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Name _________________________ Date ___________________ Class __________________________ Mr. D’Amico Radioactive Isotopes: A Practical Approach 1) Uses in Medicine: Cobalt-60 (5.27 yr): Formerly used for external beam radiotherapy, now used more for sterilizing Erbium-169 (9.4 d): Use for relieving arthritis pain in synovial joints Iodine-131 (8 d): Widely used in treating thyroid cancer and in imaging the thyroid; also in diagnosis of abnormal liver function, renal (kidney) blood flow and urinary tract obstruction. A strong gamma emitter, but used for beta therapy Phosphorus-32 (14 d): Used in the treatment of polycythemia vera (excess red blood cells) Potassium-42 (12 h): Used for the determination of exchangeable potassium in coronary blood flow 2) Uses in Industry: Americium-241: Used in many smoke detectors for homes and businesses to measure levels of toxic lead in dried paint samples, to ensure uniform thickness in rolling processes like steel and paper production, and to help determine where oil wells should be drilled Californium-252: Used to inspect airline luggage for hidden explosives, to gauge moisture content of soil in the road construction and building industries, and to measure the moisture of materials stored in soils. Nickel-63: Used to detect explosives, and in voltage regulators and current surge protectors in electronic devices, and in electron capture detectors for gas chromatographs Promethium-147: Used in electric blanket thermostats, and to gauge thickness of thin plastics, thin sheet metal, rubber, textile and paper. Plutonium-238: Has powered more than 20 NASA spacecraft since 1972
