Download 4) The teacher didn`t leave the shaking building until all his students

Unit 5
Preview
1.
Listen to the recording of the text and then fill in the blanks in the following
sentences.
1. More and more impatient; happen; hurry
2.fast; fast food; fast photos; entertainment; news; seek; quick fix; do it now; get it
over and done with
3. saving; spending; save more time
4. better; balance; put the brakes; slow down
2. Read the text for better comprehension and answer the questions.
1. Because they were driving too fast to see the cows clearly.
“be reduced to”: be made smaller in size, amount, or importance
2.
此处缺解释
3. It refers to the idea that in order to be happy in future we have to put up with the
present difficulties and hardships. In other words, the present self-denial is for the
later gratification in our life.
4. “…for a rainy day”: (You save something or put something away) for a time in
the future when you may need it.
5. We are talking about the weighing scale here. “waiting patiently for the scale to
drop” means waiting for the scale to show you have succeeded in losing some
weight.
6. “liposuction” : a medical operation to remove fat from a part of someone’s body
(lipo- : fat; suck: to pull some liquid to some place)
7. “This impatience is like a widespread disease that has many effects on our lives.
8. “agree with somebody” here means “ does not make somebody feel ill”.
“fast relief”: some medicine that can help you get rid of the pain or discomfort
immediately.
9. The bald eagle is the national bird of the U.S. and therefore is also known as the
American eagle.
10. “theme” here means a short tune that is repeated in a longer piece of music.
“da-da-da-Dum” is the famous powerful theme of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. It is
suggested to be Beethoven’s memory of his childhood when his father would come to
knock at his door to remind him it was time to practice.
Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony is translated into Chinese as 命运交响曲。
11. “pre-digested”: (said of information) already put in a form that is simpler and
therefore easier to understand. The word “digest” means 消 化 in Chinese
Therefore “predigested’ reading matter is like “别人嚼过的馒头”. Nobody in their
right mind would like that kind of food.
12. We used to enjoy having many relatives and friends around, and we are happy to
spend time on them and show our concern, but now we all seem to be in such a hurry
in our life that our world becomes smaller and smaller.
13. Instead of spending more time with our loved ones as we should, we now only set
aside a few hours and meanwhile deceive ourselves that we are giving our best time
(quality time) to them.
14. No. She wrote this article to warn people not to go too fast. She hoped that we
would all think more carefully about the serious consequences if we are looking for
quick solutions to our problems all the time.
Vocabulary
1. Do the following exercises on word formation rules.
1. Study the following words and find out what the following prefixes
mean.
The prefix “super-” means ____________________________________.
The prefix “pre-” means ______________________________________.
The prefix “micro-“ means:_____________________________________
The prefix “bi-“ means: ________________________________________
The prefix “inter-“ means: _____________________________________
2. Translate into Chinese the words in bold type.
(1) 超人
(2) 超级明星； 超自然的
(3) 洲际的；超级公路
(4) 预计；芯片/集成电路；超级计算机
(5) 半月刊; 预先安排好的
(6) 工业化前的；微生物学；显微镜
(7) 学前的； 史前的
(8) 预先确定的
(9) 过早的；先决条件
(10) 互相关联的；互动
3. Study the following compound words.
an “all-you-can-eat” farm restaurant;
a “we-want-it-all-and-we-want-it-now” lifestyle;
an “I-hate-to-wait” kind of attitude; ;
a wait-and-see policy;
an “I- told –you- so” kind of look;
4.Give the adjective forms of the following nouns and verbs.
1) attentive
2) personal
3) convenient
4) symbolic
5) favorable, favorite
6) true, truthful
7) impatient
8) weighty
9) informative
10) devoted
11) massive
12) moved, moving
13) medical, medicinal
14) pervasive
15) musical
2. Translate the following Chinese into English.
1) fast food
2)
best seller
3) homemade bread
4) musical excerpts
5) express mail
6) life style
7) personal relationship
8) mass movement
9) subtle changes
10) pastoral scenery
11) rear-view mirror
12) exit sign
13) Civil War battlefield
14) horse carriages
15) antique cars
16) factory outlets
17) quality time
18) deferred gratification
19) credit card
20) ready-made clothes
21) automatic teller machine
22) convenience store
23) Polaroid camera
24) current affairs
25) news briefings
26) Fifth Symphony
27) classic novels
3. Rewrite the sentences below using the expressions given in the brackets.
1) We have decided to slow down in our economic growth so as to devote
ourselves more to the improvement of people’s living standard.
2) Lucy is good at swimming. More often than not she can win a prize in a
contest.
3) My sister said that she wanted to be on her own instead of working for that
company any longer, but she had not saved up enough for capital. She
wondered if I could help her out.
4) Thanks to government policy that the unemployment rate has dropped. It was
reduced to less than four percent for the first half of the year.
5) Joe was crazy about the raw fish and he stuffed himself with it. That night,
the fish didn’t agree with him, and he had a terrible stomachache. Finally he
had to go to the hospital for quick relief.
6) I am getting sick and tired of this unpleasant job. We have been lingering over
it for almost a week. Let’s finish it today somehow to get it over and done
with.
7) The new president ordered professors to double their publications in three
years hoping that that would make the school more famous. Well, he sped out
of control.. Teaching suffered because the professors did not have enough
time to devote to it. The quality of their publications also suffered and so did
the professors’ health.
