Download (8) Force, motion, and energy. The student knows force and motion

(8) Force, motion, and energy. The student knows force and motion are related to
potential and kinetic energy. The student is expected to:
(A) compare and contrast potential and kinetic energy
Overview that these are the two basic types of energy. Potential (stored) and Kinetic (motion)
transfer to one another. Introduced here in relation to energy and developed later in force and
motion.
1. Masako races remote control cars. To make his car move, Masako has to put a battery
in it. What is the main type of energy the battery provides to Masako’s car?
A sound energy
B electrical energy
C light energy
D heat energy
2. What form of energy is the man using in the picture?
A light energy
B mechanical energy
C thermal energy
D chemical energy
3. Pierre has four thermoses filled with hot liquids. He uses a thermometer to measure
the temperature of each in Fahrenheit (F). Which thermos has the least kinetic energy?
A the thermos with a temperature of 70 degrees F
B the thermos with a temperature of 85 degrees F
C the thermos with a temperature of 99 degrees F
D the thermos with a temperature of 130 degrees F
4. Johnny stepped up to home plate to bat for his baseball team. When the ball was close
to him, Johnny swung the bat and hit the ball out of the park. Which form of energy
decreased as the ball fell toward the ground?
A electrical
B kinetic
C potential
D chemical
5. Monique rode the roller coaster at her local amusement park. The ride took her over
many hills and through loops. Look at the image of the roller coaster below.
At which point was Monique’s potential energy the greatest?
AA
BB
CC
DD
6. Which choice is an example of kinetic energy changing into potential energy?
A A person climbs to the top of a slide.
B A television is turned on.
C A breeze moves a flag.
D A tree branch falls to the ground.
7. Which of the following is an example of potential energy?
A a lawn mower cutting grass
B a boy standing on a diving board
C a bicycle moving uphill
D a car racing down a hill
8. The kinetic energy of a substance depends on the temperature of the substance. Which
of the following substances would have the lowest amount of kinetic energy?
A frozen yogurt
B melted yogurt
C yogurt at room temperature
D yogurt being warmed
8. Kaya is riding her bike down a hill. Which form of energy is decreasing as she travels
down the hill?
A potential
B kinetic
C nuclear
D chemical
9. A battery is placed in a flashlight. The flashlight is left on and shines for six hours
before the battery runs out. What type of energy is decreasing in the battery as it powers
the flashlight?
A kinetic energy
B light energy
C heat energy
D potential energy
10. During mid- to late-afternoon, hawks can be seen spiraling upward in the air. They
are riding thermal air pockets that form from the Sun’s heat. The air currents are strong
enough that the hawks only need to maneuver the air, and not exert any energy. Once
high in the air, they can spot prey and drop very quickly back to the ground.
Which form of energy decreases rapidly as the hawk dives to the ground?
A potential
B kinetic
C mechanical
D thermal
12. What is kinetic energy?
A. energy of motion
B. stored energy
C. mechanical energy
D. gravitational potential energy
13. The equation for kinetic energy is written as follows. kinetic energy =
[(mass)(velocity)2] / 2 What can you conclude from this equation?
A. The greater the mass of a moving object is, the less kinetic energy it has.
B. The slower an object is moving, the more kinetic energy it has.
C. Both mass and speed affect the kinetic energy of an object in motion.
D. Both mass and speed affect the potential energy of an object.
14. Which example describes kinetic energy being transformed into potential energy?
A. a person skiing down a hill
B. a person parachuting out of an airplane
C. a person stretching a bow to shoot an arrow
D. a person sitting in a chair
15. Which statement describes what is happening in this illustration?
A. The water has less kinetic energy as it reaches the bottom of the canyon.
B. The water has more potential energy when it reaches the bottom of the canyon.
C. Gravity is responsible for transforming the potential energy of the water into kinetic energy.
D. Gravity is responsible for transforming the kinetic energy of the water into potential energy.
16. Two identical cars are traveling along a highway. One car is traveling twice as fast as
the other car. How much more kinetic energy does the car traveling twice as fast have
compared to the slower car. Hint: Look closely at the equation for kinetic energy. kinetic
energy = [(mass)(velocity)2] / 2
A. half the kinetic energy
B. the same kinetic energy
C. twice the kinetic energy
D. four times the kinetic energy
17. What do these tectonic plates have?
A. potential energy, but no kinetic energy
B. kinetic energy
C. nuclear energy
D. gravitational potential energy
18. What do both potential energy and kinetic energy have in common?
A. They both are associated with objects in motion.
B. They both are associated with objects at rest.
C. They both can do work.
D. Neither one can be measured.
19. Assume that four cars are traveling along a highway at the same speed and in the
same direction. Which car would have the most kinetic energy?
A. Car A
B. Car B
C. Car C
D. Car D
20. How can you tell if the kinetic energy of a moving object is decreasing?
A. The object slows down.
B. The object speeds up.
C. The object changes direction.
D. The object continues moving at a constant speed.
21. The equation for kinetic energy is written as follows. kinetic energy =
[(mass)(velocity)2] / 2 What is the kinetic energy of a 1000 kg car that is moving at 10
meters/second? The unit for energy is joules (J).
A. 5,000 J
B. 10,000 J
C. 50,000 J
D. 100,000 J
22. When will all the kinetic energy of a pin be turned into potential energy?
A. when it stops moving upward
B. while it is moving upward
C. while it is falling
D. just after the juggler throws it into the air
23. Which statement best describes the energy changes that occur while a child
is riding on a sled down a steep, snow-covered hill?
(a) Kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases.
(b) Kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases.
(c) Both potential energy and kinetic energy decrease.
(d) Both potential energy and kinetic energy increase.
24. The diagram below shows a toy airplane. The propeller is turned twenty
times, which twists the rubber band connected to it. When the propeller is
released, the rubber band unwinds and the propeller turns at a high speed,
enabling the airplane to fly.
What type of energy results when the rubber band unwinds and the propeller
turns, enabling the plane to fly?
_________________________________________
Base your answers to questions 25 and 26 on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of science. The diagram shows two students ready to dive into a pool.
25. Explain why student B has more potential energy than student A.
________________________________________________________________
______________________
26. Student A dives from the board into the water. Explain why student A’s kinetic
energy decreases as the student enters the water.