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Alice & Jill BLOOD CHEMISTRY Connections 1. Equilibrium -Hemoglobin protein reacts with oxygen to form HbO2. -Hemoglobin protein reacts with CO resulting in Carbon Monoxide poisoning. 2. Redox reaction of the haemoglobin The equilibrium reaction for the transport of oxygen by haemoglobin (Hb) can be represented as: Hb(aq) + O2(aq) HbO2(aq) OR Hb4 (aq) + 4O2 (aq) Hb4O8 (aq) In the lungs where there is a high concentration of oxygen, by Le Chatelier's principle the equilibrium position shifts to the right resulting in the formation of oxyhaemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin). In tissues the concentration of oxygen is lower, so the equilibrium position shifts to the left, by Le Chatelier's principle. Oxyhaemoglobin releases oxygen to re-form haemoglobin. 3. Le Chatelier's principle -Le Chatelier’s principle explains how equilibrium reaction will shift as changes are introduced to the system. -This holds the key to understanding how buffers work in the body. 4. pH buffers in the blood -By far the most important buffer for maintaining acid-base balance in the blood is the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer. This reaction helps to maintain the narrow range of pH in the blood. 5. pH effects on blood -We are interested in the change in the pH of the blood; therefore, we want an Alice & Jill expression for the concentration of H+ in terms of equilibrium constant - The ideal pH level for blood is 7.35-7.45 - The higher the pH of a solution, the more electrical resistance that solution holds. - If pH level is either alkaline or acid, you will become ill, perhaps even die. 6. Electrolyte -Dietary Electrolytes and Blood Pressure. Electrolyte is a "medical/scientific" term for salts, specifically ions. The term electrolyte means that this ion is electrically-charged and moves to either a negative (cathode) or positive (anode) electrode: ions that move to the cathode (cations) are positively charged ions that move to the anode (anions) are negatively charged