4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions or adverbs.
1) up; out
2) down; at
3) up
4) aside/away; out of; with
5) On; with.
6) with; off.
7) in; out
8) in; of; on
9) into; around; at
10) out; in
5. Translate the following sentences into English.
1）The government will have to decide when and how to put brakes on the
economy before it speeds out of control.
2）Why waste money building an airport in the middle of nowhere? We must not
ignore the fact that what people here need most is clean water and clean air.
3）They thought they might take a different route on their return trip so as to
explore the great canyon in Tibet.
4）She traveled around the world and came back home quite a changed person,
educated and greatly revitalized.
5）There is no easy fix for our social problems. We should explore all
possibilities and move one step at a time.
6）All old traditions die a slow and lingering death. Customs and habits that have
taken so long to form can’t be expected to disappear overnight.
7）Madam Chang was considered a pioneer who advocated combining classic
Chinese music with Western music.
8）I was so stunned when I heard the news, that for quite some time I didn’t
know what to say.
9）The soldiers are learning how to survive in the wilderness.
10）
I’ll go there with you if you insist. But really I won’t be much help to
you.
Grammar
1. Point out the difference between the gerund and the infinitive when they are
used as objects after the same verb.
1) try doing sth: to do sth to see if it works or will be successful
2) try to do sth: to make an effort or take action to do sth that you may not be
able to do
3) like doing sth: to enjoy doing sth, referring to a general preference
4) like to do sth: to want or prefer to do sth, referring a particular case
5) begin to do sth:
very little difference
6) begin doing sth:
in meaning
Note: A number of verbs can have either a gerund or a to-infinitive as object
with little difference in meaning. They include: attempt, begin, bother,
continue, fear, hate, love, prefer, start, etc. However, when these verbs are
used in a continuous tense, they take a to-infinitive as object, e.g.
I’m beginning to like the food here.
Some township enterprises are continuing to expand.
Verbs that often take a gerund as their object: admit, advise, avoid, deny,
enjoy, fancy, (can’t/couldn’t) help, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest,
etc.
Verbs that can have a to-infinitive as their object: agree, decide, hope, offer,
promise, choose, expect, intend, mean, plan, refuse, fail, manage, pretend,
tend, want, etc
7) regret doing sth: to feel sorry about sth you did or did not do
8) regret to do sth: formal used in writing to express sad feelings about sth that
is disappointing or unpleasant
9) stop doing sth: not to continue what you had been doing
10) stop to do sth: to stop (doing one thing) so as to do another
(Note: Here “to do sth” is an adverbial of purpose, not an object.)
11) mean doing sth: to have or represent a particular meaning
12) mean to do sth: to intend to do sth
2. Practice using the gerund and the to-infinitive.
1. Complete the statements or questions using the gerund or the infinitive
form of the verb in brackets.
1) to live
2)living, living
3) arguing
4) to watch
5) pretending 6)to perform
7) trying
8) Settling down
2. Translate, choosing between the gerund and the to-infinitive.
1) Remember to bring your ID with you when you go to the airport.
2) I remember feeling greatly disappointed after my first job interview.
3) Finally they decided to apologize to the passengers for what had happened. at
the airport.
4) I’m sorry that I clean forgot to pass the message to Big Li.
5) At midday we stop to have lunch in a fast food restaurant.
6) I stopped listening about the disaster on the radio, but I was too shocked to
move out of the chair.
3. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
(1) not (2) affect
(3) signs
(4) passing
(5) depend
(6) providing
(7) lack
(8) Whether
(9) only
(10) on
4. Learn to recognize and use various forms of attributive modifiers (定语).
1. Identify the grammatical form of the underlined attributive modifiers in
the sentences and note their position.
The attributive modifiers are all placed after the nouns they qualify.
Their grammatical form:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
prepositional phrase
adjective phrase
three to-infinitive phrases
past participle phrase
present participle phrase
adjective
2. Translate the Chinese in brackets using the grammatical forms as shown
in the above six sentences.
1) something important to say
2) known as a nation on wheels
3) as well-informed about Beijing opera as Anna
4) called the sixth generation of Chinese directors
5) living and working overseas/abroad/in foreign countries
6) with a big nose and big hands
7) sitting in the corner
8) to play center forward (AmE) /central forward (BrE) on the university team
9) anything particular to do
10) all the things mentioned above
5. Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.
1) Those who refused to work for the invaders were sent to concentration
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
camps.
I don’t remember seeing the man anywhere before.
Some day they will bitterly regret having done what they did.
The teacher didn’t leave the shaking building until all his students had.
It wasn’t long before an ambulance arrived and rushed the injured man to a
nearby hospital.
In the library, a friend of mine found the book I wanted.
(The original sentence might indicate the writer wanted the book in the library.
If the writer meant the book was found in the library, the adverbial in the
library is misplaced.)
7) I wouldn’t believe it unless I saw it with my own eyes.
8) Whatever your feelings may be, don’t let them interfere with your work.
9) Shrieking and stumbling, the residents rushed out of the burning house.
(Errors in original sentence:
a. dangling participles: a burning house cannot shriek and stumble
b. rush out of: used as a transitive verb, which is wrong)
10) The American journalist who taught News Reporting at our university three
years ago is coming again next semester.