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INTERPRETING A PEDIGREE Name: Date: Study the following figures to learn how family members are represented in a pedigree. Use the pedigree of the Lee family to answer the questions that follow. The circle represents a female. The square represents a male. Shaded shapes represent family members with one expression of a trait (for example, dimples). Shapes that are not shaded represent members with no dimples. In this example, the female has dimples. A horizontal line is used to connect two parents. Lines connect parents and children. The oldest children are placed on the left and the youngest on the right. In this example, there are three children — two females and a male. The male child has no dimples. Observations 1. How many generations of the family are shown? ________________________________________ 2. What do the squares represent?______________________________________________________ 3. How many children did Mr. and Mrs. Lee have? ________________________________________ 4. How many children were females? ___________________________________________________ 5. Was the oldest child a girl or a boy? __________________________________________________ 6. What is the ratio of dimples to no dimples among the grandchildren? _______________________ 7. What do you think is the dominant trait — dimples or no dimples? Why? ____________________ What Did You Find Out? 1. Write a concluding statement about the chances of inheriting dimples in the Lee family. 2. Why should you include as many generations as possible when you make a pedigree? 3. (a) Assume that Mrs. Lee has Dd genotype. What genotype must Mr. Lee have? (b) Make a Punnett square to show the possible combinations of traits in the children. (c) Does the pedigree agree with what you found? On the back of this page, explain why or why not. Study the pedigree and solve the puzzle of the missing genotypes. Use the following information to help you. – A circle represents a female. – A square represents a male. – Shaded shapes represent individuals with freckles. Individuals who have freckles have at least one dominant gene for freckles (FF or Ff). – Shapes that are not shaded represent individuals with no freckles. They have two recessive genes (ff). Fill in the blanks with the genotype for each individual. An example is done for you. – Start by identifying the genotypes of individuals that you know for certain. – For the second generation, draw Punnett squares to help you determine the unknown genotypes. Hint: What combinations of genotypes produce the offspring in the third generation? Answer the questions that follow. What Did You Find Out? 1. How many grandchildren have: (a) at least one dominant gene for freckles? (b) two dominant genes for freckles? (c) two recessive genes for freckles? 2. Write a concluding statement about the chances of inheriting freckles in this family.