especially AIDS.
a. Describe how a vaccine works. Explain why doctors must rely on
vaccines, and NOT antibiotics, to stop viral diseases.
b. List, identify the type (bacterial, viral, etc.), and describe the
symptoms of the world’s seven deadliest infectious diseases:
DISEASE
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1. Reducing the incidence of infectious disease is possible. List and describe
three ways to reduce the incidence of infectious disease.
1.
2.
3.